Development of ternary solid dispersions with hydrophilic polymer and surface adsorbent for improving dissolution rate of carbamazepine

In this study solid dispersions of carbamazepine in the hydrophilic Kollidon (R) VA64 polymer, adsorbed onto Neusilin (R) UFL2 adsorption carrier have been employed to improve carbamazepine dissolution rate. In order to evaluate effects of changing in the proportions of all solid dispersion components on carbamazepine dissolution rate, D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the formulation development. From all prepared solid dispersion formulations, significantly faster carbamazepine dissolution was observed compared to pure drug. Ternary solid dispersions containing carbamazepine, Kollidon (R) VA64 and Neusilin (R) UFL2 showed superior dissolution performances over binary ones, containing only carbamazepine and Neusilin (R) UFL2. Proportion of Kollidon (R) VA64 showed the most profound effect on the amount of carbamazepine dissolved after 10 and 30 min, whereby these parameters increase upon increasing in Kollidon (R) VA64 concentrations up to the middle values in the studied range of Kollidon (R) VA64 concentrations. Physicochemical characterization of the selected samples using differential scanning calorimetry, FT-IR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and polarizing light microscopy showed polymorphic transition of carbamazepine from more thermodynamically stable monoclinic form (form III) to less thermodynamically stable triclinic form (form I) in the case of ternary, but not of binary solid dispersion formulations. This polymorphic transition can be one of the factors responsible for improving of carbamazepine dissolution rate from studied solid dispersions. Ternary solid dispersions prepared with Kollidon (R) VA64 hydrophilic polymer and Neusilin (R) UFL2 adsorption carrier resulted in significantly improvement of carbamazepine dissolution rate, but formation of metastable polymorphic form of carbamazepine requires particular care to be taken in ensuring product long term stability

AV in DH: State of the Field

This presentation was created in the Fall semester of 2017 while the author served as an intern in the Office of Digital Research and Scholarship at Florida State University, where he researched the ways in which audio-visual media was being utilized in digital humanities projects. Offering a kind of "state of the field," this presentation summarizes the key issues associated with this kind of work while providing an overview of several projects, platforms, and tools used in digital humanities projects dealing with audio-visual materials and collections

Original paper OXIDIZED LDL AND OTHER LIPIDS AS RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN THE PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROM

Summary: We estimated relationship between lipids, LDL oxidation, antioxidant activity and CRP in diabetic patients with metabolic syndrom (MS), with and without coronary heart disease (CHD), in non diabetic patients with and without CHD and in obese patients, with and without diabetes. We didn’t find significant difference in lipids among diabetic MS patients. Patients from all subgroups have simillar level of oxLDL, but significant higher comparing with healthy control. MS diabetic patients have oxLDL in positive corelation with TC, LDL-C, non HDL-C and apo B 100, as vell as with molar ratio LDL-C/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C (p<0.001). Among non diabetics, CHD patients had higher Lp(a), but oxLDL was simillar in both subgroups. In the nondiabetics we found correlation between oxLDL, TC, LDL-C and TG (p<0.01) and apo B 100 (p<0.001), but not with TG/HDL-C molar ratio. Obese patients from both groups had simillar lipids profile but, oxLDL was higher, not significant, in non diabetics. We didn’t find significant differences in antioxidative activity and CRP in both diabetics MS subgroups, and both obese subgroups. Nondiabetics with CHD have lower E-SOD and E-GPX activity and higher level of CRP than non CHD patients (p<0.05). MS diabetics and non diabetics didn't have significant correlation between levels of oxLDL and CRP, but CHD patients (with or without diabetes) had (p<0. 01). Key words: diabetes mellitus type 2, coronary heart disease, lipids, oxLDL, antioxidative statu

Oxidized LDL and lipids as risk factors for ischemic heart disease in type 2 diabetes

Background. Abnormal lipid profile is an important risk factor in the development of macrovascular atherosclerotic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Factors that contribute to endothelial cell dysfunction associated with the initiation of atherosclerosis include oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between lipid profile and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetics with and without ischemic heart disease (IHD). Methods. We studied 80 patients with T2D, 40 with IHD (group A1) and 40 without IHD (group A2). We also studied 51 non-diabetics, 31 with IHD (group B1), and 20 without IHD (group B2 - control group). Lipid profile was estimated by the total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, the level of triglyceride (Tg), lipoproteina a (Lp a), Apo A I, A II, B 100 and E. To evaluate the oxidative status we measured circulating oxidized LDL (ox LDL), erythrocyte antioxidative enzyme activity: superoxide dismutase (E-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (E-GPX), as well as the total antioxidative serum activity (TAS). Inflammatory reaction was estimated by C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen. Results. No significant difference was found in the lipid profile in groups A1, A2 and B1, but the group B2 had the lowest one. Lp a level was significantly higher in group B1 comparing to other groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the level of ox LDL between the groups. In diabetics, ox LDL positively correlated with the total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, non HDL cholesterol, Apo B 100 and the relations between LDL/HDL and Tg/HDL (p < 0.001), as well as with Tg and fibrinogen (p < 0.05). In group B1, ox LDL positively correlated with total cholesterol, Tg (p < 0.01), LDL, and non HDL cholesterol (p < 0.05) and significantly with Apo B 100 (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the antioxidant enzyme activities between the groups of diabetics (A1 and A2), but fibrinogen was higher in the group with IHD (group A1, p < 0.05). Group B1 had lower ESOD activity than the groups A1 and A2 (p < 0.05), but CRP was higher (p < 0.05). There were no significant correlations between oxLDL and CRP in groups A1 and A2, but it was statistically significant in the group B1 (p < 0.05). Conclusion. In this study we demonstrated the increased oxidative stress in diabetics compared to non-diabetics regardless of the presence of IHD. Fibrinogen, but not CRP, was higher in diabetics with IHD, compared to diabetics without IHD. The increased oxidative stress, the reduced antioxidative activity E-SOD, and the higher level of CRP were found in non-diabetics with IHD compared to non-diabetics without IHD