Construction of index system for external risk factors of disease on large-scale farm based on the analytic hierarchy process

AbstractAnimal health risk analysis technology on large-scale farm is becoming more important, but the assessment of relevant external risk factors of disease spreading into pig farm is an complex multi-dimensional process. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been accepted as a robust and flexible multi-criteria decision-making tool for dealing with complex decision problems. On this study, The index system of external risk factors on large-scale farm is built based on AHP. The result shows that farm management practices, Biosecurity and site are major risk factors and reveals AHP can be used in animal risk analysis for disease control and prevention

Identification of kinectin as a novel Behçet's disease autoantigen

There has been some evidence that Behçet's disease (BD) has a significant autoimmune component but the molecular identity of putative autoantigens has not been well characterized. In the initial analysis of the autoantibody profile in 39 Chinese BD patients, autoantibodies to cellular proteins were uncovered in 23% as determined by immunoblotting. We have now identified one of the major autoantibody specificities using expression cloning. Serum from a BD patient was used as a probe to immunoscreen a λZAP expression cDNA library. Candidate autoantigen cDNAs were characterized by direct nucleotide sequencing and their expressed products were examined for reactivity to the entire panel of BD sera using immunoprecipitation. Reactivity was also examined with normal control sera and disease control sera from patients with lupus and Sjögren's syndrome. Six independent candidate clones were isolated from the cDNA library screen and were identified as overlapping partial human kinectin cDNAs. The finding that kinectin was an autoantigen was verified in 9 out of 39 (23%) BD patient sera by immunoprecipitation of the in vitro translation products. Sera from controls showed no reactivity. The significance of kinectin as a participant in autoimmune pathogenesis in BD and the potential use of autoantibody to kinectin in serodiagnostics are discussed

Separate density and viscosity measurements of unknown liquid using quartz crystal microbalance

Aqueous liquids have a wide range of applications in many fields. Basic physical properties like the density and the viscosity have great impacts on the functionalities of a given ionic liquid. For the millions kinds of existing liquids, only a few have been systematically measured with the density and the viscosity using traditional methods. However, these methods are limited to measure the density and the viscosity of an ionic liquid simultaneously especially in processing micro sample volumes. To meet this challenge, we present a new theoretical model and a novel method to separate density and viscosity measurements with single quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) in this work. The agreement of experimental results and theocratical calculations shows that the QCM is capable to measure the density and the viscosity of ionic liquid

The Current Research and Application of Solid-state Fermentation of Wheat Bran

Wheat bran is the main by-product during the milling process of wheat flour,which is rich in bioactive substances.It could be used as the substrate for microbial growth in the process of solid-state fermentation and in various industrial production fields.The current research and application of solidstate fermented wheat bran in metabolites production,microbial inoculums preparation,whole-grain food processing,and feed substitution were reviewed in this study,and their prospects were also put forward,in order to provide a theoretical reference for the further and systematic research of wheat bran solid-state fermentation

A new boundary element approach of modeling singular stress fields of plane V-notch problems

In this paper, a new boundary element (BE) approach is proposed to determine the singular stress field in plane V-notch structures. The method is based on an asymptotic expansion of the stresses in a small region around a notch tip and application of the conventional BE in the remaining region of the structure. The evaluation of stress singularities at a notch tip is transformed into an eigenvalue problem of ordinary differential equations that is solved by the interpolating matrix method in order to obtain singularity orders (degrees) and associated eigen-functions of the V-notch. The combination of the eigen-analysis for the small region and the conventional BE analysis for the remaining part of the structure results in both the singular stress field near the notch tip and the notch stress intensity factors (SIFs). Examples are given for V-notch plates made of isotropic materials. Comparisons and parametric studies on stresses and notch SIFs are carried out for various V-notch plates. The studies show that the new approach is accurate and effective in simulating singular stress fields in V-notch/crack structures

Research on the Quality Evaluation of Commercial Whole Grain Dried Noodles

This paper aims to comprehensively analyze quality features of commercial whole grain dried noodles and provide data reference for the formulation standards of whole grain dried noodles. 41 commercial whole grain dried noodles collected in 2019 and 2020 are analyzed and evaluated in this research.The moisture content is from 9.77% to 13.06%, while the acidity value between 0.00 to 4.46 mL per10 g,with a naturally broken ratio from 0.04% to 4.05%. The cooked broken ratio is from 0.00% to 3.33%. The cooked broken ratio of 90% whole grain noodle samples is 0%, with the cooking loss ratio between 2.46%and 11.36%. Taking the limits of the above indexes in LS/T 3212—2014 as the reference, except the acidity of 2 samples and the cooking loss rate of 4 samples which are beyond the limit values, all indexes of other samples meet the requirements. The total dietary fiber content is between 2.22 to 12.37 g per 100 g and the alkylresorcinols content is between 10.08 μg/g and 218.52 μg/g. The integral level of moisture content,acidity and alkylresorcinols content of samples in 2020 is higher than that in 2019, and the cooking loss rate is the lower, while there is no significant difference between two years’ samples in other indexes. The results show that the quality of commercial whole grain dried noodles varies greatly

Enzymatic interesterification of palm stearin and palm olein blend catalyzed by sn-1,3-specific lipase: interesterification degree, acyl migration, and physical properties

Acyl migration of fatty acid at sn-2 is often observed alongside enzymatic interesterification (EIE), causing the loss of lipase selectivity toward the acyl group at sn-1,3. In this study, an oil blend consisting of palm stearin (PST) and palm olein (POL) was interesterified via a chemical interesterification (CIE) and enzymatic method using a packed bed reactor. Characterization in terms of the triacylglycerol (TAG) compositions, sn-2 fatty acid distributions, and solid fat content profiles was performed. In comparison to that of CIE fats, EIE fats showed different modification effects on the solid fat content. Under similar reaction conditions, different interesterification degrees (IDs) were obtained according to the various blend ratios. Using the same mass ratio of substrates (POL/PST of 9:1), the EIE reaction time and temperature affected the ID and the change in the fatty acyl group at the sn-2 position. Under the reaction time of 46 min, an ID of 94.41% was acquired, while at 80 °C, the degree of acyl migration at sn-2 was 92.87%. EIE with high acyl migration exhibited a lower crystallization rate than that of EIE with low acyl migration. However, the effect of acyl migration on crystal polymorphism and oxidative stability was insignificant. Outcomes from this study are meaningful for the establishment of a theoretical basis for a controlled positional-specific EIE that is catalyzed by sn-1,3-specific lipase

Revealing histological and morphological features of female reproductive system in tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri)

The tree shrew has been used as a primate animal model in neuroscience studies but it has only rarely been employed in the study of reproductive systems. This is mainly because we know very little about the histological features of reproductive organs of the tree shrew. In this study, we have systematically analyzed the histology of reproductive organs of tree shrew, in comparison with human organs. The uterus of female tree shrew is uterus biomes unicolis, which is connected with an enveloped ovary through a thin fallopian tube. Histologically, the fallopian tube consists of folded mucosa, muscularis and serosa. Like other mammalian animals, the different developmental stages (primordial, primary, secondary and Graafian follicles) of ovarian follicles including inner oocyte and outer granulosa cells are embedded in the cortex. The luminal endometrium, middle muscular myometrium and serosa constitute the wall of uterus of tree shrew. The uterine endometrium contains simple columnar ciliated cells and goblet cells, and there are rich uterine glands in underlying stroma. Furthermore, these glands of tree shrew are round and smaller during anestrus, and become much longer when they are in estrus. The uterine endometrium in younger animals was less developed when compared to a mature tree shrew. Compared to human uterine endometrium, the histological features of tree shrew are very similar, indicating that it could potentially be good primate animal model for studying the diseases in reproductive system