Monetos XIV-XVIII a. kapuose : recenzija

Darbe analizuojamas E. Ivanausko sudarytas Lietuvos senkapiuose rastų XIV a. antrosios pusės–XIX a. pradžios monetų sąrašas (Monetos ir žetonai Lietuvos senkapiuose: 1387–1850. Vilnius, 2001). Sudarydamas sąrašą E. Ivanauskas naudojo kasinėjimų ataskaitas, Valstybės archeologijos komisijos sukauptą medžiagą, kitų rankraštynų duomenis, archeologinę literatūrą bei kai kurias periodinės spaudos žinutes apie kapuose rastas monetas, o svarbiausia – peržiūrėjo muziejuose ir kai kuriuose privačiuose rinkiniuose esančias monetas. Taip buvo skaupti duomenys apie 480 senkapius. Recenzijos autorius atkreipia dėmesį, kad sąraše apie kai kuriuos šiuos senkapius pateikiamos žinios yra labai neišsamios. Nenurodoma, iki kurių metų sukaupti duomenys knygoje pateikiami (iki 1995 m., iki 1996 m. ar dar vėlesnių?). Paaiškinami naudojamus įstaigų (bibliotekų, institutų, muziejų) pavadinimų sutrumpinimai, tačiau lieka nežinoma, ką reiškia sutrumpinimas „AP“ (Bartoniai, p. 37). Trūksta monetoms apibūdinti naudojamų sutrumpinimų paaiškinimų. Lietuvos XIV–XV a. pinigėliams (Vytauto ir Kazimiero denarams) apibūdinti vartojami terminai „atmaina A, B, C, D“ (p. 34, 73, 90, 109 ir kt.), Aleksandro denarams – „atmaina A, B, C“ (p. 73, 83, 86 ir kt.), Jono Kazimiero šilingai kartais vadinami „1660K“, „1661U“, „1666V“ (p. 23, 45, 51, 67, 78, 134–137 ir kt.). Eiliniam skaitytojui būtų suprantamiau, jei būtų nurodyta literatūra, iš kurios paaiškėtų, kada ir kieno šios atmainos įvestos mūsų numizmatikon, kokie jų būdingiausi bruožai, arba pateiktos jų iliustracijos. Nenurodytos kai kurių radinių saugojimo vietos, pasitaiko korektūros klaidų rašant vietovardžius. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Archeologija; Kapai; Moneta; Monetos; Monetos, kapai; Senkapiai; 14 amžius; 15 amžius; 16 amžius; 17 amžius; 18 amžius; Archaeology; Burial - ground; Coin; Coins; Graves; Lithuania; Old cemeteries; The 14th – 18th centuriesThe study analyses the list of coins dated late 14th c. – early 19th c., found in Lithuanian cemeteries, compiled by E. Ivanauskas (“Monetos ir žetonai Lietuvos senkapiuose: 1387–1850” [Coins and Tokens from Lithuanian Cemeteries: 1387–1850]. Vilnius, 2001). When compiling the list, Ivanauskas referred to excavation reports, the material accumulated by the State Archaeology Commission, the data from other manuscript collections, archaeological literature and certain messages from the periodical press about the coins found in graves, and, most importantly, he reviewed the coins kept in museums and certain private collections. Thus, the data about 480 cemeteries were accumulated. The reviewer notes that the information on some of these cemeteries, presented in the list, is not exhaustive. The list does not indicate the year until which the data are presented (1995, 1996 or subsequent years?). The abbreviations of the names of institutions are explained (libraries, institutes, museums); however, the abbreviation AP remains unclear (Bartoniai, p. 37). Explanations of the abbreviations used to describe coins are missing. Lithuanian coins of the 14th–15th c. (Vytautas and Kazimieras denarius) are described by the terms “variety A, B, C, D” (p. 34, 73, 90, 109, etc.), Alexander denarius – “variety A, B, C” (p. 73, 83, 86, etc.), Jonas Kazimieras shilling – “1660K”, “1661U”, “1666V” (p. 23, 45, 51, 67, 78, 134–137, etc.). The ordinary reader would find it more comprehensible, if he could see references to literature describing who and when introduced these varieties to our numismatics, what their most typical features are, or could see their illustrations. The places of keeping some of the findings are not indicated, and there are several cases of place name typos

Monetos XIV-XVIII a. kapuose

The study analyses the list of coins dated late 14th c. – early 19th c., found in Lithuanian cemeteries, compiled by E. Ivanauskas (“Monetos ir žetonai Lietuvos senkapiuose: 1387–1850” [Coins and Tokens from Lithuanian Cemeteries: 1387–1850]. Vilnius, 2001). When compiling the list, Ivanauskas referred to excavation reports, the material accumulated by the State Archaeology Commission, the data from other manuscript collections, archaeological literature and certain messages from the periodical press about the coins found in graves, and, most importantly, he reviewed the coins kept in museums and certain private collections. Thus, the data about 480 cemeteries were accumulated. The reviewer notes that the information on some of these cemeteries, presented in the list, is not exhaustive. The list does not indicate the year until which the data are presented (1995, 1996 or subsequent years?). The abbreviations of the names of institutions are explained (libraries, institutes, museums); however, the abbreviation AP remains unclear (Bartoniai, p. 37). Explanations of the abbreviations used to describe coins are missing. Lithuanian coins of the 14th–15th c. (Vytautas and Kazimieras denarius) are described by the terms “variety A, B, C, D” (p. 34, 73, 90, 109, etc.), Alexander denarius – “variety A, B, C” (p. 73, 83, 86, etc.), Jonas Kazimieras shilling – “1660K”, “1661U”, “1666V” (p. 23, 45, 51, 67, 78, 134–137, etc.). The ordinary reader would find it more comprehensible, if he could see references to literature describing who and when introduced these varieties to our numismatics, what their most typical features are, or could see their illustrations. The places of keeping some of the findings are not indicated, and there are several cases of place name typos

1919-1940 m. Lietuvoje rasti XV a. pabaigos - XIX a. pirmosios pusės monetų lobiai

In 1918, in the restored state of Lithuania, not enough attention was not paid to numismatics and archaeology, the discovery of treasures and their locations were not registered, the museum inventory books have not survived, thus the only source to learn about the treasures found in 1919-1940 is messages that were published in the press of that particular time. The article tries to fill in research gaps and analyse the coin treasures of the end of the 15th century-the beginning of the 19th century, found in Lithuania in 1919-1940. The collected data on these treasures are published, the places of their finding are given in alphabetical order, the literature is given, and, with such data, knowledge about the composition and fate of the treasure is also provided. The knowledge on the treasures found in Lithuania in 1919-1940 that remained in the interwar press is incomplete. The chronology of almost a quarter (i.e. about 20 treasures) of the coins is unknown, and the exact size of most of the treasures discussed is also unknown. The available data show that at least 8 treasures mentioned in the article were from the 16th century, and most, i.e. almost half of the treasures (42 or 48.8%) date back to the 17th century; only twelve treasures (14%) were from the 18th century, and four treasures (4.6%) - from the 19th century. Amongst these treasures, especially those from the 17th century, small coins (shillings) are predominant, but at least five treasures had gold coins, while nine had thalers. Almost a third of all the treasures were found in homesteads (in the area of destroyed buildings, in yards, gardens). Most of them were found in arable fields and only several individual treasures were found somewhere else. The article notes that the press only wrote about some of the treasures found during that period; this is confirmed by the fact that some of the treasures kept in the museum were not mentioned in newspapers

Dating of the Cultural Layers from Vilnius Lower Castle, East Lithuania: Implications for Chronological Attribution and Environmental History

Complex interdisciplinary studies carried out in the territory of the Vilnius Lower Castle, E Lithuania, were used to construct a chronological framework based on radiocarbon data and archaeological information. Bulk samples (wood and sediment) were collected from an approximately 3-m core that crossed cultural layers and underlying strata. 14C dates indicate that the underlying bed possibly formed during the 6th century AD, although no archaeological finds were discovered there. Paleobotanical (pollen and plant macrofossil) investigations reveal evidence of agriculture that points to the existence of a permanent settlement in the area at that time. The chronological data indicates a sedimentation hiatus before the onset of the deposition of the cultural layer in the studied area. The 14C dates showed that the formation of the cultural bed began during the late 13th-early 14th centuries AD, that is, earlier than expected according to the archaeological record. The ongoing deposition of the cultural beds continued throughout the middle to latter half of the 14th century AD as revealed by the archaeological records and confirmed by well-correlated 14C results. After some decline in human activity in the middle of the 14th century AD, a subsequent ongoing development of the open landscape, along with intensive agriculture, points to an increase in human activity during the second half of the 14th century AD. The first half of the 15th century AD was marked by intensive exploitation of the territory, indicating a period of economic and cultural prosperity. The chronological framework indicates that the investigated cultural beds continued forming until the first half of the 16th century AD.The Radiocarbon archives are made available by Radiocarbon and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform February 202