Splenectomy and Thymectomy in Human Renal Homotransplantation

Five patients with terminal renal failure have been treated with renal homografts. Total body irradiation and cytotoxic drugs were used to prevent rejection. In addition, the thymus and spleen were surgically removed prior to the homotransplantation. Four of the 5 patients are alive with good renal function after 105 to 198 days. The role of thymectomy and splenectomy in conditioning patients for the receipt of homografts is highly speculative at present. However, the early success rate in this group of patients exceeds that generally attained with renal homografts, and appears to justify further clinical evaluation of this approach under carefully controlled experimental conditions. The data are insufficient to allow a recommendation for the general use of these adjuvant procedures. © 1963, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved

A Handbook to Aid in the Control and Coordination of the Athletic Program for the Moses Lake Schools, Moses Lake, Washington

As athletic director of the Moses Lake school system, it has been this writer\u27s responsibility to organize, coordinate and conduct the athletic program. Moses Lake has been undergoing a period of tremendous growth, which has resulted in an increase of student enrollment and the necessity of increasing the athletic program. To effectively operate a good program under this condition, it has become necessary to establish some method which will serve the following purposes: (1) the dissemination of information concerning the athletic program for coaches, administrators, teachers, students and parents; (2) the clarification of athletic philosophy, duties, standards and regulations; (3) the method of keeping the athletic program in balance with the rest of the educational program; (4) the ease of coordination of the over-all athletic program

Generic Proofs of Consensus Numbers for Abstract Data Types

The power of shared data types to solve consensus in asynchronous wait-free systems is a fundamental question in distributed computing, but is largely considered only for specific data types. We consider general classes of abstract shared data types, and classify types of operations on those data types by the knowledge about past operations that processes can extract from the state of the shared object. We prove upper and lower bounds on the number of processes which can use data types in these classes to solve consensus. Our results generalize the consensus numbers known for a wide variety of specific shared data types, such as compare-and-swap, augmented queues and stacks, registers, and cyclic queues. Further, since the classification is based directly on the semantics of operations, one can use the bounds we present to determine the consensus number of a new data type from its specification. We show that, using sets of operations which can detect the first change to the shared object state, or even one at a fixed distance from the beginning of the execution, any number of processes can solve consensus. However, if instead of one of the first changes, operations can only detect one of the most recent changes, then fewer processes can solve consensus. In general, if each operation can either change shared state or read it, but not both, then the number of processes which can solve consensus is limited by the number of consecutive recent operations which can be viewed by a single operation. Allowing operations that both change and read the shared state can allow consensus algorithms with more processes, but if the operations can only see one change a fixed number of operations in the past, we upper bound the number of processes which can solve consensus with a small constant

Prediction of Gas Lubricated Foil Journal Bearing Performance

This report summarizes the progress in the first eight months of the project. The objectives of this research project are to theoretically predict the steady operating conditions and the rotor dynamic coefficients of gas foil journal bearings. The project is currently on or ahead of schedule with the development of a finite element code that predicts steady bearing performance characteristics such as film thickness, pressure, load, and drag. Graphical results for a typical bearing are presented in the report. Project plans for the next year are discussed

Humoral Antibodies in Patients After Renal Homotransplantation.

Humoral antibodies have been demonstrated by antiglobulin consumption tests to be present in the serum of virtually all patients after renal homotransplantation. The most completely characterized was a γG immunoglobulin distinct from the Forssman antibody which reacts against sheep but not against human red cell antigens, and which absorbs selectively against panels of human liver, kidney or white blood cells. This antibody appeared within a few days or weeks after transplantation, usually shortly after a rejection episode, and was more or less continuously detectable thereafter. The antibody was found in all of 10 patients studied during the first 4 post-transplant months, and in 13 of 14 patients tested from 4 months to more than 2 years after operation. Preliminary observations are included on another humoral antibody which does not react with sheep RBC stromata, but which can also be measured with a modified antiglobulin consumption test. The latter antibody was less commonly demonstrable, but it also exhibited specific absorption characteristics when tested against a panel of leukocytes obtained from volunteers. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the possible value of such sera for histocompatibility typing, as well as the possible role of such antibodies in promoting homograft enhancement

Renal homografts in patients with major donor-recipient blood group incompatibilities

Three documented cases of clinical renal transplantation in which the donor and recipient patients had different major blood types have been presented. The relationship of the donor-recipient pairs ranged from that of sister-to-brother to that of totally unrelated patients of different races. The renal homografts were obtained from living donors in 2 cases and from a recently dead cadaver in the third. Renal function was prompt and excellent when living donors were used, and more indolent when a cadaver kidney subjected to a long period of ischemia was employed. Two of the patients have normal renal function after 74 and 49 days. The third patient died with rejection and sepsis 24 days after transplantation. This study demonstrates the feasibility of obtaining both immediate and prolonged renal function despite the presence of major blood group incompatibilities between donor and recipient patients. This knowledge should expand the donor pool, making it possible to transfer renal homografts under much less stringent requirements than has been the case in the past. © 1964

The effects of elevated temperature and dissolved �CO2 on a marine foundation species

Understanding how climate change and other environmental stressors will affect species is a fundamental concern of modern ecology. Indeed, numerous studies have documented how climate stressors affect species distributions and population persistence. However, relatively few studies have investigated how multiple climate stressors might affect species. In this study, we investigate the impacts of how two climate change factors affect an important foundation species. Specifically, we tested how ocean acidification from dissolution of CO2 and increased sea surface temperatures affect multiple characteristics of juvenile eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica). We found strong impacts of each stressor, but no interaction between the two. Simulated warming to mimic heat stressed summers reduced oyster growth, survival, and filtration rates. Additionally, we found that CO2-induced acidification reduced strength of oyster shells, which could potentially facilitate crab predation. As past studies have detected few impacts of these stressors on adult oysters, these results indicate that early life stages of calcareous marine organisms may be more susceptible to effects of ocean acidification and global warming. Overall, these data show that predicted changes in temperature and CO2 can differentially influence direct effects on individual species, which could have important implications for the nature of their trophic interactions.ECU Open Access Publishing Fun