Scanning Electron Microscopic/Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Analysis in Cases of Apical Periodontitis Refractory to Endodontic Treatment: A Case Series Study

This study aimed to present a case series of refractory endodontic treatment leading to persistent apical periodontitis. All cases were submitted to scanning electron microscopic/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDS) of the external surface of the surgically removed samples and identification of the elements present in the specimens. Carbon, oxygen and calcium were elements present in all of the cases in this study. The presence of microorganisms in close contact with the periapical surrounding tissues induced the perpetuation of the inflammation process. Despite the presence of other elements different from those normally expected in the tissues, we may not attribute any interference in the periapical response to them.Keywords: Apical Periodontitis; Bacterial Biofilm; Endodontic Failure; Extra Radicular Infection

Shedding some light over the floral metabolism by Arum Lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica) Spathe de novo transcriptome assembly

Zantedeschia aethiopica is an evergreen perennial plant cultivated worldwide and commonly used for ornamental and medicinal purposes including the treatment of bacterial infections. However, the current understanding of molecular and physiological mechanisms in this plant is limited, in comparison to other non-model plants. In order to improve understanding of the biology of this botanical species, RNA-Seq technology was used for transcriptome assembly and characterization. Following Z. aethiopica spathe tissue RNA extraction, high-throughput RNA sequencing was performed with the aim of obtaining both abundant and rare transcript data. Functional profiling based on KEGG Orthology (KO) analysis highlighted contigs that were involved predominantly in genetic information (37%) and metabolism (34%) processes. Predicted proteins involved in the plant circadian system, hormone signal transduction, secondary metabolism and basal immunity are described here. In silico screening of the transcriptome data set for antimicrobial peptide (AMP) – encoding sequences was also carried out and three lipid transfer proteins (LTP) were identified as potential AMPs involved in plant defense. Spathe predicted protein maps were drawn, and suggested that major plant efforts are expended in guaranteeing the maintenance of cell homeostasis, characterized by high investment in carbohydrate, amino acid and energy metabolism as well as in genetic information

Efeito do MTA (Agregado de Trióxido Mineral) sobre a atividade de macrófagos peritoneais

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-13T18:51:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta__o_mestrado_taia_maria_berto_rezende.pdf: 889546 bytes, checksum: 50cc8387a575b72b4cffad5ee96fd4d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 16O agregado de trióxido mineral (MTA), por ser um cimento retrobturador utilizado em regiões inflamadas e/ou infectadas, deve ser biocompatível e não interferir na atividade dos macrófagos. Recentes estudos diferenciam os macrófagos de acordo com o tipo de resposta: M1 (ativados pela produção de IL-12); M2 (ativados alternativamente pela ausência de IL-12). Neste estudo, testou-se o efeito de duas marcas comerciais do MTA (ProRoot, gentilmente cedido pela Tulsa Dental, Ballaigues, Suíça e MTA-Ângelus, gentilmente cedido pela Odonto-lógika, Londrina, Brasil) sobre a atividade de macrófagos inflamatórios peritoneais M1 (provenientes de camundongos C57BL/6) e M2 (provenientes de camundongos C57BL/6 IL-12p40-/-). Foram avaliadas: a viabilidade e aderência celular, a fagocitose da Saccharomyces boulardii, a produção de ROIs, quando os macrófagos foram estimulados e não com zymosan, e a produção de TNF, IL-12, IL-10 e NO, quando estimulados e não com Fusobacterium nucleatun, Peptostreptococcus anaerobious, com e sem IFN-. Os cimentos não interferiram nos parâmetros analisados da atividade dos macrófagos M1 e M2. Porém, quando se compararam os macrófagos M2 com os M1, pode-se observar: os macrófagos M2 sobreviveram menos, nos experimentos de viabilidade celular em tubos de polipropileno; apresentaram maior número de leveduras fagocitadas; tiveram maior produção de IL-10, quando estimulados com F. nucleatum; produziram menos ROIs. Nos demais parâmetros analisados, não houve diferenças significativas entre ambos. Conclui-se que os cimentos não inibem a resposta pró-inflamatória dos macrófagos M1 e M2; as respostas desses dois tipos celulares diferenciam-se em alguns aspectos.Mineral trioxide aggregates (MTA) must be biocompatible since they are used as endodontic sealer in regions that are inflamed or infected. In addition, it must not interfere with macrophage activity. Recent studies have divided macrophages into to subtypes, according to their response to stimuli: M1 (activated by the production of IL-12) and M2 (alternatively activated in the absence of IL-12 production). In this study, the effect of two commercial brands of MTA (ProRoot, kind gift from Tulsa Dental, Ballaigues, Switzerland, and MTA-Ângelus, kind gift from Odonto-lógika, Londrina, Brasil) on macrophage activity were tested. Elicited peritoneal macrophages of the M1 (from C57BL/6 mice) and the M2 (from IL-12 gene knockout mice in the C57BL/6 background) were used. Viability, adherence, phagocytosis of Sacharomyces boulardii, production of ROIs when stimulated with zymosan, and the production of TNF, IL-12, IL-10 and NO triggered by Fusobacterium nucleatum, Peptostreptococcus anaerobious and IFN- were determined. The sealers did not interfere with any of the analyzed parameters. However M1 and M2 differed in several aspects: M2 macrophages did not survive as well as M1 in polypropilene tube cultures; ingested higher numbers of yeast cells; produced higher levels of IL-10 when stimulated with F. nucleatum; produced lower levels of ROIs. We conclude that the sealers do not inhibit a pro-inflammatory response by M1 or M2 macrophages and that the two types of macrophages respond differently to some stimuli

Fragile elderly, systemic conditions and dental homecare - a mini-review

Background: The oral health of elderly patients can be treated at home or in the hospital environment with adaptations. This type of home dental care is possible through the synergistic interactions among several health professionals involved in improving the quality of life of dependent and fragile elderly patients. Scientific articles and bibliographic databases on the dental practice-based study in the elderly were searched and analyzed. Search strategy terms were: home care, geriatric dentistry, dental home care, frail elderly, systemic diseases, Alzheimer’s disease and oral health. Inclusion criteria were: published articles in English; articles indexed in databases Pubmed; articles published from 2001 to 2019, totaling 22 references.&nbsp;Objective: The purpose of this review is to describe a different approach in dentistry that encourages adaptation for home dental care.&nbsp;Conclusion: Home dental care for dependent elderly people should be prioritized as an interdisciplinary health action, as many problems in the oral cavity have direct interference in the systemic condition and the dental conduct at home should be essential, based on the sharing of clinical decisions between family and entire care team for the frail elderly.</p

Systemic conditions of diabetic patients diagnosed with apical periodontitis

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between glycemic control status in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and apical periodontitis. Methods: Twenty-seven patients were involved in this study. The survey was based on anamnesis, intra and extra oral examination and radiographic evaluation. Diabetes mellitus information involved type of diabetes and blood glucose analysis. Patients were divided according to their metabolic control status (glycemic controlled and poorly controlled T2DM patients). Results: A higher fasting blood glucose level (p = 0.004) and a higher percentage of HbA1c (p = 0.0001) were demonstrated in poorly controlled T2DM patients when compared to glycemic controlled T2DM. However, the frequency of apical periodontitis and the elapsed time since diabetes mellitus diagnosis were higher in controlled T2DM patients, reaching 64%. Nevertheless, controlled T2DM patients presented a higher number of apical periodontitis cases (p < 0.05). Findings support that controlled patients T2DM presented higher presence of apical periodontitis than poorly controlled T2DM ones. In these patients, the time elapsed since the diagnosis was higher, which may have provided a longer period of oscillation and/or uncontrolled metabolism. Conclusions: Therefore, it might contribute to the development and maintenance of apical periodontitis in glycemic controlled patients of this study