Positive-energy D-bar method for acoustic tomography: a computational study

A new computational method for reconstructing a potential from the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map at positive energy is developed. The method is based on D-bar techniques and it works in absence of exceptional points -- in particular, if the potential is small enough compared to the energy. Numerical tests reveal exceptional points for perturbed, radial potentials. Reconstructions for several potentials are computed using simulated Dirichlet-to-Neumann maps with and without added noise. The new reconstruction method is shown to work well for energy values between $10^{-5}$ and $5$, smaller values giving better results

One or Two Questions

Background and Aims. Assessing young children's mental health is a crucial and challenging task. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical relevance of asking parents, nurses, and young children themselves to identify children's mental health problems by only one or two questions. Methods. In regular health check-ups of 4-to 9-year-old children ( = 2682), parents and public health nurses assessed by one question whether the child had any emotional or behavioral difficulties. The child completed a self-evaluation enquiry on his/her emotional well-being. A stratified proportion of the participating parents were invited to a diagnostic interview. Results. Sensitivities were fairly good for the parents' (68%), nurses' (65%), and their combined (79%) onequestion screens. Difficulties identified by parents and nurses were major risks (OR 10-14) for any child psychiatric disorders ( < 0.001). The child's self-evaluation was related to 2-fold to 3-fold risks ( < 0.05) for any psychiatric diagnosis, for any emotional diagnosis, and for negative situational factors. Conclusion. The one-question screen for parents and public health nurses together quite adequately identified the young children with mental health problems. The child's self-evaluation provided relevant and complementary information on his/her mental health and especially emotional problems

Cutting a Long Story Short? The Clinical Relevance of Asking Parents, Nurses, and Young Children Themselves to Identify Children’s Mental Health Problems by One or Two Questions

Background and Aims. Assessing young children’s mental health is a crucial and challenging task. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical relevance of asking parents, nurses, and young children themselves to identify children’s mental health problems by only one or two questions. Methods. In regular health check-ups of 4- to 9-year-old children (n=2682), parents and public health nurses assessed by one question whether the child had any emotional or behavioral difficulties. The child completed a self-evaluation enquiry on his/her emotional well-being. A stratified proportion of the participating parents were invited to a diagnostic interview. Results. Sensitivities were fairly good for the parents’ (68%), nurses’ (65%), and their combined (79%) one-question screens. Difficulties identified by parents and nurses were major risks (OR 10–14) for any child psychiatric disorders (P<0.001). The child’s self-evaluation was related to 2-fold to 3-fold risks (P<0.05) for any psychiatric diagnosis, for any emotional diagnosis, and for negative situational factors. Conclusion. The one-question screen for parents and public health nurses together quite adequately identified the young children with mental health problems. The child’s self-evaluation provided relevant and complementary information on his/her mental health and especially emotional problems

Oikeuskemiallisesti todetut myrkytyskuolemat Suomessa vuonna 1981

Summary: Fatal Poisonings Verified in Forensic Chemistry Examinations in Finland in 1981

A nationwide study on parathyroid carcinoma

Background: Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is rare and diagnostically challenging. Reported outcomes are rather poor and the incidence might be increasing.Material and methods: We performed a nationwide study on all cases (n=32) diagnosed in 2000-2011 in Finland, and compared clinical and histopathological characteristics and outcome to atypical parathyroid (APA; n=28) and parathyroid adenomas (PA; n=72). The incidence in years 1955-1999 was compared to that in 2000-2013.Results: Preoperatively, calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations were higher in PC compared to APA and PA (1.76, 1.56 and 1.44mmol/l, pPeer reviewe

Discovery of Membrane-Bound Pyrophosphatase Inhibitors Derived from an Isoxazole Fragment

Membrane-bound pyrophosphatases (mPPases) regulate energy homeostasis in pathogenic protozoan parasites and lack human homologues, which makes them promising targets in e.g. malaria. Yet only few nonphosphorus inhibitors have been reported so far. Here, we explore an isoxazole fragment hit, leading to the discovery of small mPPase inhibitors with 6-10 mu M IC50 values in the Thermotoga maritima test system. Promisingly, the compounds retained activity against Plasmodium falciparum mPPase in membranes and inhibited parasite growth.Peer reviewe

The effect of COVID-19 restrictions on atmospheric new particle formation in Beijing

During the COVID-19 lockdown, the dramatic reduction of anthropogenic emissions provided a unique opportunity to investigate the effects of reduced anthropogenic activity and primary emissions on atmospheric chemical processes and the consequent formation of secondary pollutants. Here, we utilize comprehensive observations to examine the response of atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) to the changes in the atmospheric chemical cocktail. We find that the main clustering process was unaffected by the drastically reduced traffic emissions, and the formation rate of 1.5 nm particles remained unaltered. However, particle survival probability was enhanced due to an increased particle growth rate (GR) during the lockdown period, explaining the enhanced NPF activity in earlier studies. For GR at 1.5-3 nm, sulfuric acid (SA) was the main contributor at high temperatures, whilst there were unaccounted contributing vapors at low temperatures. For GR at 3-7 and 7-15 nm, oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs) played a major role. Surprisingly, OOM composition and volatility were insensitive to the large change of atmospheric NOx concentration; instead the associated high particle growth rates and high OOM concentration during the lockdown period were mostly caused by the enhanced atmospheric oxidative capacity. Overall, our findings suggest a limited role of traffic emissions in NPF.Peer reviewe

Kilpailija-analyysi ja potentiaalikartoitus markkinatutkimusyritys X:lle

Tämän opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli selvittää alkavan markkinatutkimusyrityksen liiketoiminnalliset edellytykset Satakunnan paikallismarkkinoilla sekä kartoittaa alueen potentiaalinen asiakaskunta. Sekundäärisenä tavoitteena opinnäytetyössä oli selvittää yleinen markkinatilanne ja taantuman mahdolliset vaikutukset yrityksen perustamiseen ja toimintaan. Opinnäytetyössä suoritettiin kevään 2009 aikana kaksi tutkimusta, joista toinen oli puolistrukturoitu puhelinhaastattelu kilpailijoille ja toinen pisteytetty sähköpostikysely alueen yrityksille. Tutkimukset selvittivät kilpailija-analyysin kautta alueen kilpailutilannetta ja potentiaalikartoituksen kautta mahdollisen asiakaskunnan mielipiteitä toimeksiantajan palveluita kohtaan. Puhelinhaastatteluun valitsimme 10 alan yritystä, 4 Satakunnasta ja 6 muualta Suomesta työnantajamme toiveiden mukaan, harkinnanvaraisena otoksena. Sähköpostikyselyyn taas valitsimme 152 yli kymmenen henkeä työllistävää palveluyritystä. Vastaajat valittiin ositetulla otannalla, jokaiselta toimialalta 5-10 yritystä. Työn teoriaosassa paneuduttiin markkinointitutkimukseen sekä kilpailija-analyysiin. Lisäksi selvitettiin kvalitatiiviset ja kvantitatiiviset tutkimusmenetelmät sekä tutkimukset luotettavuuden puitteet. Tutkimusten tulosten perusteella toimeksiantajamme kartoittivat intressinsä uudelleen ja päättivät lykätä uuden yrityksen perustamista taantuman vaikeimman vaiheen ohitse.The goal of this thesis was to examine requirements of successful business activity and to measure the potency of the patronage in the local markets of Satakunta. Secondary objective was to examine the general market status in Finland and to find out the possible extra requirements of recession in terms of founding a new enterprise. We performed two researches in the spring of 2009. First research was half structured phone research to competitors and the second research was evaluated e-mail query to the enterprises of the area. These researches measured the competition status and view about the services of our applicants by the means of competition analysis and potency survey. We picked 10 competitors to our phone research, 4 local and 6 from other major cities in Finland. These competitors were carefully selected as a discretionary sample by the terms from our applicants. For the e-mail survey we selected 152 local enterprises which employed at least 10 people. Enterprises were selected from each industry sector by 5-10 in relation of the total number of enterprises. In the theory sector of this thesis we unwrapped the basic terms of marketing research, competition analysis, qualitative and quantitative researches. After this thesis our applicants remapped their interests to the foundation of a new marketing research company and decided to defer their plans past the worst part of the recession