Nutritional Intakes of Obese Elementary School Children Residing in the Shimokita Peninsula of Aomori, Japan

This research examined the lifestyles and eating habits of 42 elementary school fifth graders(20 boys and 22 girls) over a 3-day period; these children resided in theShimokita Peninsula, Aomori prefecture, which has the highest childhood obesityrate in Japan. The children’s nutritionalintakes were recorded via questionnaires and self-documented meal recorddiaries overa 3-day period (1 weekday and the weekend). The meal record diaries recorded which meals the children ate (including snacks) during the 3-day period. A regular feature of these children’s lifestyle was theviewing of at least 3 hours of television per day. Compared with the National Health and Nutrition Survey conductedby the Japanese government, the nutritionaland energy intake levels were the same but when we examined food group intakes,the vegetable intake was lower on weekends in comparison to the weekdays whenthe children were provided school lunches. In addition, salt intake exceededthe recommended standard in more than 80% of the study sample. We suggest thatthe pattern of reduced vegetable intake juxtaposed with high salt intake stemsfrom childhood and is repeated and passed down through generations; therefore, theguardians of these children require nutritional guidance and education

Food Pyramid for Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD) with its Efficacy and Actual Intake

U radu je prikazan glavni projekt poslovno-stambene zgrade u Put Brodarice u Splitu. Građevina se sastoji od dva dijela, a to su niži i viši toranj s ukupno 4, odnosno 6 katova iznad prizemlja i garažom ispod zemlje kojom su tornjevi povezani. Građevina je izvedena u armiranom betonu monolitnom izvedbom s armirano-betonskim temeljima, stupovima, zidovima te armirano betonskim pločama kao međukatnim konstrukcijama. Projekt sadrži: tehnički opis konstrukcije, proračun nosivih konstrukcijskih elemenata te karakteristične građevinske nacrte.Main design of the business and residential building, which is positioned in Put Brodarice street in Split, is presented in this work. The building has two parts. There are lower and higher tower with 4 and 6 floors above the ground floor and the garage underground to which the towers are connected with. The building is made of reinforced concrete in monolithic construction with reinforced concrete foundations, walls, columns, beams and reinforced concrete plates as ceiling slabs. The project includes: technical description of the construction, calculation of bearing structural elements and characteristic construction design

Nutritional Intakes of Obese Elementary School Children Residing in the Shimokita Peninsula of Aomori, Japan

This researchexamined the lifestyles and eating habits of 42 elementary school fifth graders(20 boys and 22 girls) over a 3-day period; these children resided in theShimokita Peninsula, Aomori prefecture, which has the highest childhood obesityrate in Japan. The childrens nutritionalintakes were recorded via questionnaires and self-documented meal recorddiaries overa 3-day period (1 weekday and the weekend). The meal record diaries recorded which meals the children ate (including snacks) during the 3-day period. A regular feature of these childrens lifestyle was theviewing of at least 3 hours of television per day. Compared with the National Health and Nutrition Survey conductedby the Japanese government, the nutritionaland energy intake levels were the same but when we examined food group intakes,the vegetable intake was lower on weekends in comparison to the weekdays whenthe children were provided school lunches. In addition, salt intake exceededthe recommended standard in more than 80% of the study sample. We suggest thatthe pattern of reduced vegetable intake juxtaposed with high salt intake stemsfrom childhood and is repeated and passed down through generations; therefore, theguardians of these children require nutritional guidance and education

Spicule Dynamics over Plage Region

We studied spicular jets over a plage area and derived their dynamic characteristics using Hinode Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) high-resolution images. The target plage region was near the west limb of the solar disk. This location permitted us to study the dynamics of spicular jets without the overlapping effect of spicular structures along the line of sight. In this work, to increase the ease with which we can identify spicules on the disk, we applied the image processing method `MadMax' developed by Koutchmy et al. (1989). It enhances fine, slender structures (like jets), over a diffuse background. We identified 169 spicules over the target plage. This sample permits us to derive statistically reliable results regarding spicular dynamics. The properties of plage spicules can be summarized as follows: (1) In a plage area, we clearly identified spicular jet features. (2) They were shorter in length than the quiet region limb spicules, and followed ballistic motion under constant deceleration. (3) The majority (80%) of the plage spicules showed the cycle of rise and retreat, while 10% of them faded out without a complete retreat phase. (4) The deceleration of the spicule was proportional to the velocity of ejection (i.e. the initial velocity).Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in PAS

Follow-up Results of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy using the Dye-Only Method for Breast Cancer

To demonstrate the validity of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) using the indocyanine green dye method (dye only method), we compared the survival of breast cancer patients negative to SLNB without axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) (SLNB group) to that of lymph node-negative patients undergoing ALND (ALND group). We studied a total of 174 patients with T1-2N0 invasive breast cancer diagnosed at our university hospital clinical department between 2000 and 2008, with follow-up till 31 December 2009, retrospectively. The SLNB group consisted of 108 SLNB-negative women without additional ALND (median follow-up, 25 months), diagnosed between May 2005 and 2008. The ALND group consisted of 66 axillary lymph node-negative women (median follow-up, 75 months) treated with ALND between 2000 and April 2005. SLNB was performed during operation by periareolar injection using indocyanine green. All sentinel lymph nodes were examined using the largest section along the major axis, and permanent sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. In the SLNB group, no patients developed axillary recurrence during the 25-month median follow-up. The 4.5-year distant disease free survival and overall survival rates were 90.9% and 91.9%, respectively. The survival rate in the SLNB group was equivalent to that in the ALND group. This suggests that SLNB with the dye only method can safely replace ALND as the procedure of choice for axillary staging in breast cancer patients with a clinically negative axilla

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We examined the detergency of soap and laundry detergent using the artificially soiled cloth test and the bundle test. (1) In the test of the artificially soiled cloth, two kinds of cloth were used and examined. The organically soiled cloth, which is close to the naturally soiled one, became cleaner than the artificially soiled cloth based on the criteria of \u27The Japan Oil Chemists\u27 Society\u27 when laundry detergent was used. (2) We got higher detergency of soap when we used the artificially soiled cloth based on the criteria of \u27The Japan Oil Chemists\u27 Society.\u27 The detergency of soap was especially high at a lower temperature. (3) Three types of machines were used when we washed. We got the highest detergency with the Terg-O-Tometer, next with the Scrab-O-Meter and finally with the Incubator. In the case of the Scrab-O-Meter, we got higher detergency of soap at a lower temperature. (4) In the bundle test, we reproduced the same conditions as an underwear which was used in everyday life. That is, the underwear was repeatedly worn and washed ten times. In this case, detergent had a higher detergency than soap. (5) In the bundle test, the detergency of both soap and detergent in the 0.2% solution was higher than that in the 0.05% solution. In the case of the 0.2% solution, we got a higher detergency from the detergent than the soap. (6) Comparing with the artificially soiled cloth test with the bundle test, the detergency of soap was always higher when we made a test of washing the artificially soiled cloth only once. But in the bundle test, the detergency of detergent was higher because soap tended to accumulate in the cloth

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We tested the detergency of the cleaning agents (i. e., soap solution, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, and linear alkylbenzen sulfonate which were mixed with Na_5P_3O_) in the casces of cotton, polyester fabric and polypropylene fabric which had been soiled by ferric oxide. The following are the results of the test which we got by comparing the rate of detergency efficiency calculated from the rate of surface reflectivity, with the rate of desorption calculated from the amount of Fe_2O_3 on the soiled fabrics. (1) The most marked detergency was recognized in the case of the po1yester fabric when it was cleaned by any detergent agent mixed with Na_5P_3O_. (2) Of the three surface active agents, SDS, and LAS showed the most marked effect on the soiled fabrics when they were mixed with Na_5P_3O_ respectively. (3) We examined the detergency of three detergents (soap solution, LAS, SDS ) taking into account their desorption also. And as the result of the examination it was found out that these different detergents had the different effects upon the soiled fabrics but the same trend of the efficiency of cleaning was recognized on the graph among them

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As a basic study of the degradation of the fabric of the cloth in washing, we did the following test. We soaked the four kinds of wearing material (cotton, silk, wool, nylon) in ethanol-water solution, soap water, SDS, and LAS, then exposed them to the sunlight, and estimated their tensile strength and whiteness. (1) Tensile strength Silk showed the most marked weakening of tensile strength, nylon and cotton the next marked weakening, wool the least weakening. Four different solutions caused little marked difference in tensile strength, but ethanol-water solution caused the most remarkable weakening. (2) Whiteness Silk showed the most lowest degree of whiteness, wool and nylon the next lowest, cotton the highest. Ethanol-water solution caused the least whiteness, and the fabric which was not soaked in any solution and was exposed to the sun showed the remarkable lowering of whiteness. But the fabrics which were soaked in the surface active agents (soap water, SDS, LAS) and were exposed to tke sun showed the comparatively little lowering, This shows there is not any difference among these three agents