Morphological and Textural Comparisons of Soybean Mozzarella Cheese Analogs Prepared with Different Hydrocolloids

The morphology and texture of mozzarella cheese analogs prepared from soy protein isolate, gelatin, fat and different hydrocolloids (gums) were evaluated and compared. The fracturability, hardness and adhesiveness of the cheese analog gels were found to be proportionally related to the amount of fat and gelatin, and concentration and viscosity of gums. However, the stretchability of the cheese analog progels was not controlled by the viscosity of gums, but by the amount of gum and gelatin in the formulation. Fat content affected the fracturability and hardness, but did not have a significant effect on the other textural parameters or stretchability. This physical relationship enabled the preparation of cheese analogs with a broad range of fat contents. Microstructural studies indicated that gums with a lower viscosity formed a uniform and delicate gel network. Gums with a higher viscosity tended to form clumps in the gel network which might retard the alignment of molecules in the progel state and hence, adversely affect the stretching properties of the analog

Subelliptic Gevrey spaces

In this paper, we define and study Gevrey spaces associated with a H\"ormander family of (globally defined) vector fields and its corresponding sub-Laplacian. We show some natural relations between the various Gevrey spaces in this setting on general manifolds, and more particular properties on Lie groups with polynomial growth of the volume. In the case of the Heisenberg group and of $SU(2)$, we show that all our descriptions coincide

Paediatric endodontics. Part. 1: Portland Cements Apical Plug

Treatment of necrotic immature permanent anterior teeth with Portland cements apical plug. The long-term success of endodontic treatment depends on the quality of the apical and coronal seal. In necrotic immature teeth the treatment can be challenging for the clinician as the endodontic anatomy and the presence of bacterial infection need to be addressed with special techniques and materials in order to obtain an effective and biocompatible apical seal. Unfortunately, despite the best treatments, immature permanent teeth have a reduced resistance to fracture due to the arrest of root walls development

SEM Evaluation of the Hybrid Layer of Two Universal Adhesives on Sound and DI Type II Affected Dentin

Universal nanofilled adhesives were recently introduced in restorative dentistry to simplify clinical procedures and improve adhesion in different clinical situation. This study investigated the effectiveness of two universal adhesives on both sound and dentinogenesis imperfecta type II (DI-II)-affected teeth. To evaluate the effectiveness of adhesion on both sound and DI-II-affected teeth, four samples, two sound extracted molars and two extracted molars affected by DI-II were selected. Coronal enamel and dentin were exposed, and the samples were used for testing two different universal adhesives, Universal Bond (Tokuyama) and All-Bond Universal (Bisco). After the adhesive procedures, the samples were stored in saline at room temperature for one week prior to SEM investigation for the interfacial bonding layer. The samples were longitudinally sectioned into two parts, obtaining two sections for the evaluation of the adhesive interface to the SEM. The SEM-morphology of the hybrid layer on the enamel was similar for the two universal adhesives tested. The study of the hybrid layer on sound dentin confirmed the great versatility of All-Bond Universal and Universal Bond adhesives in managing adhesion even on pathological dental substrates. Both universal adhesives tested showed encouraging results on DI-II-affected dentin, creating an effective hybrid layer even on the atubular and less mineralized altered dentin

Is dental amalgam a higher risk factor rather than resin‐based restorations for systemic conditions? A systematic review

Objective: The aim of this study was to confirm the hypothesis that patients with one or more amalgam restorations have an increased risk for systemic diseases rather than patients with resin-based restorations. Data: The data search produced an initial 3568 total number of records. All titles and abstract were reviewed by five independent examiners, and only 36 records were selected for full text in depth examination. Out of these, only nine publications matched the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. Sources: Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Knowledge) were searched up to June 2019. In addition, a manual search was carried out on journals related to this topic. Study selection: All selected human clinical studies compared patients with dental amalgam restorations to patients with non-amalgam restorations on restorative material related diseases/health conditions with at least 50 patients and a reasonable follow up. The systemic effects of dental restorations were analyzed. As for any systemic effects, there was no difference between amalgam and composite restoration. Conclusions: With the limitations of the few available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the matter, amalgam restorations, similarly to other modern resin-based materials, were not related to an increased risk of systemic diseases or conditions. Clinical significance: On the basis of the available RCTs, amalgam restorations, if compared with resin-based fillings, do not show an increased risk for systemic diseases. There is still insufficient evidence to exclude or demonstrate any direct influence on general health. The removal of old amalgam restorations and their substitution with more modern adhesive restorations should be performed only when clinically necessary and not just for material concerns. In order to better evaluate the safety of dental amalgam compared to other more modern restorative materials, further RCTs that consider important parameters such as long and uniform follow up periods, number of restorations per patient, and sample populations representative of chronic or degenerative diseases are needed

The drying of sewage sludge by immersion frying

The objective of this work was to dry sewage sludge using a fry-drying process. The frying experiments were carried out in commercial fryers modified by adding thermocouples to the setup. During frying, typical drying curves were obtained and it was verified that, in relation to the parameters: oil temperature, oil type and shape of the sample, the shape factor the most effect on the drying rate, at least within the range chosen for the variables studied. Oil uptake and calorific value were also analyzed. The calorific value of the samples increased with frying time, reaching values around 24MJ/kg after 600s of frying (comparable to biocombustibles such as wood and sugarcane bagasse). The process of immersion frying showed great potential for drying materials, especially sewage sludge, obtaining a product with a high energy content, thereby increasing its value as a combustible.22227127

Altered exposure-related reshaping of body appreciation in adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa

Several studies suggest a relation between repeated exposure to extremely thin bodies in 7 media and the perceptual and emotional disturbances of body representation in anorexia 8 nervosa (AN). In this study, we utilized an exposure paradigm to investigate how perceptual 9 experience modulates body appreciation in adolescents with AN as compared to healthy 10 adolescents. Twenty AN patients and 20 healthy controls were exposed to pictures of thin or 11 round models and were then required to express liking judgments about bodies of variable 12 weight. Brief exposure to round models increased the liking judgments of round bodies but 13 not those of thin bodies in healthy adolescents. Furthermore, exposure to round models 14 increased the liking judgments of both thin and round bodies in adolescents with AN. Patients 15 did not show any change of liking judgments after exposure to thin models. These results 16 point to weak norm-based reshaping of body appreciation in AN patients

Mathematics education and technology

Recent international surveys such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) report Students, Computers and Learning ( 2015) highlight the wide gap in students’ access to, and use of, technology in secondary mathematics in participating countries. The OECD “snapshot” methodology in which 15-year-old students were asked if they (or their teachers) had performed a range of mathematical tasks using computers in the month preceding their completion of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) survey revealed low levels of technology use (see Fig. 1)

FGF trapping inhibits multiple myeloma growth through c-Myc degradation-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress

Multiple myeloma (MM), the second most common hematological malignancy, frequently relapses because of chemotherapeutic resistance. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) act as pro-angiogenic and mitogenic cytokines in MM. Here, we demonstrate that the autocrine FGF/FGFR axis is essential for MM cell survival and progression by protecting MM cells from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. In keeping with the hypothesis that the intracellular redox status can be a target for cancer therapy, FGF/FGFR blockade by FGF trapping or tyrosine kinase inhibitor impaired the growth and dissemination of MM cells by inducing mitochondrial oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptotic cell death that were prevented by the antioxidant vitamin E or mitochondrial catalase overexpression. In addition, mitochondrial oxidative stress occurred as a consequence of proteasomal degradation of the c-Myc oncoprotein that led to glutathione depletion. Accordingly, expression of a proteasome-non-degradable c-Myc protein mutant was sufficient to avoid glutathione depletion and rescue the pro-apoptotic effects due to FGF blockade. These findings were confirmed on Bortezomib-resistant MM cells as well as on bone marrow-derived primary MM cells from newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory patients, including plasma cells bearing the t(4;14) translocation obtained from high-risk MM patients. Altogether, these findings dissect the mechanism by which the FGF/FGFR system plays a non-redundant role in MM cell survival and disease progression, and indicate that FGF targeting may represent a therapeutic approach for MM patients with poor prognosis and advanced disease stage

Purification, characterization and structural determination of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase produced by Moniliophthora perniciosa

The enzyme UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase (PyroMp) from Moniliophthora perniciosa (CCMB 0257), a pathogenic fungal strain and the causative agent of the witches' broom disease in Theobroma cacao, was partially purified by precipitation with ammonium sulfate and gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200. The buffer for enzyme extraction was sodium phosphate, 0.050 mol L-1, pH 7.0, containing 1.0 mol L-1 NaCl. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimum pH and temperature conditions. Four different isoenzymes (PyroMp I, PyroMp II, PyroMp III and PyroMp IV) were obtained with optimal pH ranging from 6.9-8.4 and optimum temperature ranging from 28 to 68 °C. The 3D structure of pyrophosphorylase of M. perniciosa was determined by comparative modeling. The model obtained showed a good quality, possessing 78.6% of amino acids in energetically allowed regions. The model was then submitted for DM simulation and showed a good geometric quality (91.1% Ramachandran plot). The active site of the enzyme was found to be extremely well conserved. This model will be useful for developing new inhibitors against witches' broom disease.A enzima UDP-N-acetilglicosamina pirofosforilase de Moniliophthora perniciosa (CCMB 0257), o fungo patogênico causador da doença vassoura-de-bruxa do Theobroma cacao, foi parcialmente purificada por precipitação com sulfato de amônio e cromatografia de gel filtração em Sephacryl S-200. O tampão de extração da enzima foi o fosfato de sódio, 0,050 mol L-1, pH 7,0, contendo 1,0 mol L-1 de NaCl. A metodologia de superfície de resposta (MSR) foi usada para a obtenção do pH e temperatura ótima. Os resultados mostraram quatro diferentes isoenzimas (PyroMp I, PyroMp II, PyroMp III e PyroMp IV) que apresentaram pH ótimo na faixa de 6,9-8,4 e temperatura ótima variando entre 28 a 68 °C. A estrutura 3D de pirofosforilase de M. perniciosa foi obtida por modelagem comparativa. O modelo obtido mostrou uma boa qualidade, possuindo 78,6% de aminoácidos nas regiões energeticamente favoráveis. O modelo foi então submetido a simulações de dinâmica molecular (DM). O modelo apresentou uma boa qualidade geométrica após as simulações de DM (91,1% -gráfico de Ramachandran). A procura pelo sítio ativo da enzima mostrou que este é mantido extremamente conservado. Este modelo pode ser útil para desenvolvimento de inibidores contra a doença vassoura de bruxa.FINEPCoordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)CNPqFAPESBFIOCRUZ - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia UEF