Baltacıoğlu ve softalar

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 33-İsmail Hakkı Baltacıoğlu. Not: Gazetenin "Olaylar ve Görüşler" köşesinde yayımlanmıştır.İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı (TR10/14/YEN/0033) İstanbul Development Agency (TR10/14/YEN/0033

Conversion in Turkish : an overview

This paper presents an overview of possible cases of conversion in Turkish. I argue that apparent cases of conversion between nouns and adjectives are cases of syntactic transposition, and apparent cases of conversion between nouns/adjectives and verbs are end products of phonological changes in the history of the language, which resulted in pairs of lexemes that are formally identical synchronically, but not historically. This does not mean that no cases of morphological conversion can be traced in the language. I will present two cases of secondary word-class conversion from derived, inflected and uninflected words to toponyms which might be taken as instances of morphological conversion or derivation by zero-affixation

The Ultrastructure of the Zona Fasciculata Layer of Suprarenal Gland During Pregnancy

OBJECTIVE: Increased estrogen levels affect the suprarenal gland cortex, thus raising the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) during pregnancy. This study aimed to examine possible structural changes in the suprarenal gland cortex in relation to the hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: The suprarenal glands of 6-day, 12-day and 18-day pregnant rats were removed and compared with those of the control group under electron microscope. RESULTS: Lipid droplets in zona fasciculata cells were observed to increase significantly in number and volume, enlarged mitochondria, active Golgi region in comparison to the control groups on 6th and 12th days of pregnancy. On day 18 were observed to lipid droplets were seen to decrease and similar characteristics with the control group. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, with the increased estrogen hormone of pregnancy, various structural changes were observed in the cortex of suprarenal glands as related to mutual interaction among secreted hormones from the suprarenal glands, hypophysis and placenta

Çukurova ve Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgelerinin sulu koşullarında bazı çokyıllık baklagil ve buğdaygil yembitkilerinin ot verimleri üzerinde araştırmalar

Bu çalışma, 1999-2000 yıllarında bazı çokyıllık baklagil ve buğdaygil tür ve çeşitlerinin Çukurova bölgesi ve Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgelerinin sulu koşullarında yem verimlerinin saptanması amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırma ile ilgili tarla denemeleri, Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi ve Koruklu Araştırma İstasyonunda (Şanlıurfa) üç tekrarlamalı tesadüf blokları deneme desenine uygun olarak tesis edilmiş ve yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, yurt içi ve dışı kaynaklardan temin edilen üç buğdaygil türüne ( Dactylis glomerata, Bromus inermis, Lolium perenne) ait 7 çeşit ve 3 baklagil türüne (Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Medicago sativa) 7 çeşitin üç lokasyondaki ot verimleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlan, incelenen tür ve çeşitlerin ot verimlerinin lokasyonlara ve yıllara bağlı olarak önemli derecede farklılık gösterdiğini, genellikle Şanlıurfa koşullarında türlerin verimlerinin diğer lokasyonlara göre daha yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. İncelenen baklagil tür ve çeşitleri içerisinde her üç lokasyonda da en yüksek yeşil ot ve kuru ot verimi Elçi yoncasından elde edilmiştir

GAP ve Çukurova koşullarında biçme ve otlatmaya elverişli çokyıllık buğdaygil + baklagil karışımlarının saptanması üzerinde bir araştırma

Çukurova ve GAP bölgelerinde biçme ve otlatmaya elverişli çokyıllık buğdaygil+baklagil yembitkisi karışımlarının saptanması amacıyla sürdürülen bu araştırmada; incelenen tür ve karışımların performanslarının yıllara ve lokasyonlara bağlı olarak önemli derecede değiştiği gözlenmiştir. Genellikle Koruklu koşullarında Tür ve karışımların verimi Adana koşullarına göre önemli derecede daha yüksek olmuştur. İncelenen tür ve karışımlar içerisinde en verimli tür Adana koşullarında iki yılın ortalaması olarak 1478.2 kg/da. Koruklu koşullannda ise 2312.2 kg-'da kuru ot verimi veren yonca olmuştur. En verimli karışımların ise yonca içeren karışımlar olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Yoncayı, çayır üçgülü izlemiştir. Ak üçgül ise. Tıer iki lokasyonda çok iyi performans göstermemiştir. İncelenen buğdayail türlerinin her iki lokasyonda da vejetasyon mevsimi baklagillere göre daha kısa sürmüş ve Adana koşullannda genellikle bir biçim, Korukiu koşullarında ise 2 veya daha fazla biçim vermişlerdir. Ancak, toplam verimlerinin % 90'ını birinci biçim oluşturmuştur. Otlatmayı taklit edecek şekilde biçim uygulaması biçim sayısında artışa neden oimuş, ancak toplam verimde çok önemli bir farklılık yaratmamıştır. Tür ve karışımların ham selüloz ve ham protein gibi yem kalite değerleri lokasyonlara bağlı olarak farklılık göstermiştir. Ham protein ve ham selüloz oranı açısından tür ve karışımların Adana koşullannda Korukiu koşullarına göre daha kaliteli yem ürettikleri ortaya çıkmıştır

The Protective Effects of Acetyl L-Carnitine on Testis Gonadotoxicity Induced by Cisplatin in Rats

Background: Cisplatin, an effective antineoplastic agent, damages normal cells in a manner related to chemotherapy. Acetyl L-carnitine protects cells against mitochondrial and nuclear damage induced by chemotherapy. Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the protective effects of acetyl L-carnitine on cisplatin-induced gonadotoxicity in testicular structures. Study Design: Animal experiment. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar albino rats were divided into four Groups (n=6): Group 1 (control) was administered saline; Group 2 was administered acetyl L-carnitine; Group 3 was administered cisplatin; and Group 4 was pre-treated with acetyl L-carnitine before cisplatin administration. After 72hr of treatment with cisplatin, the rats were sacrificed, and the testicular tissues were removed. Morphometric, histomorphologic and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted. Results: At the end of the experiment, Group 3 was characterised by statistically significant weight loss, a degenerative appearance of the seminiferous tubules in the peripheral region, separation of spermatogenic cell series from the tubular wall, cellular debris in the lumen and central interstitial oedema. Sperm morphology appeared to be abnormal. Tubular diameter and wall thickness decreased, and the number of TUNEL- and active caspase-positive cells increased compared with the other Groups. The histological findings in Group 4 were better than those in Group 3. Conclusion: It was concluded that the prophylactic use of acetyl L-carnitine protects against cisplatin-induced testicular tissue damage

The Protective Effects of Acetyl L-Carnitine on Testis Gonadotoxicity Induced by Cisplatin in Rats

Background: Cisplatin, an effective antineoplastic agent, damages normal cells in a manner related to chemotherapy. Acetyl L-carnitine protects cells against mitochondrial and nuclear damage induced by chemotherapy. Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the protective effects of acetyl L-carnitine on cisplatin-induced gonadotoxicity in testicular structures. Study Design: Animal experiment. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar albino rats were divided into four Groups (n=6): Group 1 (control) was administered saline; Group 2 was administered acetyl L-carnitine; Group 3 was administered cisplatin; and Group 4 was pre-treated with acetyl L-carnitine before cisplatin administration. After 72hr of treatment with cisplatin, the rats were sacrificed, and the testicular tissues were removed. Morphometric, histomorphologic and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted. Results: At the end of the experiment, Group 3 was characterised by statistically significant weight loss, a degenerative appearance of the seminiferous tubules in the peripheral region, separation of spermatogenic cell series from the tubular wall, cellular debris in the lumen and central interstitial oedema. Sperm morphology appeared to be abnormal. Tubular diameter and wall thickness decreased, and the number of TUNEL- and active caspase-positive cells increased compared with the other Groups. The histological findings in Group 4 were better than those in Group 3. Conclusion: It was concluded that the prophylactic use of acetyl L-carnitine protects against cisplatin-induced testicular tissue damage

The epidemiology and economic impact of varicella-related hospitalizations in Turkey from 2008 to 2010: a nationwide survey during the pre-vaccine era (VARICOMP study)

Varicella can cause complications that are potentially serious and require hospitalization. Our current understanding of the causes and incidence of varicella-related hospitalization in Turkey is limited and sufficiently accurate epidemiological and economical information is lacking. The aim of this study was to estimate the annual incidence of varicella-related hospitalizations, describe the complications, and estimate the annual mortality and cost of varicella in children. VARICOMP is a multi-center study that was performed to provide epidemiological and economic data on hospitalization for varicella in children between 0 and 15 years of age from October 2008 to September 2010 in Turkey. According to medical records from 27 health care centers in 14 cities (representing 49.3% of the childhood population in Turkey), 824 children (73% previously healthy) were hospitalized for varicella over the 2-year period. Most cases occurred in the spring and early summer months. Most cases were in children under 5 years of age, and 29.5% were in children under 1 year of age. The estimated incidence of varicella-related hospitalization was 5.29-6.89 per 100,000 in all children between 0-15 years of age in Turkey, 21.7 to 28 per 100,000 children under 1 year of age, 9.8-13.8 per 100,000 children under 5 years of age, 3.96-6.52 per 100,000 children between 5 and 10 years of age and 0.42 to 0.71 per 100,000 children between 10 and 15 years of age. Among the 824 children, 212 (25.7%) were hospitalized because of primary varicella infection. The most common complications in children were secondary bacterial infection (23%), neurological (19.1%), and respiratory (17.5%) complications. Secondary bacterial infections (p < 0.001) and neurological complications (p < 0.001) were significantly more common in previously healthy children, whereas hematological complications (p < 0.001) were more commonly observed in children with underlying conditions. The median length of the hospital stay was 6 days, and it was longer in children with underlying conditions (< 0.001). The median cost of hospitalization per patient was $338 and was significantly higher in children with underlying conditions (p < 0.001). The estimated direct annual cost (not including the loss of parental work time and school absence) of varicella-related hospitalization in children under the age of 15 years in Turkey was$856,190 to $1,407,006. According to our estimates, 882 to 1,450 children are hospitalized for varicella each year, reflecting a population-wide occurrence of 466-768 varicella cases per 100,000 children. In conclusion, this study confirms that varicella-related hospitalizations are not uncommon in children, and two thirds of these children are otherwise healthy. The annual cost of hospitalization for varicella reflects only a small part of the overall cost of this disease, as only a very few cases require hospital admission. The incidence of this disease was higher in children < 1 year of age, and there are no prevention strategies for these children other than population-wide vaccination. Universal vaccination is therefore the only realistic option for the prevention of severe complications and deaths. The surveillance of varicella-associated complications is essential for monitoring of the impact of varicella immunization