Acute renal failure in an AIDS patient on tenofovir: a case report

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ESTRATÉGIAS DE APRENDIZAGEM UTILIZADAS NA MUDANÇA CURRICULAR REVELAM PERSPECTIVAS DE TRANSFORMAÇÃO DOS ESTUDANTES DE ENFERMAGEM PELA NOVA EDUCAÇÃO

El presente artículo tiene como meta investigar la comprensión de los estudiantes sobre la estrategia adoptada en el cambio curricular del curso de graduación en Enfermería. La metodología versa la encuesta cualitativa, los sujetos fueron 27 educandos de una Facultad Privada del estado de Río de Janeiro. La recogida de datos ocurrió en el mes de septiembre de 2007. De los resultados fueron construidas cuatro unidades temáticas: la estrategia del aprendizaje posibilita la búsqueda del conocimiento; la estrategia del aprendizaje encamina al educando a aprender a aprender; la estrategia del aprendizaje fortalece la autonomía y creatividad del educando; el conocimiento es facilitado por la interacción del grupo. Todas las unidades temáticas están en concordancia con la propuesta de las estrategias educativas innovadoras.O presente artigo tem como objetivo a investigar a compreensão dos estudantes sobre a estratégia de aprendizagem adotada na mudança curricular do curso de graduação em Enfermagem. A metodologia versa a pesquisa qualitativa, os sujeitos foram 27 educandos de uma Faculdade Privada do estado do Rio de Janeiro. A coleta de dados ocorreu no mês de setembro de 2007. Dos resultados foram construídas quatro unidades temáticas: a estratégia de aprendizagem possibilita a busca do conhecimento; a estratégia de aprendizagem encaminha o educando a aprender a aprender; a estratégia de aprendizagem fortalece a autonomia e criatividade do educando; o conhecimento é facilitado pela interação do grupo. Todas as unidades temáticas estão em concordância com a proposta das estratégias educativas innovadoras

Characterization of electrostatic shock in laser-produced optically-thin plasma flows using optical diagnostics

We present a method for evaluating the properties of electrostatic shock in laser-produced plasmas by using optical diagnostics. A shock is formed by a collimated jet in counter-streaming plasmas in nearly collisionless condition, showing the steepening of the transition width in time. In the present experiment, a streaked optical pyrometry was applied to evaluate the electron density and temperatures in the upstream and downstream regions of the shock so that the shock conditions are satisfied, by assuming thermal bremsstrahlung emission in optically thin plasmas. The derived electron densities are nearly consistent with those estimated from interferometry

Microangiopathy in the cerebellum of patients with mitochondrial DNA disease

Neuropathological findings in mitochondrial DNA disease vary and are often dependent on the type of mitochondrial DNA defect. Many reports document neuronal cell loss, demyelination, gliosis and necrotic lesions in post-mortem material. However, previous studies highlight vascular abnormalities in patients harbouring mitochondrial DNA defects, particularly in those with the m.3243A>G mutation in whom stroke-like events are part of the mitochondrial encephalopathy lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes syndrome. We investigated microangiopathic changes in the cerebellum of 16 genetically and clinically well-defined patients. Respiratory chain deficiency, high levels of mutated mitochondrial DNA and increased mitochondrial mass were present within the smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells comprising the vessel wall in patients. These changes were not limited to those harbouring the m.3243A>G mutation frequently associated with mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes, but were documented in patients harbouring m.8344A>G and autosomal recessive polymerase (DNA directed), gamma (POLG) mutations. In 8 of the 16 patients, multiple ischaemic-like lesions occurred in the cerebellar cortex suggestive of vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction. Indeed, changes in vascular smooth muscle and endothelium distribution and cell size are indicative of vascular cell loss. We found evidence of blood–brain barrier breakdown characterized by plasma protein extravasation following fibrinogen and IgG immunohistochemistry. Reduced immunofluorescence was also observed using markers for endothelial tight junctions providing further evidence in support of blood–brain barrier breakdown. Understanding the structural and functional changes occurring in central nervous system microvessels in patients harbouring mitochondrial DNA defects will provide an important insight into mechanisms of neurodegeneration in mitochondrial DNA disease. Since therapeutic strategies targeting the central nervous system are limited, modulating vascular function presents an exciting opportunity to lessen the burden of disease in these patients

Identification of a novel phosphorylation site in hepatitis C virus NS5A

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5A protein is phosphorylated on multiple residues; however, despite extensive study, the precise identity of these sites has not been determined unambiguously. In this study, we have used a combination of immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry to identify these phosphorylation sites. This analysis revealed the presence of a major phosphorylated residue within NS5A from the genotype 1b Con1 isolate – serine 249 (serine 2221 in polyprotein numbering). However, mutation of this residue (or the corresponding threonine in the JFH-1 isolate) to either a phosphomimetic (aspartate) or a phosphoablative (alanine) residue resulted in no phenotype. We conclude that phosphorylation of this residue, in the context of a highly culture-adapted HCV genome, does not play a role in either viral RNA replication or virus assembly. It is possible that it might be important in an aspect of virus biology that is not recapitulated faithfully in the Huh-7 cell-culture system

Quantum control and measurement of atomic spins in polarization spectroscopy

Quantum control and measurement are two sides of the same coin. To affect a dynamical map, well-designed time-dependent control fields must be applied to the system of interest. To read out the quantum state, information about the system must be transferred to a probe field. We study a particular example of this dual action in the context of quantum control and measurement of atomic spins through the light-shift interaction with an off-resonant optical probe. By introducing an irreducible tensor decomposition, we identify the coupling of the Stokes vector of the light field with moments of the atomic spin state. This shows how polarization spectroscopy can be used for continuous weak measurement of atomic observables that evolve as a function of time. Simultaneously, the state-dependent light shift induced by the probe field can drive nonlinear dynamics of the spin, and can be used to generate arbitrary unitary transformations on the atoms. We revisit the derivation of the master equation in order to give a unified description of spin dynamics in the presence of both nonlinear dynamics and photon scattering. Based on this formalism, we review applications to quantum control, including the design of state-to-state mappings, and quantum-state reconstruction via continuous weak measurement on a dynamically controlled ensemble

PROCESO DE CAMBIO CURRICULAR DEL CURSO DE GRADUACIÓN EN ENFERMERÍA DE LA UNIFESO: POTENCIALIDADES Y VULNERABILIDADES

Se objetivó en este estudio subrayar las potencialidades y vulnerabilidades del proceso del cambio curricular. Los sujetos de la encuesta fueron 43 educandos del segundo período de graduación en enfermería de la UNIFESO, que están insertos en el cambio curricular. Los resultados fueron presentados en unidades temáticas enfatizando las potencialidades y vulnerabilidades del proceso de cambio curricular. Entre las potencialidades, la primera es que el aprendizaje es facilitado por la interacción grupal, la segunda que el aprendizaje ocurre por la participación efectiva de los educandos, tercera, el aprendizaje y el dinamismo del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje y la cuarta, la integración enseñanza-trabajo-ciudadanía como un diferencial en la formación. Siendo las vulnerabilidades cuestiones relacionadas a la estructura y organización curricular y relativas al proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje. Por consiguiente, se puede afirmar que el desafío puesto es transformar las tensiones generadas por el cambio curricular en momentos propiciadores y generar de las vulnerabilidades las grandes potencialidades del proceso de cambio.Objetivou-se neste estudo a destacar as potencialidades e vulnerabilidades do processo de mudança curricular. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram 43 educandos do segundo período de graduação em enfermagem da UNIFESO, que estão inseridos na mudança curricular. Os resultados foram apresentados em unidades temáticas enfatizando as potencialidades e vulnerabilidades do processo de mudança curricular. Dentre as potencialidades à aprendizagem é facilitada pela interação grupal, a segunda a aprendizagem ocorre pela participação efetiva dos educandos, a terceira aprendizagem e o dinamismo do processo ensino-aprendizagem e a quarta a integração ensino-trabalho-cidadania como um diferencial na formação. Sendo as vulnerabilidades questões relacionadas à estrutura e organização curricular e relativos ao processo ensino-aprendizagem. Por conseguinte pode-se afirmar que o desafio posto é transformar as tensões geradas pela mudança curricular em momentos propiciadores e gerar das vulnerabilidades as grandes potencialidades do processo de mudanç

ALS-FTLD associated mutations of SQSTM1 impact on Keap1-Nrf2 signalling

The transcription factor Nrf2 and its repressor protein Keap1 play key roles in the regulation of antioxidant stress responses and both Keap1-Nrf2 signalling and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the ALS-FTLD spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders. The Keap1-binding partner and autophagy receptor SQSTM1/p62 has also recently been linked genetically to ALS-FTLD, with some missense mutations identified in patients mapping within or close to its Keap1-interacting region (KIR, residues 347–352) of SQSTM1/p62. Here we report the effects on protein function of four different disease associated mutations of SQSTM1/p62 which affect the KIR region. Only mutations mapping precisely to the KIR (P348L and G351 A) were associated with a loss of Keap1 binding in co-immunoprecipitations comparable to wild-type SQSTM1/p62. These selective effects on Keap1 recognition were entirely rational based on protein structural models. Consistent with impaired Keap1 binding, the P348L and G351A KIR mutants showed reduced ability to activate Nrf2 signalling compared to wild-type SQSTM1/p62 in antioxidant response element (ARE)-luciferase reporter assays. The results suggest that SQSTM1 mutations within the KIR of SQSTM1/p62 contribute to aetiology of some cases of ALS-FTLD through a mechanism involving aberrant expression or regulation of oxidative response genes