NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans – anteaters, sloths, and armadillos – have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with 24 domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, ten anteaters, and six sloths. Our dataset includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data-paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the south of the USA, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to its austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n=5,941), and Cyclopes sp. has the fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n=11,588), and the least recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n=33). With regards to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n=962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other datasets of Neotropical Series which will become available very soon (i.e. Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans dataset

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Potencial genético de um sintético de milho de grãos duros para formação de híbridos Genetic potential of a flint maize synthetic for hybrid production

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar através das estimativas de parâmetros genéticos o potencial de um sintético de milho de grãos duros e de ciclo semiprecoce, para a formação de híbridos e/ou melhoramento intrapopulacional. Foram utilizadas 142 progênies endogâmicas S2 do Sin EEL Flint, em cruzamentos topcrosses com um Sintético heteroticamente contrastante. Essas progênies topcrosses foram avaliadas utilizando-se o delineamento em látice simples 12 x 12, e em dois locais de teste. Os maiores valores médios para PED foram observados para os topcrosses n.&ordm; 101 (12069kg ha-1) e nº 72 (11068Kg ha-1), tendo o primeiro apresentado comportamento específico para Londrina, e o segunda demonstrado comportamento superior nos dois ambientes. Os valores das estimativas dos parâmetros estudados foram semelhantes aos encontrados em alguns estudos conduzidos em condições tropicais. O grupo de progênies S2 da Sin EEL Flint conduziu a valores médios de <IMG SRC="/img/revistas/cr/v33n4/16678s03.gif" align="absmiddle">, CVg e h² similares aos encontrados na literatura para outros genótipos. Observa-se que esse Sintético possui suficiente variabilidade genética e potencial para extração de linhagens para formação de híbridos e como germoplasma em programas de melhoramento.<br>The objective of this study was to determine the genetic potential of a semi-early maize synthetic with flint type kernel (Sin EEL Flint). The estimation of genetic parameters was obtained with S2 progenies, and the performance of the progenies in hybrid combinations were evaluated. One hundred fourty-two S2 progenies of Sin EEL Flint were used. They were obtained by top crossings with a contrasting heterotic synthetic of dent type kernel. These topcross progenies were tested in a lattice design 12 x 12 with two replications in two locations, Sete Lagoas and Londrina. The selected topcross n&ordm; 101, with specific adaptation for Londrina. and nº72, being adapted to both locations, were the best yieldings (PED) with 12069Kg ha-1 and 11068Kg ha-1, respectively. Values of the estimated parameters for <IMG SRC="/img/revistas/cr/v33n4/16678s03.gif">, CVg and h² were similar to those found in other studies conducted in tropical conditions. It was observed that this synthetic has enough genetic and potential variability to inbred line extraction for hybrid production and to be used as germoplasm source in breeding programs