Terapia de movimento induzido pela restrição na hemiplegia: um estudo de caso único

Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) consists of restraining movement of the non-affected arm while providing intensive training of the affected upper extremity. Positive results have been reported after CIMT in individuals with hemiparesis due to stroke. This study is a longitudinal, ABA-design documentation of the effects of CIMT on upper extremity function of an individual with chronic left hemiparesis. Baseline phases (A) lasted two weeks and intervention (B) involved restrain of the non-affected arm with a splint and five three-hour weekly sessions of training of the affected arm, for two weeks. During the six study weeks upper extremity function was assessed by means of the Action Research Arm (ARA) and movement quality and dexterity were assessed with the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), five times a week. Quality and frequency of use of the upper extremity were assessed by the Motor Activity Log (MAL) once a week. Collected data were statistically analysed. Results showed significant gains in quality of movement (WMFT) during intervention (p;0.05). As to dexterity (WMFT) and functioning (ARA), significant gain trends were detected during the first four weeks, performance having stabilised thereafter (p>;0.05). MAL analysis did not detect any clinically relevant change. This study thus documented motor performance gains after CIMT in a patient with chronic hemiparesis.A terapia de movimento induzido por restrição (TMIR) tem mostrado resultados positivos em indivíduos hemiparéticos após acidente vascular cerebral; consiste na contenção do membro superior não-afetado e treinamento intensivo do membro afetado. Este estudo visou documentar longitudinalmente os efeitos da TMIR na funcionalidade do membro superior de um indivíduo com hemiparesia esquerda crônica. Neste estudo de caso único tipo ABA, as fases linha de base (A) duraram duas semanas e a intervenção (B) compreendeu a contenção do membro sadio com um splint e cinco sessões semanais de 3 horas de treino do membro superior afetado, durante duas semanas. As medidas de funcionalidade Action Research Arm (ARA) e de qualidade de movimento e destreza Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) foram coletadas cinco vezes por semana, e a medida de qualidade e freqüência de uso do membro superior, Motor Activity Log (MAL), uma vez por semana por seis semanas. Os dados coletados foram tratados estatisticamente. Os resultados mostram ganhos significativos na qualidade de movimento (WMFT) durante a intervenção (p;0,05). Quanto à destreza (WMFT) e funcionalidade (ARA), foram detectadas tendências significativas de ganho durante as quatro primeiras semanas; após a intervenção, houve estabilização do desempenho (

P2X7 receptor contributes to long-term neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in sepsis-surviving mice

Introduction: sepsis is defined as a multifactorial debilitating condition with high risks of death. The intense inflammatory response causes deleterious effects on the brain, a condition called sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Neuroinflammation or pathogen recognition are able to stress cells, resulting in ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) release and P2X7 receptor activation, which is abundantly expressed in the brain. The P2X7 receptor contributes to chronic neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases; however, its function in long-term neurological impairment caused by sepsis remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the effects of P2X7 receptor activation in neuroinflammatory and behavioral changes in sepsis-surviving mice. Methods: sepsis was induced in wild-type (WT), P2X7−/− , and BBG (Brilliant Blue G)-treated mice by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). On the thirteenth day after the surgery, the cognitive function of mice was assessed using the novel recognition object and Water T-maze tests. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, microglial and astrocytic activation markers, and cytokine production were also evaluated. Results: Initially, we observed that both WT and P2X7−/− sepsis-surviving mice showed memory impairment 13 days after surgery, once they did not differentiate between novel and familiar objects. Both groups of animals presented increased AChE activity in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. However, the absence of P2X7 prevented partly this increase in the cerebral cortex. Likewise, P2X7 absence decreased ionized calcium-binding protein 1 (Iba−1 ) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) upregulation in the cerebral cortex of sepsis-surviving animals. There was an increase in GFAP protein levels in the cerebral cortex but not in the hippocampus of both WT and P2X7−/− sepsis-surviving animals. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of P2X7 receptor attenuated the production of Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and Interleukin-10 (IL-10). Conclusion: the modulation of the P2X7 receptor in sepsis-surviving animals may reduce neuroinflammation and prevent cognitive impairment due to sepsisassociated encephalopathy, being considered an important therapeutic target

Fortalecimento muscular em adolescentes com paralisia cerebral: avaliação de dois protocolos em desenho experimental de caso único

Objetivos: descrever mudan&#231;as na fun&#231;&#227;o motora de dois adolescentes com diplegia esp&#225;stica, sendo um deles participante de um protocolo de fortalecimento muscular isolado (FMI) e o outro de protocolo de fortalecimento com tarefas funcionais (FTF). M&#233;todos: desenho experimental de caso &#250;nico, metodologia que revela a temporalidade do perfil de mudan&#231;as ao longo e ap&#243;s a terapia. Este desenho incluiu fases de baseline, de interven&#231;&#227;o e de followup com quatro, seis e tr&#234;s semanas, respectivamente. Participantes foram duas adolescentes com displegia esp&#225;stica submetidas, cada uma, a um protocolo de interven&#231;&#227;o: fortalecimento muscular isolado (FMI) ou fortalecimento com tarefas funcionais (FTF). Os protocolos de interven&#231;&#227;o inclu&#237;ram exerc&#237;cios de fortalecimento muscular isolado de extensores de quadril, extensores de joelho e flexores plantares (para a participante do FMI), ou de exerc&#237;cios funcionais para as mesmas musculaturas (para a participante do FTF). Mensura&#231;&#245;es tr&#234;s vezes por semana avaliaram for&#231;a muscular, velocidade de marcha, tempo para subir e descer escadas, tempo para se levantar do ch&#227;o e tempo no teste Timed Get Up and Go. Os dados foram analisados com Celeration Line, Amplitude de Dois Desvios Padr&#227;o e An&#225;lise Visual. Resultados: ganhos de for&#231;a muscular de membros inferiores foram observados nas adolescentes submetidas a ambos os protocolos. Mudan&#231;as nas atividades motoras foram observadas em 2 das 4 tarefas testadas em somente uma das adolescentes (p<0,05). Conclus&#245;es: a especificidade funcional do protocolo de fortalecimento FTF produziu modestos efeitos no desempenho de atividades motoras de uma das adolescentes com PC, em acr&#233;scimo aos ganhos de for&#231;a muscular produzidos por ambos os protocolos

Percursos DE educação linguística: uma homenagem a Maria Helena Ançã

Sem resumo disponível.publishe

Análise dos efeitos da utilização da tala seriada em crianças portadoras de paralisia cerebral: uma revisão sistemática da literatura Analysis of the effects of the use of serial casting in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review of the literature

OBJETIVOS: realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura através da seleção e análise criteriosa de artigos científicos que investigaram os efeitos da tala seriada em crianças com diagnóstico clínico de paralisia cerebral espástica. MÉTODOS: busca sistemática na literatura foi realizada no período de março a agosto de 2004, nas bases de dados eletrônicas Medline, Lilacs e PEDro publicados nas línguas inglês e português, no período de 1980 a 2004. O nível de evidência dos artigos estudados foi qualificado utilizando-se a escala Magee. RESULTADOS: os quatro artigos incluídos nessa revisão preencheram todos os critérios de inclusão e foram classificados como fracos de acordo com a escala Magee (índice de concordância Kappa K=1,0) devido às limitações metodológicas apresentadas. CONCLUSÕES: as evidências utilizadas nessa revisão sistemática não apresentam nível que possa suportar a utilização clínica da tala seriada em crianças com paralisia cerebral. Futuras pesquisas devem ser realizadas em observância à necessidade de maior rigor metodológico dos estudos para a fundamentação da prática baseada em evidência.<br>OBJECTIVES: to perform a systematic literature review through a careful survey of scientific articles investigating serial casting effects in children clinically diagnosed with spastic cerebral palsy. METHODS: systematic literature survey performed during the period of March to August 2004, in Medline, Lilacs and PEDro electronic databases published in English and Portuguese from 1980 to 2004. The evidence level of the articles studied was rated according to the Magee scale. RESULTS: the four articles included in this review met all the inclusion criteria and were rated poor according to the Magee scale (agreement index Kappa K = 1.0) due to the methodological limitations determined. CONCLUSIONS: the evidence used in this systematic review was insufficient to support the use of serial casting in children with cerebral palsy. Further research is required to fulfill the need of higher methodological standards to validate evidence based practice

Update on the Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology-2019

sem informação113344966

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil

Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora