Coleophora sirella Tabell & Mutanen, sp. n. from Finland (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae)

 Coleophora sirella Tabell & Mutanen, sp. n. from Finland is described as new. The species resemblesmost closely C. glitzella O. Hofmann, 1869, C. murinella Tengström, 1848 and C. juncicolella Stainton, 1851 but has diagnostic differences in its life history, external appearance, genitalmorphology as well as DNA barcode. The new species feeds on Empetrum nigrum L. Adultmale and female, their genitalia as well as larval case are illustrated, and the known distribution range is given.DNAbarcodes are provided for the new species and its closestEuropean relatives

Suomalainen opettaja ja rehtori osana koulutusvientiä

Tiivistelmä. Suomalainen kasvatus- ja koulutustyö perustuu korkeatasoiseen työntekijöiden koulutukseen, tutkimukseen, lapsikeskeisyyteen ja tasa-arvoon. Maailmanlaajuisesti tarkasteltuna suomalaisen järjestelmän tulokset ovat tasalaatuisia ja Suomi pärjää vuodesta toiseen kärkimaiden joukossa. Suomen talouden kannalta olisi ensi arvoisen tärkeää löytää uusia tapoja myydä omaa osaamista vientiä lisäämällä. Koulutusviennissä liikkuu rahaa kymmeniä miljardeja. Samaan aikaan on muistettava eettisyys, kohdemaiden ihmisten välinen tasa-arvo ja maiden oman kulttuuriperinteen kunnioittaminen. Tutkimukseni on laadullinen tutkimus, jossa käytän fenomenografiaa analyysiprosessissa sekä metodologisena lähestymistapana kuvaamassa suomalaisten luokanopettajien ja rehtoreiden kokemusmaailmaa koulutusviennissä työskentelystä. Tarkastelen koulutusvientiä tutkimuksessani haastateltavina olleiden opettajien ja rehtoreiden ymmärtämisen ja käsitysten kautta. Tutkimuksen teoreettinen viitekehys rakentuu kahdesta osasta. Ensimmäisessä osassa tarkastelen suomalaista koulutuskenttää koulutusviennin näkökulmasta. Jatkan koulutusviennin tarkastelua Suomen koulutusviennin strategiaa ja koulutusvientiä maailmanlaajuisesti. Teoreettisen viitekehyksen toisessa osassa kohdistan huomioni suomalaiseen opettajaan ja rehtoriin. Koulutusvientiprojektissa täytyy olla selkeä perehdytys valintaprosessin alusta lähtien ja tuki koko projektin ajan niin kohdemaassa kuin kotimaassakin. Lähtevän opettajan ja rehtorin työssä onnistuminen vaatii lähtevältä oikeanlaista motivaatiota ja valmistautumista ennen kohdemaahan siirtymistä. Työn ulkopuolisen elämän järjestäminen on keskeisessä roolissa kohdemassa. Opetustyössä ja koulunjohtamisessa tarvitaan kulttuurisensitiivisyyttä. Sen merkitys korostuu siinä, mitä kauempana ollaan suomalaisesta ja länsimaisesta kulttuurista. Kollegiaalinen tuki, yhteistyö paikallisten työntekijöiden kanssa sekä oman työn kokeminen merkitykselliseksi tukevat opettajan ja rehtorin työtä projektin työvaiheen aikana. Koulutusvientiprojektin haasteeksi muodostui kohdemaan hallintoon ja päätöksentekoon liittyvä ennakoimattomuus. Se vaikutti sekä työn ulkopuoliseen elämään että varsinaiseen työntekoon. Tärkeää koulutusviennin onnistumiselle ovat työntekijät, jotka tuntevat paikallisen kulttuurin ja päätöksentekotavan. Koulutusvienti muutti opettajuutta niin, että kulttuurituntemus, opetuksen suunnittelu, opetusmenetelmät ja kyky kohdat eri kulttuurista tulevia oppilaita lisääntyivät.Education export : teacher’s and principal’s perspective. Abstract. Finnish educational work is based on a high level of employee training, research, child-centered approach and equality. Globally, the results of the Finnish system are consistent. Year after year Finland is among the top countries, without a system that is unequal for children and youth. For the Finnish economy, it would be of primary importance to find new ways to sell its expertise by increasing the export. At the same time, the ethics, equality between target countries and respect for the countries’ own cultural traditions must be kept in mind. My research is a qualitative research. I use phenomenography in the analysis process and as a methodological approach to describe the Finnish class teachers and principals’ experiences of working in education export. I examine education export through the understanding and views of the teachers and principals that I interviewed. Theoretical framework of the study consists of two parts. In the first part, I look at the Finnish education field from the perspective of education export. I continue by exploring the Finland’s education export strategy and education export worldwide. In the second part of the theoretical framework, I concentrate on the Finnish teacher and principal. Education export project must have a distinct orientation that starts from the beginning of the selection process and lasts through the entire project, both in the target country and the home country. In order to succeed in the teacher and principals’ work, the person leaving must have the right kind of motivation and preparation level before transferring to the target country. Organizing the life outside of work is a key factor in the target country. Cultural sensitivity is needed in teaching and school management. It becomes increasingly important the farther away we get from Finnish and Western culture. Collegial support, co-operation with local workers, finding work meaningful support the teacher and principal in their work during the working phase of the project. The challenge in the education export project was the unpredictability of the target country’s administration and decision-making. It had an impact on both the extra-curricular life and the actual work. Employees who are familiar with the local culture and decision-making are important to the success of the education export. Educational export changed the teachership by increasing cultural awareness, planning of the teaching, teaching methods and the ability to meet students from different cultures

A molecular-based identification resource for the arthropods of Finland

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors. Molecular Ecology Resources published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.To associate specimens identified by molecular characters to other biological knowledge, we need reference sequences annotated by Linnaean taxonomy. In this study, we (1) report the creation of a comprehensive reference library of DNA barcodes for the arthropods of an entire country (Finland), (2) publish this library, and (3) deliver a new identification tool for insects and spiders, as based on this resource. The reference library contains mtDNA COI barcodes for 11,275 (43%) of 26,437 arthropod species known from Finland, including 10,811 (45%) of 23,956 insect species. To quantify the improvement in identification accuracy enabled by the current reference library, we ran 1000 Finnish insect and spider species through the Barcode of Life Data system (BOLD) identification engine. Of these, 91% were correctly assigned to a unique species when compared to the new reference library alone, 85% were correctly identified when compared to BOLD with the new material included, and 75% with the new material excluded. To capitalize on this resource, we used the new reference material to train a probabilistic taxonomic assignment tool, FinPROTAX, scoring high success. For the full-length barcode region, the accuracy of taxonomic assignments at the level of classes, orders, families, subfamilies, tribes, genera, and species reached 99.9%, 99.9%, 99.8%, 99.7%, 99.4%, 96.8%, and 88.5%, respectively. The FinBOL arthropod reference library and FinPROTAX are available through the Finnish Biodiversity Information Facility (www.laji.fi) at https://laji.fi/en/theme/protax. Overall, the FinBOL investment represents a massive capacity-transfer from the taxonomic community of Finland to all sectors of society.Peer reviewe

A molecular-based identification resource for the arthropods of Finland

To associate specimens identified by molecular characters to other biological knowledge, we need reference sequences annotated by Linnaean taxonomy. In this study, we (1) report the creation of a comprehensive reference library of DNA barcodes for the arthropods of an entire country (Finland), (2) publish this library, and (3) deliver a new identification tool for insects and spiders, as based on this resource. The reference library contains mtDNA COI barcodes for 11,275 (43%) of 26,437 arthropod species known from Finland, including 10,811 (45%) of 23,956 insect species. To quantify the improvement in identification accuracy enabled by the current reference library, we ran 1000 Finnish insect and spider species through the Barcode of Life Data system (BOLD) identification engine. Of these, 91% were correctly assigned to a unique species when compared to the new reference library alone, 85% were correctly identified when compared to BOLD with the new material included, and 75% with the new material excluded. To capitalize on this resource, we used the new reference material to train a probabilistic taxonomic assignment tool, FinPROTAX, scoring high success. For the full-length barcode region, the accuracy of taxonomic assignments at the level of classes, orders, families, subfamilies, tribes, genera, and species reached 99.9%, 99.9%, 99.8%, 99.7%, 99.4%, 96.8%, and 88.5%, respectively. The FinBOL arthropod reference library and FinPROTAX are available through the Finnish Biodiversity Information Facility (www.laji.fi) at https://laji.fi/en/theme/protax. Overall, the FinBOL investment represents a massive capacity-transfer from the taxonomic community of Finland to all sectors of society.</p

Coleophora sirella Tabell &amp; Mutanen, sp. n. from Finland (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae)

Abstract Coleophora sirella Tabell &amp; Mutanen, sp. n. from Finland is described as new. The species resemblesmost closely C. glitzella O. Hofmann, 1869, C. murinella Tengström, 1848 and C. juncicolella Stainton, 1851 but has diagnostic differences in its life history, external appearance, genitalmorphology as well as DNA barcode. The new species feeds on Empetrum nigrum L. Adultmale and female, their genitalia as well as larval case are illustrated, and the known distribution range is given. DNA barcodes are provided for the new species and its closest European relatives

Mitogenomic meta-analysis identifies two phases of migration in the history of Eastern Eurasian sheep

Despite much attention, history of sheep (Ovis aries) evolution, including its dating, demographic trajectory and geographic spread, remains controversial. To address these questions, we generated 45 complete and 875 partial mitogenomic sequences, and performed a meta-analysis of these and published ovine mitochondrial DNA sequences (n = 3,229) across Eurasia. We inferred that O. orientalis and O. musimon share the most recent female ancestor with O. aries at approximately 0.790 Ma (95% CI: 0.637–0.934 Ma) during the Middle Pleistocene, substantially predating the domestication event (∼8–11 ka). By reconstructing historical variations in effective population size, we found evidence of a rapid population increase approximately 20–60 ka, immediately before the Last Glacial Maximum. Analyses of lineage expansions showed two sheep migratory waves at approximately 4.5–6.8 ka (lineages A and B: ∼6.4–6.8 ka; C: ∼4.5 ka) across eastern Eurasia, which could have been influenced by prehistoric West–East commercial trade and deliberate mating of domestic and wild sheep, respectively. A continent-scale examination of lineage diversity and approximate Bayesian computation analyses indicated that the Mongolian Plateau region was a secondary center of dispersal, acting as a “transportation hub” in eastern Eurasia: Sheep from the Middle Eastern domestication center were inferred to have migrated through the Caucasus and Central Asia, and arrived in North and Southwest China (lineages A, B, and C) and the Indian subcontinent (lineages B and C) through this region. Our results provide new insights into sheep domestication, particularly with respect to origins and migrations to and from eastern Eurasia