O PADRÃO DE RECRUTAMENTO DE Macrobrachium amazonicum (CRUSTACEA, DECAPODA, PALAEMONIDAE) EM DUAS ÁREA DA FOZ DO RIO AMAZONAS, AMAPÁ, BRASIL

Macrobrachium amazonicum is an indigenous prawn vastly distributed in basins of South America, widely exploited by artisanal fisheries in northern and northeastern Brazil and, with great potential for aquaculture. The recruitment pattern of Macrobrachium amazonicum at the Amazon River mouth, State of Amapá was studied for a period of twelve months from January to December of 2009. In this work, 5092 specimens were captured at the two selected sites. The sex ratios obtained in both sites were similar with 1 male to 1.46 females and 1 male to 1.31 females, respectively. The smallest captured specimens measured 10.07 mm. About 91% of juveniles, between 23.00 mm and 33.00 mm of standard length, integrated for the first time the exploitable stock. Ovigerous females of M. amazonicum were found during the entire year; however, the peak reproductive period was December to April when 18 to 34% of the females were ovigerous, coinciding with higher rainfall. The presence of ovigerous females and juvenile shrimps throughout the year observed in the Amazon River suggests that recruitment of M. amazonicum was continuous and that breeding activity is all year round. The recruitment pattern of M. amazonicum occurred throughout the year, showing a major peak in the month of July. The growth parameters obtained for the recruited prawns were L∞ = 95 mm of standard length, K = 0.83 cm.month-1, C = 1.0, WP = 0.6 and t0 = 0. The size and number of juvenile shrimps caught in this study indicates that the traps in use has very closed cracks and can be affecting the local structure of M. amazonicum populations, given the considerably decreased volume and size of shrimps caught reported by local fishermen. The size at first maturity and number of juvenile prawns caught for M. amazonicum in the present study, suggested that the minimum size of capture is is between 60.0 and 70.0 mm.Keywords: Amazon Region; prawns fishing; reproduction; juvenile prawns.Macrobrachium amazonicum é uma espécie nativa vastamente distribuída nas bacias da América do Sul, sendo largamente explorada por pescadores artesanais no Norte e Nordeste do Brasil e com grande potencial para aquicultura. O padrão de recrutamento de Macrobrachium amazonicum da foz do rio Amazonas, estado do Amapá foi estudado entre janeiro e dezembro de 2009. Foram capturados e examinados 5.092 exemplares. As proporções sexuais foram similares entre as duas áreas estudas com 1 macho: 1,46 fêmeas e 1 macho: 1.31 fêmeas, respectivamente. Os menores camarões capturados mediram 10.07 mm. Cerca de 91% dos juvenis, que integram pela primeira vez o estoque pesqueiro explorado, apresentam-se entre 23,00 mm e 33,00 mm de comprimento padrão. Fêmeas ovígeras de M. amazonicum foram encontradas durante todo o ano inteiro, contudo, o pico de reprodução foi observado entre dezembro e abril, quando 18 a 34% das fêmeas estavam ovígeras, coincidindo com o período chuvoso. A presença de fêmeas ovígeras e camarões juvenis foi observada ao longo do ano no Rio Amazonas sugerindo que o recrutamento de M. amazonicum seja contínuo e a atividade povoamento ocorra o ano inteiro. O recrutamento de M. amazonicum foi observado o ano inteiro, com um grande pico em julho. Os parâmetros de crescimento obtidos para o recrutamento dos camarões foi L∞ = 95 mm de comprimento padrão, K = 0.83 cm.mês-1, C = 1.0, WP = 0.6 e t0 = 0. O tamanho e o número de camarões juvenis capturados neste estudo indicam que os matapis em uso tem frestas muito fechadas e podem estar afetando a estrutura populacional de M. amazonicum, dada a diminuição considerável do volume e tamanho dos camarões capturados relatados pelos pescadores locais. O tamanho da primeira maturação e número de camarões juvenis reportados no presente estudo, sugerem que o tamanho mínimo de captura para o camarão-da-Amazônia esteja entre 60,0 e 70,0 mm.Palavras-chave: Região Amazônica, pesca de camarões, reprodução, camarões juvenis

A antropização urbana:: desafios de elaboração de Políticas Públicas de Gestão Ambiental no Amapá

The article analyzes according to an environmental perspective the urban anthropization of the flooded area of neighborhood Remédios, Santana city, State of Amapá, the diagnosis and the challenges of elaborating public policies to confront this phenomenon. In order to confront the local reality from the "look" of social actors and the discourse of municipal management in the formulation of policies to respond to local demands. The environmental public management model is discussed within the concepts of “doing it” and planning toreveal the model of municipal management.O artigo analisa, sob a ótica ambiental, a antropização urbana da ressaca do bairro dos Remédios, Santana, Estado do Amapá, o diagnóstico e os desafios de elaboração de políticas públicas de enfrentamento desse fenômeno. Com objetivo de diagnosticar a realidade local a partir do “olhar” dos atores sociais e do discurso da gestão municipal na formulação de políticas de respostas às demandas socioambientais. Discute-se o modelo de gestão pública ambiental dentro dos conceitos de fazejamento e planejamento para revelar qual o modeloda gestão municipal

Approaches to Evaluation of Self-Purification in Estuarine Rivers of Souhteast of Amapá State - Brazil

There are a number of reasons that make Amazon estuary an important natural water resource. First, it is biologically productive being the spawning and nursery ground for many important aquatic biota. Second, it serves as receiving waters for wastewater discharges and for navigation use. Third, it has been demonstrating its elevated dilution and self-purification capacity for constituents of the water, principally bacteria, toxic substances, organic material and nutrients. Many cities and small ports of the State of the Amapá located on estuaries and coastal zones are ready affecting their quality through runoff, domestic and industrial wastewater. So, the present research evaluated the water quality in four rivers located close to the periurban areas of Macapá and Santana and rural area of Mazagão municipality. The main objective is to diagnostic the spatial-temporal distribution of some variables and parameters of the water quality, considering important factors as atrophic, hydrologic and climatologic effects in streams sanitation

ESTUDO AMBIENTAL DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO IGARAPÉ FORTALEZA

The Fortaleza Creek Watershed has an area of approximately 193 km2, and its main water course is a tributary of the Amazon River. This watershed, despite of being one of the smallest of the Amapa State, wraps the two main cities of the state, Macapa - the capital and Santana, originating many environmental degradation processes. This work has the objective of presenting the results of a socio-environmental study at the Fortaleza creek watershed, based on the IKONOS II satellite image, obtained in the year 2001. This study allowed to identify with precision the phyto-ecology remaining units present in the watershed and interactions in which they are exposed due to the intense urban expansion process. It is given special attention to the wetlands that surrounds or permeates the urban areas and suffers a strong irregular occupation process compromising not only their biological aspects, but also their important environmental services.A Bacia Hidrográfica do Igarapé da Fortaleza ocupa uma área de aproximadamente 193 km2, cujo curso principal é um dos tributários do rio Amazonas. Apesar de ser uma das menores bacias hidrográficas do Amapá, ela abriga duas maiores cidades do estado do Amapá - Macapá, a capital e Santana, originando vários processos de degradação ambiental. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar resultados de um estudo socioambiental na bacia hidrográfica do igarapé Fortaleza, baseado na análise de imagens do satélite IKONOS II, coletadas no ano de 2001. O estudo permitiu identificar as unidades fitoecológicas remanescentes presentes na bacia e as interações a que estão expostas diante do intenso processo de expansão urbana. É dada especial atenção aos ambientes de áreas úmidas que circundam ou permeiam os núcleos urbanos e sofrem um forte processo de ocupação irregular comprometendo não apenas seus aspectos biológicos, mas também seus importantes serviços ambientais

Export of <SUP>13</SUP>C-depleted dissolved inorganic carbon from a tidal forest bordering the Amazon estuary

International audienceTidal wetlands play a significant role in the coastal carbon cycle and exchange material with the atmosphere and coastal ocean. Here, we report on changes in dissolved inorganic carbon speciation and isotopic composition throughout a 24 h cycle (2 tidal cycles) in Feb. 2007 in a channel connecting the Amazon estuary to the basin of a tidal forest. At this site, tropical forest soils are inundated at high tide by estuarine freshwater, and temporal concentration changes in the channel reflect exchanges between the forest and estuary. Our data show an export of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the form of excess CO2 and, to a much lesser extent, CH4. However, the tidal forest traps suspended sediments. Mixing plots of DIC versus conductivity showed that the DIC originated from the tidal forest soil, with a negligible contribution from the local watershed. Evolution of the isotopic signature of DIC reveals a 13C-depleted source (-56.9 ± 3.3‰), presumably originating from a dominant methanogenic pathway of carbon mineralization followed by almost complete CH4 oxidation in the organic clay-rich freshwater soil

Coastal bacterioplankton community diversity along a latitudinal gradient in Latin America by means of V6 tag pyrosequencing

10 p. : il.The bacterioplankton diversity of coastal waters along a latitudinal gradient between Puerto Rico and Argentina was analyzed using a total of 134,197 high-quality sequences from the V6 hypervariable region of the small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene (16S rRNA) (mean length of 60 nt). Most of the OTUs were identified into Proteobacteria, Bacteriodetes, Cyanobacteria, and Actinobacteria, corresponding to approx. 80% of the total number of sequences. The number of OTUs corresponding to species varied between 937 and 1946 in the seven locations. Proteobacteria appeared at high frequency in the seven locations. An enrichment of Cyanobacteria was observed in Puerto Rico, whereas an enrichment of Bacteroidetes was detected in the Argentinian shelf and Uruguayan coastal lagoons. The highest number of sequences of Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria were obtained in the Amazon estuary mouth. The rarefaction curves and Good coverage estimator for species diversity suggested a significant coverage, with values ranging between 92 and 97% for Good coverage. Conserved taxa corresponded to aprox. 52% of all sequences. This study suggests that human contaminated environments may inXuence bacterioplankton diversity