Socially Desirable Response, Personality and Intelligence in Selection Situation

Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati povezanost dimenzija socijalno poželjnog odgovaranja s osobinama ličnosti i inteligencijom u realnoj selekcijskoj situaciji. Polazeći od Paulhusova modela (1984) socijalno poželjnog odgovaranja ispitali smo povezanost upravljanja dojmovima i samozavaravanja s općom inteligencijom i tri dimenzije ličnosti – ekstraverzijom, neuroticizmom i psihoticizmom. Istraživanje je provedeno na kandidatima koji su se natjecali za prijem u obrazovni program Ministarstva obrane Republike Hrvatske. U skladu s polaznom hipotezom, dvije su komponente socijalne poželjnosti imale različite obrasce povezanosti s dimenzijama ličnosti i općom inteligencijom. Samozavaravanje je bilo u pozitivnoj korelaciji s neuroticizmom i ekstraverzijom, a upravljanje dojmovima u negativnoj korelaciji s psihoticizmom i općom inteligencijom. Razlike u dobivenom sklopu korelacija podržavaju tezu da samozavaravanje i upravljanje dojmovima predstavljaju dva različita oblika socijalno poželjnog odgovaranja. Međutim, suprotno osnovnoj pretpostavci modela, komponente se razlikuju po sadržaju samoprezentacije, a ne po stupnju svjesnosti.The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of a socially desirable response with personality traits and intelligence in a real selection situation. Starting from the Paulhus’ (1984) social desirability model, we examined a relationship of impression management and self-deception with general cognitive ability and three personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism) on a sample of applicants competing for the Ministry of Defense’s educational program (N=602). In accordance with the hypothesis, two social desirability components showed different correlations with personality traits and intelligence. Self-deception correlated positively with emotional stability and extraversion, and impression management negatively with psychoticism and intelligence. Differences in correlation patterns supported the thesis that self-deception and impression management represent two different forms of socially desirable response. Contrary to the basic hypothesis of Paulhus’ model, it seems that the difference between components is not in their level of consciousness but in manner of self-presentation

The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence, Obesity and Eating Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Mapping Review

Eating and weight disorders often develop early in life and cause a long-standing significant health burden. Given the documented role of emotional intelligence (EI) in shaping the body image and predicting the onset of eating disorders, knowledge of the mechanisms involved in EI among youth is fundamental to designing specific interventions for screening and prevention of obesity and eating disorders (EDs). The present systematic mapping review was aimed to explore and quantify the nature and distribution of existing research investigating the impact of EI on EDs in young people. A systematic search for relevant articles was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases. The Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) was used to assess the included studies' methodological quality. The included studies' results were mapped based on stratification by age groups (children, preadolescents, and adolescents), population (clinical vs. non-clinical) and disordered eating outcomes. Nine studies were included, supporting the association between EI and body image dissatisfaction, ED risk and bulimic symptomatology, but not with anorexic symptoms. Research on children and clinical populations was scant. Further studies are needed to deepen the role of EI in the genesis and maintenance of EDs

Predictors and moderators of outcome of psychotherapeutic interventions for mental disorders in adolescents and young adults : protocol for systematic reviews

Background: Adolescence and young adulthood is a risk period for the emergence of mental disorders. There is strong evidence that psychotherapeutic interventions are effective for most mental disorders. However, very little is known about which of the different psychotherapeutic treatment modalities are effective for whom. This large systematic review aims to address this critical gap within the literature on non-specific predictors and moderators of the outcomes of psychotherapeutic interventions among adolescents and young adults with mental disorders. Methods: The protocol is being reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) Statement. PubMed and PsycINFO databases will be searched for randomized controlled and quasi-experimental/naturalistic clinical trials. Risk of bias of all included studies will be assessed by the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The quality of predictor and moderator variables will be also assessed. A narrative synthesis will be conducted for all included studies. Discussion: This systematic review will strengthen the evidence base on effective mental health interventions for young people, being the first to explore predictors and moderators of outcome of psychotherapeutic interventions for a wide range of mental disorders in young people.Peer reviewe

The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence, Obesity and Eating Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Mapping Review

Eating and weight disorders often develop early in life and cause a long-standing significant health burden. Given the documented role of emotional intelligence (EI) in shaping the body image and predicting the onset of eating disorders, knowledge of the mechanisms involved in EI among youth is fundamental to designing specific interventions for screening and prevention of obesity and eating disorders (EDs). The present systematic mapping review was aimed to explore and quantify the nature and distribution of existing research investigating the impact of EI on EDs in young people. A systematic search for relevant articles was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases. The Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) was used to assess the included studies’ methodological quality. The included studies’ results were mapped based on stratification by age groups (children, preadolescents, and adolescents), population (clinical vs. non-clinical) and disordered eating outcomes. Nine studies were included, supporting the association between EI and body image dissatisfaction, ED risk and bulimic symptomatology, but not with anorexic symptoms. Research on children and clinical populations was scant. Further studies are needed to deepen the role of EI in the genesis and maintenance of EDs

How to Include Patients' Perspectives in the Study of the Mind: A Review of Studies on Depression

Depression has been widely studied by researchers from different fields, but its causes, and mechanism of action are still not clear. A difficulty emerges from the shifting from objective diagnosis or analysis to exploration of subjective feelings and experiences that influence the individuals' expression, communication and coping in facing depression. The integration of the experiential dimension of the first-person in studies on depression\u2013and related methodological recommendations\u2013are needed to improve the validity and generalizability of research findings. It will allow the development of timely and effective actions of care. Starting from providing a summary of the literature on theoretical assumptions and considerations for the study of the mind, with particular attention to the experiential dimension of patients with depression (aim #1 and #2), this contribution is aimed to provide practical suggestions for the design of research able to incorporate first- and third-person accounts (aim #3). It is also aimed to review qualified phenomenological methods for the acquisition and interpretation of experiential data in patients with depression (aim #4). Recognizing the first-person perspective in the study of depression is a major step toward a better understanding and treatment of this disorder. Theoretical constructs and technique suggestions that result from this review offer a valid starting point for the inclusion of the experiential dimension to common third-person research in the study of the mind

Predictors and moderators of outcome of psychotherapeutic interventions for mental disorders in adolescents and young adults: protocol for systematic reviews

Background: Adolescence and young adulthood is a risk period for the emergence of mental disorders. There is strong evidence that psychotherapeutic interventions are effective for most mental disorders. However, very little is known about which of the different psychotherapeutic treatment modalities are effective for whom. This large systematic review aims to address this critical gap within the literature on non-specific predictors and moderators of the outcomes of psychotherapeutic interventions among adolescents and young adults with mental disorders. Methods: The protocol is being reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) Statement. PubMed and PsycINFO databases will be searched for randomized controlled and quasi-experimental/naturalistic clinical trials. Risk of bias of all included studies will be assessed by the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The quality of predictor and moderator variables will be also assessed. A narrative synthesis will be conducted for all included studies. Discussion: This systematic review will strengthen the evidence base on effective mental health interventions for young people, being the first to explore predictors and moderators of outcome of psychotherapeutic interventions for a wide range of mental disorders in young people

The Impact of Social Isolation during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical and Mental Health: The Lived Experience of Adolescents with Obesity and Their Caregivers

Adolescence is a complex developmental phase, made more complex by obesity andthe social isolation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The literature related to the impact ofsocial isolation on obesity self-management in adolescents is scant and inconsistent. This paperdescribes the phenomenon from the perspectives of a sample of adolescents with obesity enrolled inan inpatients\u2019 multidisciplinary rehabilitation program for weight-loss and their caregivers, and itsimpact on different life domains. Individual semi-structured ad hoc interviews were conducted with10 adolescent-caregiver dyads, and narratives were qualitatively investigated using an interpretativephenomenology approach to data. Twenty participants took part in the study. The major themesthat emerged from this study fall into five basic categories: (1) COVID-19 as an opportunity toreconsider what makes a good life; (2) Persistence in life; (3) Empowering relationship; (4) Dailyroutine in quarantine; (5) Lives on hold. Understandings drawn from this study may assist healthcare professionals in providing holistic support, and guidance to adolescents with weight-relatedissues and their caregivers who experience social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemi

Teaching actively open-minded thinking online: encouraging effects of a serious computer game and an online module

Actively open-minded thinking (AOT) represents a standard for good judgment and decision making and people differ in their proneness to this way of thinking. Studies show that people inclined to AOT are less erroneous and biased on decision-making tasks, hold less unwarranted beliefs and are more accurate in a range of judgments. However, there are very few studies that tested the possibility of teaching AOT. In this study, we report results of an experiment in which we tested the effectiveness of our two newly developed online interventions for teaching AOT, a serious computer game and an online module. Results showed weak but encouraging effects of these interventions. Compared to the control group, the interventions managed to somewhat reduce overconfidence and myside bias, and in the short run increase participants' tendency to be actively open-minded in various everyday situations