The Effect of Syntax on Interoperability among Metadata Standards: Another step towards Integrating Information Systems

This research aims to find out the effect of syntax on interoperability among metadata standards. The interoperability of “MARC21 in XML (MARCXML)”, “Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS)”, “Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS)”, “Metadata Authority Description Schema (MADS)”, “Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI)”, “PREservation Metadata: Implementation Strategy (PREMIS)”, “Technical Metadata for Text (TextMD)”, and “Metadata for Images in XML (MIX)” are examined. The first section of the paper describes the tools and types of interoperability among metadata standards. In the second section, METS is selected as a core standard. Finally, models of how the studied metadata standards interact with each other and with METS, based on an analytical-systematic approach, are investigated, and some patterns adapted with each model are planned. The results show that the use of appropriate syntax plays a key role in interoperating metadata standards, and leads to information system integration

Moisture-dependent engineering properties of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seed

The moisture-dependent physical properties are important to investigate for designing the post harvest equipments of the product.  The physical properties of black cumin were evaluated as a function of moisture content in the range of 5.1% to 18.75% w.b.  The average length, width, thickness and 1,000 seed mass were 3.11 mm, 1.59 mm, 1.09 mm and 2.76 g, respectively, at moisture content of 5.1% w.b.  The geometric mean diameter and sphericity increased from 1.75 mm to   1.79 mm and 56.34% to 56.98% as moisture content increased from 5.1% to 18.75% w.b., respectively.  In the same moisture range, the bulk density decreased from 539.3 kg/m3 to 486.4 kg/m3, whereas the corresponding true density and porosity increased from 1,009.4 kg/m3 to 1,071.2 kg/m3 and 46.5% to 54.59%, respectively.  As the moisture content increased from 5.1% to 18.75% w.b., the angle of repose, terminal velocity and surface areas were found to increase from 32.5° to 33.3°,    5.6 m/s to 5.92 m/s and 8.14 mm2 to 8.46 mm2, respectively.  The static coefficient of friction increased on four structural surfaces namely, galvanized iron sheet (0.37-0.41), mild steel (0.36-0.39), aluminum (0.32-0.34) and plywood (0.53-0.58) in the moisture range from 5.1%-18.75% w.b.Key words: black cumin, Nigella sativa, engineering properties, moisture content Citation: Gharib-Zahedi S. M. T., S. M. Mousavi, A. moayedi, A. T. Garavand, and S. M. Alizadeh.  Moisture-dependent engineering properties of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seed.  Agric Eng Int: CIGR Journal, 2010, 12(1): 194-202.&nbsp

Designing a Metadata Application Profile in Academic Libraries: A Case Study

The purpose of this paper is to design a metadata application profile to organize content objects of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences libraries based on analytical-systematic approach. The population under study included content objects from 23 libraries (central, hospital and college libraries). A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data related to the local features and needs of generating metadata records in libraries. Some questions of the questionnaire were answered by the librarians of the organizing department, and some of them were completed by researcher’s observation of the libraries’ metadata databases. The native needs and intend of libraries in terms of content objects organizing were determined and an application profile was designed for describing and organizing different types of content objects based on them. The application profile contains 63 elements, 22 of which are mandatory elements and the other elements are optional. Among those 63 elements, 54, 7 and 2 elements have been selected from the UNIMARC as the basic standard, the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) and the Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS), respectively. Finally, the structure and semantics syntax of the designed metadata application profile based on the local context of the libraries were determined

Sodium Channel Gene Mutations in Children with GEFS+ and Dravet Syndrome: A Cross Sectional Study

 How to Cite This Article: Tonekaboni SH, Ebrahimi A, Bakhshandeh Bali MK, Houshmand M, Moghaddasi M, Taghdiri MM, Nasehi MM. Sodium Channel Gene Mutations in Children with GEFS+ and Dravet Syndrome: A Cross Sectional Study. Iran J Child Neurol. 2013 Winter; 7 (1):25-29. Objective Dravet syndrome or severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (SMEI) is a baleful epileptic encephalopathy that begins in the first year of life. This syndrome specified by febrile seizures followed by intractable epilepsy, disturbed psychomotor development, and ataxia. Clinical similarities between Dravet syndrome and generalized epilepsy with febrile seizure plus (GEFS+) includes occurrence of febrile seizures and joint molecular genetic etiology. Shared features of these two diseases support the idea that these two disorders represent a severity spectrum of the same illness. Nowadays, more than 60 heterozygous pattern SCN1A mutations, which many are de novo mutations, have been detected in Dravet syndrome. Materials & Methods From May 2008 to August 2012, 35 patients who referred to Pediatric Neurology Clinic of Mofid Children Hospital in Tehran were enrolled in this study. Entrance criterion of this study was having equal or more than four criteria for Dravet syndrome. We compared clinical features and genetic findings of the patients diagnosed as Dravet syndrome or GEFS+. Results 35 patients (15 girls and 20 boys) underwent genetic testing. Mean age of them was 7.7 years (a range of 13 months to 15 years). Three criteria that were best evident in SCN1A mutation positive patients are as follows: Normal development before the onset of seizures, onset of seizure before age of one year, and psychomotor retardation after onset of seizures. Our genetic testing showed that 1 of 3 (33.3%) patients with clinical Dravet syndrome and 3 of 20 (15%) patients that diagnosed as GEFS+, had SCN1A mutation. Conclusion In this study, normal development before seizure onset, seizures beginning before age of one year and psychomotor retardation after age of two years are the most significant criteria in SCN1A mutation positive patients.References Dravet C, Bureau M, Oguni H, Fukuyama Y, Cokar O.Severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (Dravet syndrome). In: Roger J, Bureau M, Dravet C, Genton P, Tassinari CA, Wolf P, eds. Epileptic Syndromes in Infancy, Childhood and Adolescence, 4th  ed. London: John Libbey Eurotext Publishers; 2005. p. 89-113.Dalla Bernardina B, Colamaria V, Capovilla G, Bondavalli S. Nosological classification of epilepsies in the first three years years of life. Prog Clin Biol Res 1983;124:165-83.Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League against Epilepsy. Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes. Epilepsia 1989;30:389-99.Scheffer IE, Zhang. YH, Jansen FE, Dibbens L. Dravet syndrome or genetic (generalized) epilepsy with febrile seizures plus? Brain Dev 2009;31(5):394-400.Singh R, Andermann E, Whitehouse WP, Harvey AS, Keene DL, Seni MH, et al. severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy: extended spectrum of GEFS+? Epilepsia 2001;42(7):837-44.Scheffer IE, Harkin LA, Dibbens LM, Mulley JC, Berkovic SF. Neonatal epilepsy syndromes and generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+). Epilepsia 2005;46 Suppl 10:41-7.Harkin LA, McMahon JM, Iona X, Dibbens L, Pelekanos JT, Zuberi SM, et al. The spectrum of SCN1A-related infantile enceptic encephalopathies. Brain 2007;130(Pt 3):843-52.Sun H, Zhang Y, Liang J, Liu X, Ma X, Qin, et al. Seven novel SCN1A mutations in Chinese patients with severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy. Epilepsia 2008;49:1104-7.Miller SA, Dykes DD, polesky HF. A simple salting out procedure  for  extracting  DNA from  human  cucleated Nucleated cells. Nucleic Acids Res 1988;16(3):2115.Marini C, Scheffer IE, Nabbout R, Mei D, Cox K, Dibbens LM, et al. SCN1A duplications and deletions detected in dravet syndrome: implications for molecular diagnosis. Epilepsia 2009; 50(7):1670-8.Striano P, Mancardi MM, Biancheri R, Madia F, Gennaro E, Paravidino R, et al. Brain MRI findings in severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy and genotype- correlations. Epilepsia 2007;48(6):1092-6.Wang JW, Kurahashi H, Ishii A, Kojima T, Ohfu M, Inoue T, et al. Micro chromosomal deletions involving SCN1A and adjacent genes in severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy. Epilepsia 2008;49(9):1528-34.Lossin C. A catalog  of  SCN1A variants.  Brain  Dev 2009;31:114-30.Fountain-Capal JK, Holland KD, Gilbert DL, Hallinan BE When should clinicians order genetic testing for Dravet syndrome? Pediatr Neurol 2011;45(5): 319-23. Hattori J, Ouchida M, Ono J, Miyake S, Maniwa S, Mimaki  N,  et  al. A screening  test  for  the  prediction of Dravet syndrome before one year of age. Epilepsia 2008;49(4):626–33.Nabbout R, Gennaro E, Dalla Bernardina B, Dulac O, Madia F, Bertini E, et al. spectrum of SCN1A mutations severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy. Neurology 2003;60(12):1961-7.Ohmori I, Ouchida M, Ohtsuka, Y oka E, Shimizu K. Significant correlation  of  The  SCN1A mutations  and severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002;295:17-23.Cales. L, Del-favero J, Ceulemans B, Lagae L, Van Broeckhoven C, De jonghe P. De novo mutations in the sodium- chnnel gene SCN1A cause severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy. Am J Hum Genet 2001; 68(8):1327-32.Brunklaus A, Ellis R, Reavey E, Forbes GH, Zuberi SM.Prognostic, clinical and demographic features in SCN1A mutation-positive Dravet syndrome. Brain 2012;135(Pt 8):2329-36.Engel J Jr; International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE).A proposed diagnostic scheme for people with epileptic seizures  and  with  epilepsy:  report  of  the  ILAE Task force  on  Classifications  and  Terminology.  Epilepsia 2001;42(6):796-803.Fujiwara T, Sugawara T, Mazaki-Miyazaki E, Takahashi Y, Fukushima K, Watanabe M, et al. Mutations of sodium channel alpha subunit type 1 (SCN1A) in intractable childhood epilepsies with frequent generalized tonic- clonic seizures. Brain 2003;126:(Pt 3):531-46.Claes L, Ceulemans B, Audenaert D, Smets K, Löfgren A, Del-Favero J. De novo SCN1A mutations are a major cause of severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy. Hum Mutat 2003;21(6):615-21.Lakhan R, Kumari R, Misra UK, Kalita J, Pradhan S, Mittal B. Differential role of sodium channels SCN1A and SCN2A gene polymorphisms with epilepsy and multiple drug resistance in the north Indian population. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2009;68(2):214-20

Designing Authority Data Properties Based on Microdata Method and Study of Web Search Engines’ Reaction to Them

Objective: The purpose of this research was to study the Search Engine’s responses to authority data properties embedded into schema.org-based metadata on the Microdata syntax. Methods: The experimental method was used in this research. The research population comprised 400 records of authority metadata based on the Microdata method from the digital library of Allameh Tabataba'i University. The examination group consisted of 200 metadata records, 100 records with authority data extensions embedded into schema.org-based metadata in the Microdata syntax and 100 other similar records in the JSON-LD syntax (50 samples of name authority, and 50 other subject authority) And the control group consisted of 200 Records, including 100 Records related to the description of the book in the Microdata syntax and 100 other similar records in the JSON-LD syntax. The records have been published on the independent website at www.Aghadeh.ir and have been introduced to the Google, Bing, Yahoo, and Yandex search engines as designers of the schema.org standard. Then, through searching the search engines, using the data gathering tool, the checklist provided by the researchers, the indexing and retrieval of the metadata records of the control groups and experimental groups were evaluated in the search results of the selected search engines. Results: The results of this study showed that search engines were able to index and retrieve all of the metadata records and values of added extensions associated with authority data. Such a possibility had the same status for the name authority records and the subject authority data. Conclusions: By retrieving each of the variant properties’ values of examination group’s records, in addition to the authorized values of the name and subject terms, a suitable platform for the comprehensiveness of the retrieve process, and the authority control in the Web search tools will be improved

Comprehensive phylogenetic, similarity and allergenicity analysis of Boophilus genus tick Tropomyosin protein

     Boophilus genus ticks are responsible for transferring some pathogens and reducing production factors in cattle. Tropomysin (TPM) protein has actin regulator activity and playing important role in immune and allergic reactions. The main goal is to determine different aspects of phylogenetic, similarity, homology, structure and allergenicity of TPM protein. In prior study, we identified TPM by using Mass-spectrometry in Boophilus anulatus larva proteins extraction. Analysis by NCBI and Mascot software showed complete similarity of this protein with Boophilus microplus. TPM Blasting, invertebrates TPM sequences retrieval, aligning and analyzing of conserved and variable regions along sequences were next steps. Also, construction the phylogenetic tree, overall mean distances estimation, homology protein secondary structure, allergencity analysis was achieved. The most similar sequences to Boophilus genus TPM are Haemaphysalis sp., Scolopendra sp. and etc., respectively. The multiple sequence alignment showed that conserved and variable regions stretched in different part of TPM. The close relationships in Phylogenetic tree between Ticks and Mites were seen, although the TPM sequences in ticks are more similar to each other than to mites and assume as the nearest relatives. Insects TPM like worms, located in two separated clades, and Trichinella spiralis in worm clades are more related taxa to members of ticks and mites groups. Furthermore, overall mean distances over sequence pairs reflects TPM conservation during speciation. TPM has high homology in different species and has two domain of α-helix that cannot form disulfide bonds. Finally, allergenicity analysis by separated and hybrid approach showed it undoubted is allergen and candidates some peptides as responsible for allergenicity of TPM. The comprehensive analysis of TPM has never been easy, especially when we attempt to make statements from different aspects about this protein.  Our study revealed the some unique and valuable aspects of TPM protein of Boophilus genus, and will help to further studies on mentioned protein

Effect of Squill Oxymel on Knee Osteoarthritis: A Triple-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a major health problem in the society. Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) or Persian Medicine (PM) as a branch of complementary medicine has been practiced in Iran for many centuries. An herbal medication known as squill oxymel has been used by PM physicians for OA. Our aim is to investigate the effect of squill oxymel on OA of the knee joint. Eighty eight patients were assigned to receive a placebo or squill oxymel syrup (10 ml each morning on empty stomach) for 8 consecutive weeks. Acetaminophen tablets were considered as the rescue medicine. Ultimately, 43 patients in the placebo group and 40 patients in the treatment group completed the trial and were included in the statistical analysis. Patients were followed for 4 weeks after cessation of treatment. The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) questionnaire and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were considered as the main outcome measures. Laboratory tests including AST, ALT, BUN, Cr plus inflammatory tests including WBC, ESR, and CRP with specific tests i.e. IL6 and SOD at the beginning and the end of intervention were measured. The results showed the positive effect of treatment on the outcome of knee pain (p=0.04) and daily activity (p=0.01) of KOOS after Cessation of treatment. On the other hand, VAS decreased in both treatment and placebo groups while it showed significance intra-group and showed no significance between the two groups. After 4 weeks of cessation of treatment, the positive effect of the squill oxymel on the treatment group continued in some of the subscales of KOOS, including symptoms, knee pain and daily activities, but stopped in the placebo group. In general, both clinically and statistically significant improvement was observed after cessation of treatment. Squill oxymel syrup showed promising results in management of knee OA but future researches with larger sample size and longer duration are necessary

Evaluating The Association Between Serum Hsp27 Antibody and Hypertension in Patients without Underlying Cardiovascular Disease

Introduction: An association between heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) antigen with cardiovascular risk factors has been shown previously. Furthermore, higher levels of serum anti-HSP27 antibodies are also related to higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In the current study, we looked at the relationship between serum Hsp27 antibodies and hypertension, as an important cardiovascular risk factor, in individuals without evidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods: A sub-population of hypertensive patients (HTN+) without underlying CVD were recruited from the Mashhad stroke and atherosclerosis heart disease (MASHAD) study to assess the association between serum Hsp27 antibodies and hypertension; independent of other cardiovascular risk factors. A total of 1599 people were studied of whom 288 individuals had hypertension and 1311 were used as controls (HTN-).Results: Mean serum Hsp27 antibody titers were 0.20 (0.27) OD in the whole population sample and was not significantly different in the normotensive (HTN-) compared to HTN+ individuals with different degrees of hypertension.Conclusion: There were no significant associations between serum anti-Hsp27 concentrations and either the presence or severity of hypertension. Future studies are warranted to explore the association of anti-Hsp27 antibody and antigen levels and other cardiovascular risk factors

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe