The performance of modified jatropha-based nanofluid during turning process

The industry's extensive use of petroleum-based metalworking fluid (MWF) harms the environment and humans. The production of bio-based MWF, especially from crude jatropha oil (CJO), has therefore taken numerous initiatives. This aimed to formulate newly modified jatropha oil (MJO) with the addition of 0.05wt.% hBN and 0.05wt.% MoS2 as the nanofluid for MWF. The performance of the nanofluids was determined through the turning process in terms of cutting temperature, workpiece surface roughness, tool life and tool wear of the tool lubricated by the nanofluids. The performance of the nanofluid samples was compared with the synthetic ester (SE). From the results, after conducted 100mm axial cutting length MJO+hBN+MoS2 recorded the lowest in cutting temperature and surface roughness compared to all samples. The result shows that MJO+hBN+MoS2 has longer tool life (6500mm) compared to SE (6000mm). Abrasion and adhesion were observed as the dominant tool wear mechanism. In conclusion, MJO+hBN+MoS2 shows better machining performance and has the potential to be an environmentally friendly metalworking fluid

Experimental analysis of tribological performance of modified jatropha oil enriched with nanoparticle additives for machining application

The intensified developments of the vegetable-based metalworking fluids have been growing rapidly due to the environmental and health issue of the utilization of the mineral based oil. The vegetable oils are a great potential substitution of the mineral based oil which has been explored in recent years due to their high biodegradability, renewability and low toxicity in comparable with mineral oil. Non-edible vegetable oil had attracted an attention of the researches in contrast with edible oil which significantly compete with the human food supply. The main focus of this study was to evaluate a new formulation of vegetable-based nanofluid from chemically modified jatropha oil (MJO) blended with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), graphene and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles at 0.05 wt.% concentration. The physicochemical testing was carried out in term of kinematic viscosity, viscosity index and flash point and was compare with commercial synthetic ester (SE). The analysis of MJO mixed with nanoparticles in the perspective of it tribological has been performed through a four ball tribo testing to determine the coefficient of friction, mean wear scar diameter, friction torque, surface roughness and volume wear rate. The results showed that the tribological performance the MJO+0.05wt.% CuO exhibit lowest value in of coefficient of friction and friction torque followed by MJO+0.05wt.% graphene, MJO+0.05wt.% hBN and SE. Nevertheless, the MJO+0.05wt.% graphene and MJO+0.05wt.% hBN provided the significant improvement by providing the lowest value of the mean wear scar diameter and surface roughness respectively. It concluded that the modified jatropha oil enriched with nanoparticles had a great improvement on their tribological performance, hence it’s a highly potential substitution of the SE for machining process

Financial Technologies: a Note on Mobile Payment

The financial market is currently disrupted by the rise of new technologies "FinTech” a short form for financial technology, which profoundly reshapes the financial intermediary structure and makes financial services more efficient. Mobile technology with Internet-enabled devices are the next logical phase of the World Wide Web campaign such as mobile phone taking over the mass market and will fundamentally change the way products are buy and sell as well as financial services especially the mobile payment system. This research examines changes payment method in financial services, particularly those involving mobile payments that can create new channels for consumers to purchase goods and services using mobile phone. Mobile payment application is ready to replace traditional cash, checks, credit and debit card throughout the country. In this stage of development, the current situation of mobile payment market, review the previous literature on mobile payment services, analysis use of mobile payment worldwide and various initiatives use mobile phones to offer financial services for those ‘unbanked\u27

Empowerment of Sheep Farmers Groups and Increasing Their Economic Values

The research was conducted at the Cinyurup Village, Juhut Village, Karang Tengah District, in the Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province in 2019. The research used a survey method. The study was conducted through interviews and questionnaires for 3 groups of farmers and one group of independent farmers: (1) Karya Mandiri farmers Group of 25 farmers, (2) Cinyurup Mandiri farmers group of 17 farmers, (3) Taruna Mandiri farmers group of 7 farmers (4) Independent farmers included 9 breeders, total number of respondents was 57 breeders. Based on the information that the sheep population was large, it becomes a criterion for consideration of the study area. Primary and secondary data are analyzed descriptively, quantitatively and economically. The purpose of this study were to determine the empowerment of sheep breeders and to increase their economic value. The results of the study showed that, the profit in the group I was IDR.3.101,625 with R/C of 1.5 higher, the profits of the group II and III amounted to IDR.2.339.875 with R/C 1.4, and IDR.1,174,000 with R/C 1.3 lower, respectively. The profit for independent farmers amounted to IDR.1,606,250 with R/C of 1.3 and there was an increase in the value of profits compared to the group III. Sheep business operated by both the 3 groups of farmers and independent farmers is economically feasible. Lambs are still maintained as a sustainable investment to produce offspring for the following year. To increase sheep business, it is necessary to empower farmers to be more active and move towards commercial businesses directly. Keywords: sheep breeders, empowerment, and economic valu

Response of suction distribution due to variations of permeability in residual soil slope

A landslide in residual soil normally occurs immediately after heavy rainfall. Previous studies have shown that decrease in matric suction during rainfall decreases the shear strength of soil and results in landslides. One of the factors that contribute to infiltration of water into soil is permeability of the soil which varies with depth. The variations of permeability can either prevent or allow water to infiltrate into deeper soil layer. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the suction distribution in a two-layered residual soil system with variable permeability function using laboratory physical slope model. The Ksat for Grade V varies from 5.11 × 10-4 m/s for relict joint of 100 mm spacing to 5.40 × 10-5 m/s for relict joint of 300 mm spacing. Meanwhile the Ksat for Grade VI represent Grade VI without burrow holes, 5.00 × 10-7 m/s and Ksat with burrow holes, 6.98 × 10-4 m/s. The infiltration tests were conducted for 12 series of experimental program. The suction distribution due to variations of permeability and rainfall intensity were determined. The results illustrated that suction distribution responded in various ways depending on permeability of the layered soil and also the rainfall intensity

Sikap Petani terhadap Penerpan Teknologi Budidaya Kedelai Lahan Pasang Surut (di Kelurahan Simpang Kecamatan Berbak Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur)

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang sikap petani terhadap penerapan teknologi budidaya kedelai di lahan pasang surut dengan tujuan mengetahui sikap petani terhadap penerapan teknologi budidaya kedelai di lahan pasang surut danmengetahui hubungan sikap petani terhadap penerapan teknologi budidaya kedelai di lahan pasang surut. Tinggi rendahnya USAhatani kedelai ini dipengaruhi oleh sikap petani itu sendiri yang didalamnya terdiri dari afektif, kognitif dan konatif. Komponen kognitif berisi kepercayaan seseorang mengenai apa yang berlaku atau apa yang benar bagi objek sikap, komponen afektif menyangkut masalah emosional subjektif seseorang terhadap suatu objek sikap dan komponen konatif menunjukkan bagaimana prilaku atau kecenderungan berprilaku yang ada dalam diri seseorang berkaitan dengan sikap yang dihadapinya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 29 April sampai 29 Mei 2013 di Kelurahan Simpang Kecamatan Berbak Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur.Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini terdiri dari data primer dan data skunder. Untuk memperoleh data yang lebih mendalam dilakukan wawancara dengan bantuan kuisioner dengan pemberian score pada setiap pertanyaan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan data bahwa sikap petani yang terdiri dari aspek kognitif, afektif dan konatif terhadap penerapan tekonologi budidaya kedelai di lahan pasang surut tergolong tinggi dengan kesimpulan bahwa konsep sikap dan penerapan teknologi di daerah penelitian terlaksana dengan baik

Compaction pressure, wall friction and surface roughness upon compaction strength of Andrographis paniculata tablets

A well-known Malaysian herb, Andrographis paniculata was used in this study. This herb is famous at reducing sugar levels for diabetic patients. In this study, the herb was compressed into tablets. A compressed tablet, which is a universal form in modern medicine, needs to meet certain mechanical strength criteria in order to withstand post-compaction loading such as coating, handling, packaging and storage. The objectives of this work were to investigate the effects of compaction pressure, wall friction and surface roughness upon compaction strength of A. paniculata herb during compression. A universal testing machine with pressures ranging from 15 to 30 MPa was used to compact the herb using a 20-mm-diameter cylindrical stainless steel uniaxial die. The tensile strength of the tablet increased as the compaction pressure increased. During compression, as the amount of powder being compressed increased, the tensile strength increased, and from the surface roughness test, the coefficient of wall friction and angle of wall friction decreased. In general, the compaction pressure, the wall friction and surface roughness plays a significant role in tabletting; hence, in producing a tough and coherent tablet

Comparison on Accuracy of Logistic, Gompertz and Von Bertalanffy Models in Predicting Growth of New Born Calf Until First Mating of Holstein Friesian Heifers

The body weight records of 1221 heifers were used in this study collected from PT Taurus DairyFarm Sukabumi from year 2001 until 2011. The records that could be used for analysis were 373 out of1221 heifers, having completed data from birth to first mating period. Three different models i.e,Logistic, Gompertz, and von Bertalanffy were performed to analyze the growth rate of heifers. Theresults showed that the three models had different accuracy and heavily depend on age, environment andduration of recording. The body weights of sexual maturity and on certain ages were affected by theduration of recording. The Gompertz model was performed as the simpliest model in form ofcalculation. On the other hand, the Logistic was more difficult to calculate. All models indicated highaccuracy with the determination coefficient (R2) more than 90%. Based on the comparison, theGompertz and Logistic model are recommended for predicting the growth rate of heifers from birth tosexual maturity

Temperature and heat flux measurement techniques for aeroengine fire test: a review

This review is made of studies whereby some types of fire test measuring instrument were compared based on their mode of operation, sensing ability, temperature resistance and their calibration mode used for aero-engine applications. The study discusses issues affecting temperature and heat flux measurement, methods of measurement, calibration and uncertainties that occur in the fire test. It is found that the temperature and heat flux measurements of the flame from the standard burner need to be corrected and taken into account for radiation heat loss. Methods for temperature and heat flux measurements, as well as uncertainties analysis, were also discussed

Decolorization of reactive red-120 by using macrofungus and microfungus

The objectives of the study are to investigate the growth of Aspergillus sp. and Pleurotus sp. and decolorization of Reactive Red – 120 in Minimal Salt Solution (MSS). The growths of fungi were measured every 3 days by using spectrophotometer at 540 nm. For decolorization, the fungi were cultured in 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L of dye concentration. Furthermore, pH of 5, 7 and 9 were used to determine the optimum pH for dye decolorization. The 10 mg/L concentration and pH 5 were chosen as optimum conditions with the maximum performance of reactive dye decolorization ranging of 60%-70%. The Aspergillus sp. was more efficient todecolourize synthetic dye Reactive Red – 120 when compared to Pleurotus sp. This study contributes to the knowledge of mycoremediation and product of mycoremediation kit that could be developed and applied in industry.Keywords: aspergillus sp.; dye decolorization; mycoremediation; pleurotus sp.; reactive red – 120; synthetic dye