Avaliação de impacto relacionado com ruído e vibração em perímetro urbano

With economic and population growth in recent decades, it has been possible to observe an increase of vehicles in urban areas, and associated with it an increase in health problems caused by the daily impact of equipment and vehicles in cities. Generally, the main impacts realized by the population are the vibration and noise, often caused by the intense traffic of vehicles, as well as the operation of mechanical equipment in industries or construction. Thus, this work aims to make a comparison between data that are generally obtained in the mining environment with data from urban area, both collected through seismic monitoring. The monitoring was developed in the urban area of Caçapava do Sul, and despite the noise levels observed in mining environment were significantly higher, some vibration levels collected in urban areas were equally high. This work shows that several factors may have influence on the monitoring, for example how to collect data or setup the equipment, and that many complaints attributed to mining operations may have actually been several sources within the city limits.Com o crescimento econômico e populacional nas últimas décadas, cada vez mais observa-se o aumento da circulação de veículos em zonas urbanas, onde estão surgindo com maior intensidade doenças que agravam a saúde humana, provocadas por impactos decorrentes do funcionamento diário de equipamentos e veículos nas cidades. Destes impactos, os que mais são percebidos pela população são as vibrações e os ruídos ocasionados, muitas vezes, pelo trânsito intenso de veículos (principalmente pesados) e da operação de equipamentos mecânicos (como de indústrias e de construção civil). Neste sentido, este trabalho busca fazer uma comparação com dados que, geralmente, são obtidos em ambiente de mineração, com dados obtidos em perímetro urbano, na qual são coletados por meio de monitoramento sismográfico. Assim, desenvolveu-se o trabalho no perímetro urbano do município de Caçapava do Sul, onde pode-se perceber que, neste estudo de caso, nos resultados obtidos os dados coletados em ambiente de mineração resultaram em valores superiores aos coletados em zona urbana, sendo que diversos fatores podem ter influência, por exemplo, o modo de coleta dos dados, configurado no equipamento. Este trabalho mostra que muitas das reclamações pela ocorrência dos impactos monitorados não são em decorrência de desmontes com o uso de explosivos em minas, mas, sim, de diversas fontes dentro do perímetro urbano

PREFERENCIA DE MICROHÁBITAT Y ESTACIONALIDAD DE MONOGENEOS BRANQUIALES DE LA TILAPIA DEL NILO CULTIVADA EN EL SURESTE DE BRASIL

Few studies have been done to evaluate the monogenean microhabitat preference. This study evaluated the monogenean distribution among different gill arches of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and seasonality. A total of 89 fish were captured in a pond located in Chapecó, Santa Catarina, for parasitological analysis. After fish euthanasia, the gill arches were removed, separated from the most external to the most internal and named as I, II, III and IV. Transparency, pH, oxygen, temperature, alkalinity, conductivity, ammonia, iron, orthophosphate, sulfide, nitrite and nitrate of water pond were measured. In spring 2008 the mean abundances of the monogeneans (Scutogyrus longicornis, Cychlidogyrus sclerosus, C. thurstonae and C. tilapiae) in the arches I, II, III and IV were, respectively, 11.45, 14.45, 13.8, 13.15, in summer 2008 theywere 13.12, 12.25, 14.94, 21.53, in summer 2009 they were 2.75, 3.25, 2.45, 2.45, in autumn 2009 they were 13.44, 18.78, 11.78, 9.22 and in winter 2009 they were 0.35, 0.5, 0.3, 0.5. Monogenean preference for microhabitat in the gills of farmed Nile Tilapia was not observed. A significant increase of parasites in spring and summer 2008 and autumn 2009 was observed. The highest number of parasites coincided with seasons of high water temperature. The lack of microhabitat preference among the gill arches suggest homogenous distribution of parasites combined with water quality parameters.Pocos estudios han sido hechos para evaluar la preferencia por el microhabitat de monogenea. Este estudio evaluó la distribución y estacionalidad de monogenea entre los diferentes arcos branquiales de tilapia del Nilo. Un total de 89 peces fueron capturados en una laguna en la ciudad de Chapecó, Santa Catarina, para el análisis parasitológico. Después de la eutanasia de los peces, fueron extraídos los arcos branquiales separadamente a partir de la región externa hasta la interna y numerados como I, II, III e IV. Fueron evaluadas la transparencia del agua, el pH, el oxigeno disuelto, la temperatura, la alcalinidad, la conductividad, el amonio, el hierro, el ortofosfato, el sulfato, el nitrito y el nitrato. En la primavera de 2008 las abundancias promedio de monogenea (Scutogyrus longicornis, Cychlidogyrus sclerosus, C. thurstonae y C. tilapiae) en los arcos I, II, III y IV fueron, respectivamente, 11,45; 14,45; 13,8; 13,15; en el verano de 2008 de 13,12; 12,25; 14,94; 21,53; en el verano de 2009 de 2,75; 3,25; 2,45; 2,45; en el otoño de 2009 de 13,44; 18,78; 11,78; 9,22 y en el invierno de 2009 de 0,35; 0,5; 0,3; 0,5. No fue observada preferencia por monogenea por el microhabitat en las branquias de la tilapia del Nilo en cultivo. Fue observado un aumento significativo de los helmintos en la primavera y verano de 2008 y otoño de 2009. El mayor número de parásitos coincidió con las estaciones de mayor temperatura del agua. La falta de preferencia por microhabitat entre los arcos branquiales sugiere una distribución homogénea de los parásitos combinados con los parámetros de calidad de agua

Avaliação físico-química e microbiológica de águas procedentes de soluções alternativas de abastecimento na Região Metropolitana da Baixada Santista, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

Water is essential to life but its contamination may endanger public health. This study evaluated the physical-chemical and microbiological quality of alternative water supply solutions located in the Baixada Santista / SP. 67 samples (41 water spouts, 13 springs and 13 wells) were initially collected, and then 22 new collections were made. Total coliforms and Escherichia coli, according to the methodology of APHA (2012) and the contents of chloride, free residual chlorine (in treated waters), apparent color, hardness, iron, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, odor, pH, total dissolved solids, and sulfate turbidity, were counted according to the techniques described by ANVISA (2005). Of the total of the samples, 56 (83,6%) were not in compliance with Decree 2914/2011 of the Ministry of Health, which refers to the potability of water for human consumption. The tests with the highest percentage of unsatisfactory results were E. coli, 39 (58,2%); apparent color 16 (23,9%) and nitrate, 15 (22,4%). A frequent monitoring of the quality of these waters is suggested – carrying out measures for their treatment, such as chlorination-, as well as a clarification to consumers about the quality of these waters by the competent bodies and the media for the benefit of the population’s health.A água é indispensável e essencial à vida, mas sua contaminação pode colocar em risco a saúde pública. Foram avaliadas a qualidade físico-química e a microbiológica da água de soluções alternativas de abastecimento localizadas na Região Metropolitana da Baixada Santista/SP. Foram coletadas 67 amostras (41 de água de bicas, 13 de nascentes e 13 de poços) e realizadas 22 novas coletas, quanto à pesquisa e contagem de coliformes totais e Escherichia coli, conforme a metodologia da APHA (2012) e os teores de cloreto, cloro residual livre (nas águas tratadas), cor aparente, dureza, ferro, fluoreto, nitrato, nitrito, odor, pH, sólidos totais dissolvidos, sulfato e turbidez, segundo as técnicas descritas pela Anvisa (2005). Do total, 56 (83,6%) foram reprovadas com base na Portaria no 2.914/2011 do Ministério da Saúde, que dispõe sobre a potabilidade da água para consumo humano. Os ensaios com maior percentual de resultados insatisfatórios foram: E. coli, 39 (58,2%); cor aparente, 16 (23,9%) e nitrato, 15 (22,4%). Sugere-se um monitoramento frequente da qualidade das referidas águas, a realização de medidas para o seu tratamento, como a cloração, e um esclarecimento aos consumidores quanto à qualidade dessas águas por parte dos órgãos competentes e da mídia em benefício da saúde da população

Erratum to: The study of cardiovascular risk in adolescents – ERICA: rationale, design and sample characteristics of a national survey examining cardiovascular risk factor profile in Brazilian adolescents

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A list of land plants of Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Brazil, highlights the presence of sampling gaps within this protected area

Brazilian protected areas are essential for plant conservation in the Atlantic Forest domain, one of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the plant richness, protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of “Parque Nacional do Caparaó” (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil." Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the List. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD) and five as priorities for conservation. Fifity-one species were possible new ocurrences for ES and MG states

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio