Risk of disordered eating among Division I female college athletes

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(3): 256-264, 2015. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of disordered eating (DE) among female athletes in lean and non-lean sports using the ATHLETE survey. The ATHLETE survey is divided into six different constructs, and a high score indicates a high risk for DE. Eighty-three varsity female athletes from eight Campbell University sports teams completed the survey and a medical history form anonymously. The sports were divided into sports that traditionally have a high risk for DE (lean sports) and those with a low risk (non-lean sports). The lean sports included: cheerleading, cross country/track and field, swimming, and volleyball. The non-lean sports included: basketball, golf, soccer, and softball. The total mean score of the ATHLETE survey for the lean sports was 100.1 ± 17.4, compared to the non-lean sports scoring 90.1 ± 16.9, p = 0.011. The two constructs that showed significant difference between lean and non-lean sports were Social Pressure on Body Shape (lean: 12.2 ± 3.9, non-lean: 9.4 ± 4.6, p = 0.005) and Team Trust (lean: 7.4 ± 3.3, non-lean: 5.6 ± 2.2, p = 0.004). The results indicate that lean sports exhibited a higher risk for development of DE compared to athletes participating in non-lean sports. It appears that the primary influence of DE in these female athletes came from external social pressures that may therefore dictate their exercise and nutritional habits

Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses Inhibit Human Immune Cell Function: Risk for Xenotransplantation?

AbstractTransgenic pigs are currently the most favored potential source of organs for xenotransplantation. Like all mammalian species they all harbor endogenous retroviruses in their genome. These porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) are produced from several primary cells and cell lines and are able to infect human cells. Here we demonstrate that different pig strains and different animals of one strain differ in their ability to produce PERVs from normal blood cells. We report that purified PERV particles show a protein pattern typical for type C retroviruses and are antigenically related to mammalian leukemia viruses. Like most retroviruses, purified PERVs and peptides derived from the highly conserved immunosuppressive domain of their transmembrane envelope protein inhibit human immune cell functions. This indicates that high titer replication of PERVs in the transplant recipient could therefore lead to an immunodeficiency disease

Relationship between Friend virus and an associated lymphatic leukaemia virus.

virus into rats (Mirand and Grace, 1962; Dawson, Rose and Fieldsteel, 1966) an

Investigation of fluorescent properties of plasma exosomes in diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer

Exosomes of blood plasma were studied using multiphoton tomography (two-photon microscopy). Exosomes were isolated in patients with colorectal cancer and in healthy donors. Images of fluorescence of exosomes were obtained at a wavelength of 760 nm and second harmonic generation at a wavelength of 380 nm. As a result of the analysis of the obtained data, qualitative differences were found between samples from patients with colorectal cancer and healthy donors

Syntbesis and Properries of the Selective Antimuscarinic Agent Cyclohexylphenyl(3-piperidinopropyl)silanol

Die Synthese des selektiven Antimuskarinikums Cyclohexylpheny\{3-piperidinopropyl)sila· nol (1 b) wird beschrieben. 1 b wurde - ausgehend von (3·Chlorpropyl)trimethoxysilan - durch eine vierstufige Reaktionsfolge erhalten und als Hydrochlorid 2b mit einer Gesamtausbeute von etwa 45°/o isoliert. - 1 b ist aufgrund seiner großen pharmakologischen Se· lektivität zu einer Standardsubstanz in der experimentellen Pharmakologie bei der Differenzierung von Muskarinrezeptoren geworden.The synthesis of thc selective antimuscarinic agent cyclohexylphenyl(3-piperidinopropyl)silanol (1 b) is described. Starting with (3-chloropropyl)trimethoxysilane, I b was obtained by four reaction steps and isolated as hydrochloride 2b with a total yield of about 45°/o. - Because of its high pharmacological selectivity 1 b has become a reference drug in experimental pharmacology for the differentiation of muscarinic rcceptors

Genomic architecture of potato resistance to Synchytrium endobioticum disentangled using SSR markers and the 8.3k SolCAP SNP genotyping array

BACKGROUND: The soil borne, obligate biotrophic fungus Synchytrium endobioticum causes tumor-like tissue proliferation (wart) in potato tubers and thereby considerable crop damage. Chemical control is not effective and unfriendly to the environment. S. endobioticum is therefore a quarantined pathogen. The emergence of new pathotypes of the fungus aggravate this agricultural problem. The best control of wart disease is the cultivation of resistant varieties. Phenotypic screening for resistant cultivars is however time, labor and material intensive. Breeding for resistance would therefore greatly benefit from diagnostic DNA markers that can be applied early in the breeding cycle. The prerequisite for the development of diagnostic DNA markers is the genetic dissection of the factors that control resistance to S. endobioticum in various genetic backgrounds of potato. RESULTS: Progeny of a cross between a wart resistant and a susceptible tetraploid breeding clone was evaluated for resistance to S. endobioticum pathotypes 1, 2, 6 and 18 most relevant in Europe. The same progeny was genotyped with 195 microsatellite and 8303 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Linkage analysis identified the multi-allelic locus Sen1/RSe-XIa on potato chromosome XI as major factor for resistance to all four S. endobioticum pathotypes. Six additional, independent modifier loci had smaller effects on wart resistance. Combinations of markers linked to Sen1/RSe-XIa resistance alleles with one to two additional markers were sufficient for obtaining high levels of resistance to S. endobioticum pathotypes 1, 2, 6 and 18 in the analyzed genetic background. CONCLUSIONS: Potato resistance to S. endobioticum is oligogenic with one major and several minor resistance loci. It is composed of multiple alleles for resistance and susceptibility that originate from multiple sources. The genetics of resistance to S. endobioticum varies therefore between different genetic backgrounds. The DNA markers described in this paper are the starting point for pedigree based selection of cultivars with high levels of resistance to S. endobioticum pathotypes 1, 2, 6 and 18. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-015-0195-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Immature monocytes acquire antigens from other cells in the bone marrow and present them to T cells after maturing in the periphery

Monocytes are circulating precursors for tissue macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) but are not recognized to directly participate in antigen presentation. We developed techniques to label mouse monocyte subsets with particulate tracers in vivo. Gr-1lo but not Gr-1hi monocytes were stably labeled by intravenous injection of 0.5-μm microspheres. Gr-1hi monocytes could be labeled when the microspheres were injected after systemic depletion of blood monocytes and spleen macrophages. In this condition, the phagocytic tracer was transferred to immature bone marrow monocytes by neutrophils and B cells that first carried the particles to the bone marrow. Moreover, antigens from B cells or proteins conjugated to the tracer particles were processed for presentation by monocytes and could induce T cell responses in the periphery. Cell-associated antigen taken up by bone marrow monocytes was retained intracellularly for presentation of the antigen days later when monocyte-derived DCs migrated to lymph nodes or in vitro after differentiation with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. These data reveal that immature monocytes unexpectedly sample antigen from the bone marrow environment and that they can present these antigens after they leave the bone marrow