Structural-functional development policies for converted villages to cities for ordering urban network. Case of East Azerbaijan Province/Iran

In IRAN Converting villages to new city centers is realized for the purpose of ordering urban networks via establishing new cities to service rural jurisdictions. But after converting to city, they have no special development plan and their authorities actually do not know about the problems to face with. This research has been done on 12 converted villages to cities in East Azerbaijan province (IRAN) by determining 100 indices in 9 main groups and using questionnaire, official data as well as geographical maps. After scoring each item and placing in a SWOT matrix it could be possible to propose special policies and plans for each settlements. The method can be easily applied in rural centers and small cities to help local authorities to make proper developmental decisions.Keywords: Converted villages to city centers, urban network, SWOT analysis, East Azerbaijan province in IRA

Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Floor Dust of Yazd Mechanical Workplaces

Background: Workplaces have increased the risk of environmental pollutions. The aim of this study was to evaluate heavy metal pollution in the floor dust of mechanical workplaces in Yazd city. Methods: This cross-sectional analytic study was conducted in 2014. Through stratified random sampling, 30 mechanical workplaces in Yazd, Iran were selected. After sampling, the concentration of heavy metals in samples was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The potential environmental risk index (RI), integrated pollution index (IPI), contamination factor (Cf), the modified degree of Contamination (mCd) and Pearson correlation coefficient in SPSS v.23 were used for data analyses. Results: The trend of concentration of heavy metals in the floor dust particles of mechanical workplaces was Fe>Zn>Cu>Pb>Mn>Cr>Cd. Hence, mean concentration of Fe in the samples was 27095 mg kg-1 and that of Cd was 31 mg kg-1. According to Pearson correlation test, Mn had a significant correlation with Cr, Fe, and Cu at the 0.01 significance level. Also, RI showed that Yazd mechanical workplaces have a considerable degree of risk. Conclusion: The results showed very high levels of pollution by cadmium, lead and copper in mechanical workshops that can be due to the interaction of heavy metals in workplace scraps with dust from man-made origin

Designing a Structural Model of Psychological Factors Affecting the Development of Motivation towards Participation in Sports among Children

Background: Identifying the factors motivating children to participate in sport activities, such as football, is of great importance. That mentioned, the present study aimed to investigate the internal and external psychological factors affecting the development of children’s motivation to participate in football activities.Method: In this study, we used descriptive-correlation method via structural equation modelling. We recruited 129 male children aged 11 to 14 years old who attended football schools of Tehran, Iran, in 2022. Moreover, the research variables were measured with a self-made questionnaire, including 32 items for assessing eight factors (four internal and four external factors). We also utilized structural equation method via Lisrel for examining the structural relationships among the research variables.Results: The participants’ body mass index (BMI) was in a normal range {median of 16.50(1.45)]. The results showed that both internal factors (attractiveness of sports, T=4.828; sense of responsibility, T=5.618; challenge spirit, T=3.117; sense of advancement, T=4.909) and external ones (team climate, T=2.847; social encouragement and support, T=5.108; content of practice, T=4.010; coach support, T=5.552) had significant and direct effects on children’s motivation to participate in football. Furthermore, the results of model fit revealed the good fit (RMSEA=0.05) of our model.Conclusion: It was found to be necessary that coaches make efforts to meet children’s basic psychological needs (including autonomy, competence, and relatedness) in order to increase intrinsic motivation in children

Measurement of the lethal concentration of thyme essential oils in rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss)

The importance of the use of medicinal plants against infectious and non-infectious diseases is completely obvious. The replacement of synthetic drugs due to their multiple properties in the prevention and treatment of many diseases, particularly in the aquaculture industry seems to be very important. This study was performed with the aim of assessing the acute toxicity (LC_50-96) of thyme essential oil on rainbow trout. To study the effect of the essential oils, 80 premature rainbow trout with an average weight of 10±0.5 in 9-liter tanks were exposed to different concentrations of essential oils of thyme and daily losses based on OECD protocol were calculated during 96 hours. All the physical and chemical factors such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrite, nitrate, ammonium levels, electrical conductivity and water hardness were measured in different treatments. The acute toxicity of the essential oil of thyme was calculated using probit analysis and a concentration of 4.4 ppm was determined

Voltammetric Determination of Homocysteine Using Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrode in the Presence of Chlorpromazine as a Mediator

We propose chlorpromazine (CHP) as a new mediator for the rapid, sensitive, and highly selective voltammetric determination of homocysteine (Hcy) using multiwall carbon nanotube paste electrode (MWCNTPE). The experimental results showed that the carbon nanotube paste electrode has a highly electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of Hcy in the presence of CHP as a mediator. Cyclic voltammetry, double potential step chronoamperometry, and square wave voltammetry (SWV) are used to investigate the suitability of CHP at the surface of MWCNTPE as a mediator for the electrocatalytic oxidation of Hcy in aqueous solutions. The kinetic parameters of the system, including electron transfer coefficient, and catalytic rate constant were also determined using the electrochemical approaches. In addition, SWV was used for quantitative analysis. SWV showed wide linear dynamic range (0.1–210.0 μM Hcy) with a detection limit of 0.08 μM Hcy. Finally, this method was also examined as a selective, simple, and precise electrochemical sensor for the determination of Hcy in real samples

Comparison of morphological variations and some biological features of brown trout Salmo trutta fario resident in Chesli and Khorma rivers in Guilan

The morphological variations and sexual dimorphism of brown trout Salmo trutta morpha fario residual were studied in two rivers, Chesli and Khorma, in western and eastern of Guilan province using 39 morphometric and 13 meristic characteristics. Univariate analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA) revealed significant differences of varying degrees between the means of the two samples for 25 standardized morphometric measurements and six meristic counts, showing relatively high phenotypic variations between the two populations. No significant differences were observed between males and females, indicating that no sexual dimorphism exists in the studied fish. Plotting of discriminant functions, 1 and 2, for morphometric and meristic characteristics revealed completely obvious separation with 100% divergence between the species of the two areas. Only in Chesli River some differences were observed between males and females according to the meristic’ second function, while there were no morphological differences between males and females in Khorma River. On the average, the correctness of assignment of individuals into their original populations based on their morphometric and meristic characteristics was 87.4% and 70.1 %, respectively

Diagnostic value of standard electrocardiogram in acute right ventricular myocardial infarction

Myocardial infarction (MI) (i.e., heart attack) is the irreversible death (necrosis) of heart muscle secondary to prolonged lack of oxygen supply (ischemia) which accounts for a large number of deaths in the hospital. Diagnosis of myocardial infarction is confirmed based on clinical manifestations and electrocardiographic changes along with increased cardiac enzymes. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the safest and easiest methods in the first place. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of standard electrocardiogram in the diagnosis of acute right ventricular infarction following lower cardiac infarction. This research was carried out at a time interval of one and a half years to diagnose acute primary infarction. In this method, the diagnostic value of ST↓ in lead I, ST↓ in lead aVL and I ST↓ + aVL, compared with ST↑ in lead V4R was investigated for diagnosis of right ventricular infarction. ST↑ in the lead V4R is a gold standard for the detection of right ventricular MI. All the patients who had the inclusion criteria were allowed to participate in the study. A total of 66 patients participated in the study. Accordingly, 58 (87%) were male and 8 (13%) were female. The mean age of the population was 54.9 ± 11.41. According to the ST↑ standard in lead V4R, 26 patients (39%) had right ventricular myocardial infarction. There was no significant relationship between angina pectoris and premature infarction (P-Value = 0.869). In this study, the right ventricular was most commonly involved in right coronary artery (RCA) (78%). There was no significant relationship between the occlusion of right coronary artery and right ventricular infarction in 60 patients (P-Value = 0.94). The results showed that electrocardiogram manifestations help determine the occlusion site and the area at risk (ST↓ in lead aVL and aVL + I, sensitivity = 96%). In myocardial infarction, symptoms such as the ST-Segment elevation in lead aVR and ST-Segment depression in the lower leads are possible. Accordingly, in the lower infarction, ST changes in the leads V1-V6 are helpful in detecting patients at risk. Thus, the use of electrocardiogram in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) helps detect more invasive patients and prevents extensive myocardial damage and other complications