El fordismo en la industria europea del automóvil y la SEAT (1950-1970)

A través del caso de la Seat, el artículo aborda la transferencia de los criterios de racionalización del trabajo en España entre 1950 y 1970. La continua puesta al día de la tecnología productiva, dictada por la Fiat, consintió a la Seat conseguir economías de escala y una buena posición entre las marcas europeas. Sin embargo, a finales de los sesenta la Seat sufrió los mismos problemas organizativos que la Fiat, empresa de la que dependía. Al cumplirse el dilema de la productividad, el sistema productivo se demostró excesivamente rígido frente a una demanda cada vez más diversificada. Además, el aumento de los ritmos y las díficiles condiciones de trabajo representaron no sólo las consecuencias de la organización fordista de la producción, sino también el caldo de cultivo de una conflictividad obrera que, junto con otros factores, contribuyó al retiro de la Seat por parte de la Fiat en 1980.This article deals with the transfer of the work rationalization criteria in Spain between 1950 and 1970, using the case of the company Seat. The continuous revision of the productive technology, imposed by Fiat, allowed Seat to achieve a large-scale economical activity and a good position in Europe. However, at the end of the sixties, Seat suffered the same organizational problems than Fiat, company from which it depended. In front of the productivity dilemma, the productive system became excessively rigid to face an increasingly diversified demand. In addition, the rise in the work pace and the difficult labour conditions lead not only to the consequences of the Ford system but also to the breeding ground for labour troubles that, together with other factors, contributed to the withdrawal of Seat by Fiat in 1980

Electrochemistry of Dihalogenated Nicotonic Acids in Aqueous and Aprotic Media

The electrochemical reduction of several 2,5- and 5,6- dihalonicotinic acids have been studied in dimethyl sulfoxide as well as in aqueous buffers of different pH. The polarographic half-wave potentials for the reduction of these compounds in both media are reported here. The compounds appear to reduce at the carboxyl group. The presence of halogen atoms on the pyridine ring facilitates reduction

Gambaran Histopatologi Hati Tikus Wistar Yang Diberikan Jus Tomat (Solanum Lycopersicum) Pasca Kerusakan Hati Wistar Yang Diinduksi Karbon Tetraklorida (Ccl4)

: Liver is the largest organ in the abdominal cavity. As the center of metabolism in the body, liver is potentially damaged by exposure of toxic substances, inter alia carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Metabolism of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) produces CCl3 free radicals that can damage the liver. In Indonesia, there are a lot of natural ingredients that have antioxidant properties, such as tomato. Lycopene in tomatoes contains antioxidant compounds that can prevent damages due to free radical. This study aimed to obtain liver histopathological changes of wistar rats fed with tomato juice after being induced of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). This was an experimental study, using 10 wistar rats which were divided into 4 groups. Group I was the negative control; group II was induced with CCl4 0,05 cc/day and was terminated on day 6; group III was induced with CCl4 0,05 cc/day and was given tomato juice 3 ml/day, and terminated on day 13; group IV was induced by CCl4 0,05 cc/day, given regular pellets, and terminated on day 13. The results showed that group II had histopathological changes of the liver indicating fatty liver, meanwhile group III showed regeneration of nearly all liver cells. Conclusion: Administration of tomato juice after the induction of 3 ml carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 7 day showed regeneration of almost all liver cells

Rancang Bangun Perangkat Kendali Pintu Rumah Menggunakan Fingerprint Berbasis Arduino Leonardo

Pada zaman modern seperti saat ini, perancangan sistem dibuat semakin praktis pengoperasiannya dan tentunya faktor keamanan yang menjadi prioritas mengingat tingginya tingkat pencurian didalam rumah. Akses pintu yang masih manual memiliki banyak kekurangan diantaranya sering kehilangan kunci, butuh waktu yang cukup lama saat membuka pintu, sistem keamanan kunci yang lemah sehingga mudah dibobol seseorang. Keamanan pintu dalam suatu ruangan dengan menggunakan sensor fingerprint dibuat sebagai salah satu bentuk pengaman dalam skala kecil. Sistem keamanan ini mengandalkan sidik jari untuk mengamankan sebuah pintu. Fingerprint yang telah diakses oleh jari-jari dari anggota keluarga akan memberikan data kepada mikrokontroler untuk diolah yang kemudian akan memberikan perintah kepada motor stepper untuk membuka pintu secara otomatis. Untuk membuka pintu secara otomatis maka digunakan mikrokontroller Arduino Leonardo sebagai dasar pengendali untuk menggerakan motor stepper dan pemanfaatan sensor PIR untuk menutup pintu secara otomatis. Dari hasil pengujian pintu akan terbuka jika ID sidik jari yang dicocokan sesuai dengan sidik jari yang sudah tersimpan dalam database. Tombol Button digunakan untuk membuka dan menutup pintu secara otomatis apabila anggota keluarga akan keluar rumah atau ruangan.Penggunaan yang mudah dan sistem keamanan dengan teknologi digital yang lebih terjaga dibanding dengan kunci pintu konvensional. Sebagai hasil dari skripsi ini dapat diimplementasikan pada kondisi sesungguhnya untuk pengamanan pintu rumah

Ultrasound assisted osmotic dehydration of organic cranberries (Vaccinium oxycoccus): Study on quality parameters evolution during storage.

Cranberries are appreciated for their high amount of antioxidants such as flavonoids, anthocyanins,phenolic acids, carotenoids and vitamins. However, due to their sour and tart taste they request to beprocessed into sweeter dried fruits in order to be acceptable for the consumers. The aim of this work wasto analyse the effect of ultrasound assisted osmotic dehydration on mass transfer parameters and onquality characteristics during storage of cranberries. Ultrasound treatment was performed at the fre-quency of 21 kHz for 30 min in three osmotic solutions - 61.5% sucrose, 30% sucrose with an addition of0.1% of steviol glycosides and 40% trehalose on cut in half cranberries. Afterwards, the cranberry sampleswere subjected to osmotic dehydration process at 40C for 72 h. The osmodehydrated samples both withor without ultrasound pre-treatment were collected and stored at 10C in climatic chamber in micro-perforated plastic bags (PLA) for 8 weeks. The weight reduction, dry matter, water activity, colour, andmicrobiological analysis were performed after 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of storage. The obtained resultsindicated that ultrasound application significantly affected the mass transfer parameters during osmotictreatment, as well as it did the type of osmotic solution used. Thermal analysis showed variations insugar melting temperature and enthalpy as a result of osmotic treatment and storage. During the storage,lower weight loss and higher lightness were observed in US pre-treated samples. The sample thatpreserved the best chemico-physical and microbiological characteristics during storage was the onetreated with 61.5% sucrose solution, due to its lowest water activity

Innovative and integrated risk management in the agri-food chains

Agricultural production is closely related to the weather conditions and farmers are exposed to natural hazards such as excess flood, drought, and frost. The increase of the magnitude and frequency of extreme weather events requires the implementation of several risk management tools that may enhance the resilience of farming systems to climate change. In the last years, the interest on insurance market against extreme weather events has grown and crop insurance schemes may play a key role to manage systemic weather risks, mitigating production losses and stabilizing farmers’ incomes. More specifically, the weather index-based insurance represents a promising tool which may overcome some problems associated with traditional indemnity-based insurances (e.g., asymmetric information, high transaction costs, moral hazard, and adverse selection). However, the weather index-based insurance presents a major limitation, namely basis risk: farmers may experience severe yield losses without any reimbursement or, on the contrary, they may obtain a compensation without any yield loss mainly due to the discrepancy between the pay-out triggered by the weather index and actual losses. Clearly, this main threat limits the spread of this innovative risk management tool. Our studies aim to assess the dynamics between the weather variable and crop yield, i.e., the working principle of the weather index-based insurances, and crop insurance demand. First, we conducted a case study to deepen the knowledge on the linkages between durum wheat yields and weather events occurring in susceptible phenological phases; second, we studied how different approaches for the phenological stages identification and how different weather variables (and combination of thereof) within the econometric model may catch further relationships between durum wheat yields and weather conditions otherwise not caught; third, we assessed whether the relationship yield- temperature control for three categories of durum wheat earliness. We found several connections among yields and weather variables, highly related to both phenological stages, different temporal and design specifications within the econometric model, and earliness. We contributed to discuss on the feasibility of the weather index-based insurance at farm-level, also animating the debate on how policymakers may improve the attractiveness of these risk management tools using publicly available data

Faktor – Faktor Determinan Keputusan Nasabah Menjadi Debitur Kartu Kredit PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk

The purpose of research to be achieved is to determine what factors affect the decision of the customer to credit card debtors PT. Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. This research type is type of associative research by using data analysis factor analysis technique (Confirmatory Factor Analysis). Based on result of research indicate that there are 4 factors that determine customer to credit card debtors in PT. Bank BNI Tbk Manado. The first factor that determines the customer becomes credit card debtors in PT. Bank BNI Tbk Manado is a product benefit, the second factor that determines the customer to be a credit card in         PT. Bank BNI Tbk Manado is the perception of service, the third factor that determines the customer to credit card debtors in PT. Bank BNI Tbk Manado is a trust in a brand and the fourth factor that determines customers to credit card debtors in PT. Bank BNI Tbk Manado is the consumer's taste.Keywords: Bank marketing, service quality, customer satisfaction, image, customer loyalty, use decision

Safety, quality, and processing of fruits and vegetables

Nowadays, one of the main objectives of the fruit and vegetable industry is to develop innovative novel products with high quality, safety, and optimal nutritional characteristics in order to respond with efficiency to the increasing consumer expectations. Various emerging, unconventional technologies (e.g., pulsed electric field, pulsed light, ultrasound, high pressure, and microwave drying) enable the processing of fruits and vegetables, increasing their stability while preserving their thermolabile nutrients, flavour, texture, and overall quality. Some of these technologies can also be used for waste and by-product valorisation. The application of fast noninvasive methods for process control is of great importance for the fruit and vegetable industry. The following Special Issue \u201cSafety, Quality, and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables\u201d consists of 11 papers, which provide a high-value contribution to the existing knowledge on safety aspects, quality evaluation, and emerging processing technologies for fruits and vegetables

Safety, Quality and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables

Nowadays, one of the main objectives of the fruit and vegetable industry is to develop innovative novel products with high quality, safety, and optimal nutritional characteristics in order to respond, with efficiency, to increasing consumer expectations. Various unconventional technologies (e.g., pulsed electric field, pulsed light, ultrasound, high pressure, and microwave drying) have emerged and enable the processing of fruits and vegetables in a way that increases their stability while preserving their thermolabile nutrients, flavour, texture, and overall quality. Some of these technologies can also be used for waste and byproduct valorisation. The application of fast noninvasive methods for process control is of great importance for the fruit and vegetable industry. The following Special Issue “Safety, Quality, and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables” consists of 11 papers which represent a high-value contribution to the existing knowledge on safety aspects, quality evaluation, and emerging processing technologies for fruits and vegetables