58 research outputs found
Rare and low-frequency coding variants alter human adult height
Height is a highly heritable, classic polygenic trait with ~700 common associated variants identified so far through genome - wide association studies . Here , we report 83 height - associated coding variants with lower minor allele frequenc ies ( range of 0.1 - 4.8% ) and effects of up to 2 16 cm /allele ( e.g. in IHH , STC2 , AR and CRISPLD2 ) , >10 times the average effect of common variants . In functional follow - up studies, rare height - increasing alleles of STC2 (+1 - 2 cm/allele) compromise d proteolytic inhibition of PAPP - A and increased cleavage of IGFBP - 4 in vitro , resulting in higher bioavailability of insulin - like growth factors . The se 83 height - associated variants overlap genes mutated in monogenic growth disorders and highlight new biological candidates ( e.g. ADAMTS3, IL11RA, NOX4 ) and pathways ( e.g . proteoglycan/ glycosaminoglycan synthesis ) involved in growth . Our results demonstrate that sufficiently large sample sizes can uncover rare and low - frequency variants of moderate to large effect associated with polygenic human phenotypes , and that these variants implicate relevant genes and pathways
Accompagner une rĂ©forme vers des programmes visant le dĂ©veloppement de compĂ©tences â difficultĂ©s et leviers â
En 2007, au sein de lâUniversitĂ© de LiĂšge, lâIFRES a lancĂ© un programme interne de
financement et dâaccompagnement de projets facultaires. Dans les projets sĂ©lectionnĂ©s, les
enseignants sâengageaient Ă progresser concrĂštement dans lâopĂ©rationnalisation de formations
orientées vers le développement de compétences chez leurs étudiants. A travers ce programme
« compĂ©tences », lâobjectif de lâIFRES Ă©tait dâamorcer des rĂ©formes qui visent lâamĂ©lioration de
lâapprentissage des Ă©tudiants. Suite Ă la nĂ©cessaire description de lâinitiative et de quelques
rĂ©sultats concrets, le prĂ©sent article mentionne briĂšvement les difficultĂ©s dâordre institutionnel ou
organisationnel et sâattarde surtout Ă dĂ©terminer et illustrer des problĂšmes conceptuels qui se
posent dans ce type de réforme. Il mentionne certains freins et facteurs facilitateurs, soulignant
entre autres lâintĂ©rĂȘt dâun accompagnement semi-collectif par un consultant externe (en
lâoccurrence Jacques Tardif) et dâune large communication sur les avancĂ©es des projets en cours
Identification et caracterisation du recepteur des peptides N-formyles dans les polynucleaires neutrophiles. Clonage d'un ADNc codant pour le recepteur de fMLP et etude comparee de la regulation par phosphorylation des recepteurs du fMLP et du C5a
SIGLEAvailable from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : T 84813 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc
Sept expériences d'appropriation des compétences
peer reviewedCe chapitre met en Ă©vidence diffĂ©rentes façons de sâapproprier une approche visant le dĂ©veloppement de compĂ©tences. Il offre un patchwork dâexpĂ©riences variĂ©es dâappropriation de la notion de compĂ©tence. Plus technique, il intĂ©ressera plutĂŽt les lecteurs dĂ©jĂ rĂ©solument en chemin dans ce processus de dĂ©veloppement dâun rĂ©fĂ©rentiel de compĂ©tences, lorsquâils font face Ă des difficultĂ©s dâorganisation des diffĂ©rents Ă©lĂ©ments quâils souhaitent y voir figurer. Les cas qui suivent sont issus de la formation et de lâenseignement. Ils proviennent de pays et continents diffĂ©rents. Ils couvrent des disciplines variĂ©es. Tous ces cas ont Ă©tĂ© retenus pour leur ingĂ©niositĂ© et leur crĂ©ativitĂ©. Tous offrent des rĂ©ponses concrĂštes aux questions que gĂ©nĂšrent la construction et lâimplĂ©mentation dâun rĂ©fĂ©rentiel dans un programme de formation et dâenseignement
Définir rigoureusement des trajectoires de développement pour chacune des compétences à la base de la formation
But de l'atelier: PrĂ©senter une dĂ©marche de conception et dâĂ©laboration de trajectoires de dĂ©veloppement de compĂ©tences inscrite dans une logique de professionnalisation graduelle de lâĂ©tudiant
Constats et leviers propices à une implantation efficace de l'approche par compétences
peer reviewedLe passage de programmes fractionnĂ©s en objectifs ou morcelĂ©s par disciplines Ă des programmes plus intĂ©grateurs visant le dĂ©veloppement de compĂ©tences chez les Ă©tudiants sâinscrit dans une longue et exigeante dĂ©marche de changement et aucune procĂ©dure sĂ©quentielle rigide nâest en mesure de baliser chacune des Ă©tapes. Dans ce chapitre, aprĂšs avoir explicitĂ© quelques constats globaux mis en Ă©vidence Ă partir des cas prĂ©sentĂ©s dans lâouvrage, sont dĂ©gagĂ©s des leviers favorisant la conception et lâimplantation efficaces de programmes par compĂ©tences. Une troisiĂšme section, plus brĂšve, dĂ©crit des leviers diffĂ©rents, observĂ©s dans dâautres expĂ©riences dâaccompagnement dâĂ©quipes concevant et mettant en Ćuvre des programmes axĂ©s sur le dĂ©veloppement de compĂ©tences. En conclusion est soulevĂ© le rĂŽle crucial de lâinteractivitĂ© des leviers pour un maximum dâimpact dans la dynamique du changement vers des formations de plus en plus fortement orientĂ©es sur le parcours de dĂ©veloppement de compĂ©tences pour lâĂ©tudiant
Comment appréhender la complexité inhérente aux compétences ?
peer reviewedLe portfolio est souvent prĂ©sentĂ© comme un outil idĂ©al pour documenter le dĂ©veloppement des compĂ©tences. Sa mise en Ćuvre confronte les diffĂ©rents acteurs de lâenseignement et de la formation Ă la difficile question de la description de la preuve de compĂ©tence. Comment constituer une preuve? Quels Ă©lĂ©ments apporter pour dĂ©montrer le dĂ©veloppement de la compĂ©tence ? Cet article aborde ces questions Ă travers des donnĂ©es empiriques, celles-ci permettant dâillustrer concrĂštement les notions abordĂ©es
Direct binding of a fragment of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein to the C-terminal end of the anaphylatoxin C5a receptor.
Migration of myeloid cells towards a source of chemoattractant, such as the C5a anaphylatoxin, is triggered by the activation of a G-protein-coupled receptor. In the present study, we have used a yeast two-hybrid approach to find unknown partners of the C5a receptor (C5aR). Using the cytosolic C-terminal region of C5aR as bait to screen a human leucocyte cDNA library, we identified the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) as a potential partner of C5aR. WASP is known to have an essential function in regulating actin dynamics at the cell leading edge. The interaction was detected with both the fragment of WASP containing amino acids 1-321 (WASP.321) and WASP with its actin-nucleation-promoting domain [verprolin-like, central and acidic (VCA) domain] deleted. The interaction between C5aR and the WASP.321 was supported further by an in vitro binding assay between a radiolabelled WASP.321 fragment and a receptor C-terminus glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein, as well as by GST pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence experiments. In the yeast two-hybrid assay, full-length WASP showed no ability to interact with the C-terminal domain of C5aR. This is most probably due to an auto-inhibited conformation imposed by the VCA domain. In HEK-293T cells co-transfected with full-length WASP and C5aR, only a small amount of WASP was co-precipitated with the receptor. However, in the presence of the active form of the GTPase Cdc42 (Cdc42V12), which is thought to switch WASP to an active 'open conformation', the amount of WASP associated with the receptor was markedly increased. We hypothesize that a transient interaction between C5aR and WASP occurs following the stimulation of C5aR and Cdc42 activation. This might be one mechanism by which WASP is targeted to the plasma membrane and by which actin assembly is spatially controlled in cells moving in a gradient of C5a
Quantitative proteomic analyses reveal the impact of nitrogen starvation on the proteome of the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum
International audienceDiatoms are one of the largest groups in phytoplankton biodiversity. Understanding their response to nitrogen variations, present from micromolar to near-zero levels in oceans and fresh waters, is essential to comprehend their ecological success. Nitrogen starvation is used in biotechnological processes, to trigger the remodeling of carbon metabolism in the direction of fatty acids and triacylglycerol synthesis. We evaluated whole proteome changes in Phaeodactylum tricornutum after 7 days of cultivation with 5.5-mM nitrate (+N) or without any nitrogen source (-N). On a total of 3768 proteins detected in biological replicates, our analysis pointed to 384 differentially abundant proteins (DAP). Analysis of proteins of lower abundance in -N revealed an arrest of amino acid and protein syntheses, a remodeling of nitrogen metabolism, and a decrease of the proteasome abundance suggesting a decline in unselective whole-proteome decay. Analysis of proteins of higher abundance revealed the setting up of a general nitrogen scavenging system dependent on deaminases. The increase of a plastid palmitoyl-ACP desaturase appeared as a hallmark of carbon metabolism rewiring in the direction of fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis. This dataset is also valuable to select gene candidates for improved biotechnological properties
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