A scientific text as implying information about metacognitive capacities of its author

The scientific text content is considered in the paper as objectification of the results of cognitive processes and mechanisms guided by metacognition, the "traces" of metacognitive skills can be found in the meaning of certain lexical units and/or inferred by analysing certain syntactic structures in the text. It is argued that a scientific text composition itself can also be considered as created due to metacognitive capacities and language cognitio

The problem of cognitive-semantic grounds for verbs polysemy in English

The given article considers the problem of the cognitive and semantic basis for polysemanticism of verbs in English as one of the main mental processes that promotes changes and development of the meaning of words, the verbs in particula

Ergatic dynamic control systems

Synthesis and analysis of systems containing a man in their control circuits are considered. The concepts of ergonomics and ergatic systems are defined, and tasks and problems of ergonomics are outlined. The synthesis of the structure of an astronautic ergatic organism is presented, as well as the synthesis of nonstationary ergatic systems. Problems of selecting the criteria for complex systems are considered, and the results are presented from a study of ergatic control systems with any degree of human participation

Global analysis of data on the spin-orbit coupled A1Σu+A^{1}\Sigma_{u}^{+} and b3Πub^{3}\Pi_{u} states of Cs2

We present experimentally derived potential curves and spin-orbit interaction functions for the strongly perturbed $A^{1}\Sigma_{u}^{+}$ and $b^{3}\Pi_{u}$ states of the cesium dimer. The results are based on data from several sources. Laser-induced fluorescence Fourier transform spectroscopy (LIF FTS) was used some time ago in the Laboratoire Aim\'{e} Cotton primarily to study the $X ^{1}\Sigma_{g}^{+}$ state. More recent work at Tsinghua University provides information from moderate resolution spectroscopy on the lowest levels of the $b^{3}\Pi_{0u}^{\pm}$ states as well as additional high resolution data. From Innsbruck University, we have precision data obtained with cold Cs$_{2}$ molecules. Recent data from Temple University was obtained using the optical-optical double resonance polarization spectroscopy technique, and finally, a group at the University of Latvia has added additional LIF FTS data. In the Hamiltonian matrix, we have used analytic potentials (the Expanded Morse Oscillator form) with both finite-difference (FD) coupled-channels and discrete variable representation (DVR) calculations of the term values. Fitted diagonal and off-diagonal spin-orbit functions are obtained and compared with {\it ab initio} results from Temple and Moscow State universities

Status of ART-XC/SRG Instrument

Spectrum Roentgen Gamma (SRG) is an X-ray astrophysical observatory, developed by Russia in collaboration with Germany. The mission will be launched in March 2016 from Baikonur, by a Zenit rocket with a Fregat booster and placed in a 6-month-period halo orbit around L2. The scientific payload consists of two independent telescopes - a soft-x-ray survey instrument, eROSITA, being provided by Germany and a medium-x-ray-energy survey instrument ART-XC being developed by Russia. ART-XC will consist of seven independent, but co-aligned, telescope modules. The NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) is fabricating the flight mirror modules for the ART-XC/SRG. Each mirror module will be aligned with a focal plane CdTe double-sided strip detectors which will operate over the energy range of 6-30 keV, with an angular resolution of less than 1, a field of view of approximately 34 and an expected energy resolution of about 10 percent at 14 keV

Possible Metastable State Triggered by Competition of Peierls State and Charge Ordered State

We examine a Peierls ground state and its competing metastable state in the one-dimensional quarter-filled Peierls-Hubbard model with the nearest-neighbor repulsive interaction V and the electron-phonon interaction (\propto 1/K with K being the elastic constant). From the mean-field approach, we obtain the phase diagram for the ground state on the plane of parameters V and K. The coexistent state of the spin-density wave and the charge ordering is realized for large V and K. With decreasing K, it exhibits a first-order phase transition to the unconventional Peierls state which is described by the bond-centered charge-density-wave state. In the large region of the Peierls ground state in the phase diagram, there exists the metastable state where the energy takes a local minimum with respect to the lattice distortion. On the basis of the present calculation, we discuss the photoinduced phase observed in the (EDO-TTF)_{2}PF_{6} compound.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figure

Theoretical Aspects of Charge Ordering in Molecular Conductors

Theoretical studies on charge ordering phenomena in quarter-filled molecular (organic) conductors are reviewed. Extended Hubbard models including not only the on-site but also the inter-site Coulomb repulsion are constructed in a straightforward way from the crystal structures, which serve for individual study on each material as well as for their systematic understandings. In general the inter-site Coulomb interaction stabilizes Wigner crystal-type charge ordered states, where the charge localizes in an arranged manner avoiding each other, and can drive the system insulating. The variety in the lattice structures, represented by anisotropic networks in not only the electron hopping but also in the inter-site Coulomb repulsion, brings about diverse problems in low-dimensional strongly correlated systems. Competitions and/or co-existences between the charge ordered state and other states are discussed, such as metal, superconductor, and the dimer-type Mott insulating state which is another typical insulating state in molecular conductors. Interplay with magnetism, e.g., antiferromagnetic state and spin gapped state for example due to the spin-Peierls transition, is considered as well. Distinct situations are pointed out: influences of the coupling to the lattice degree of freedom and effects of geometrical frustration which exists in many molecular crystals. Some related topics, such as charge order in transition metal oxides and its role in new molecular conductors, are briefly remarked.Comment: 21 pages, 19 figures, to be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. special issue on "Organic Conductors"; figs. 4 and 11 replaced with smaller sized fil

The ART-XC telescope on board the SRG observatory

ART-XC (Astronomical Roentgen Telescope - X-ray Concentrator) is the hard X-ray instrument with grazing incidence imaging optics on board the Spektr-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) observatory. The SRG observatory is the flagship astrophysical mission of the Russian Federal Space Program, which was successively launched into orbit around the second Lagrangian point (L2) of the Earth-Sun system with a Proton rocket from the Baikonur cosmodrome on 13 July 2019. The ART-XC telescope will provide the first ever true imaging all-sky survey performed with grazing incidence optics in the 4-30 keV energy band and will obtain the deepest and sharpest map of the sky in the energy range of 4-12 keV. Observations performed during the early calibration and performance verification phase as well as during the on-going all-sky survey that started on 12 Dec. 2019 have demonstrated that the in-flight characteristics of the ART-XC telescope are very close to expectations based on the results of ground calibrations. Upon completion of its 4-year all-sky survey, ART-XC is expected to detect ~5000 sources (~3000 active galactic nuclei, including heavily obscured ones, several hundred clusters of galaxies, ~1000 cataclysmic variables and other Galactic sources), and to provide a high-quality map of the Galactic background emission in the 4-12 keV energy band. ART-XC is also well suited for discovering transient X-ray sources. In this paper, we describe the telescope, results of its ground calibrations, major aspects of the mission, the in-flight performance of ART-XC and first scientific results.Comment: 19 pages, 30 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic

Междисциплинарная коммуникативная компетенция: концептуализация и практическое применение

Introduction. Communication complexities which often occur in interdisciplinary work gave rise to the studies on teaching interdisciplinary communication. A growing need to provide pedagogical solutions to facilitate teaching interdisciplinary communication stimulated the research into language as a social practice to better understand communication process for interdisciplinary purposes. Aim. This exploratory study investigates the concept of interdisciplinary communicative competence and proposes a framework of interdisciplinary communicative competence with the focus on three underlying components: knowledge, skills, and personal attributes of interdisciplinary team members. Methodology and research methods. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used. The data obtained from 24 in-depth semi-structured interviews with five groups of higher education stakeholders (employers, academic directors of the programmes, professors, students, and alumni) revealed the existing interdisciplinary practices in the university and cross-functional practices in the companies. The proposed framework was empirically tested using an online survey with 139 responses from professors, students, and employers. The data processing techniques included the use of Kendall’s concordance coefficient, Cronbach’s alpha, and the principal component analysis. Results. The study presents the authors’ conceptualisation of interdisciplinary communicative competence and its framework as the result of the literature analysis and the empirical research. The findings provided evidence on the importance of language skills for effective interdisciplinary communication as perceived by 5 groups of respondents. The choice of language skills as a basic component of interdisciplinary communicative competence is justified. Scientific novelty. The study contributes to the conceptualisation of a framework of interdisciplinary communicative competence. The elements of the framework are identified and their relevance is empirically tested. Practical significance. The results of the empirical part of the study can be applied in the design of interdisciplinary learning process in higher education, for example, in the design of interdisciplinary courses, and teaching materials.Введение. Междисциплинарная академическая деятельность сопряжена с рядом сложностей, которые возникают в процессе коммуникации у участников взаимодействия. В настоящее время возрастает интерес исследователей к изучению данной темы в связи с необходимостью обеспечить процесс междисциплинарного обучения дидактическими средствами и методическими материалами. Не менее актуальным становится изучение вопроса использования языка участниками междисциплинарного общения. Цель работы – на основе теоретических и практических исследований сформулировать концепт «междисциплинарная коммуникативная компетенция» и разработать модель данной компетенции. Методология, методы и методики. В ходе работы были использованы количественные и качественные методы исследования. Полученные данные в результате проведения 24 полуструктурированных интервью среди представителей пяти групп респондентов, заинтересованных в образовательном процессе в вузе (работодателей, академических директоров программ, преподавателей, студентов и выпускников), позволили выявить их отношение к междисциплинарному подходу в обучении и преподавании в университете, а также понять особенности кросс-функционального общения в компаниях. Разработанная авторами статьи модель междисциплинарной коммуникативной компетенции была апробирована путем проведения онлайн-опроса среди преподавателей, студентов и работодателей. Обработка данных (139 ответов) проводилась с использованием современных количественных методов. Результаты. В результате исследования был сформулирован концепт междисциплинарной коммуникативной компетенции и разработана модель данной компетенции, которая включает три компонента: (1) знание функционального использования языка и когнитивные навыки осуществления междисциплинарной деятельности, (2) речевые умения и навыки, (3) личностные качества участников междисциплинарной команды. Анализ данных, полученных в ходе 24 глубинных интервью и опроса 134 респондентов, выявил необходимость и целесообразность формирования междисциплинарной коммуникативной компетенции у всех участников образовательного процесса для осуществления эффективной коммуникации. В структуре модели междисциплинарной коммуникативной компетенции все группы респондентов отметили приоритет формирования речевых умений и навыков участников междисциплинарной команды, что подтверждает обоснованность выбора данных элементов в качестве ведущего компонента в структуре модели междисциплинарной коммуникативной компетенции. Научная новизна. Настоящая работа вносит вклад в разработку концепта «междисциплинарная коммуникативная компетенция» и предлагает модель междисциплинарной коммуникативной компетенции с опорой на эмпирические данные, полученные в ходе интервью и опроса. Практическая значимость. Результаты исследования могут найти практическое применение в разработке программ междисциплинарных курсов и учебных материалов для обучения в вузе.Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета (проект № 60419425).The research was supported by St. Petersburg State University, Russia (Grant Agreement No. 60419425)

Цитомегаловирусная инфекция и врожденная патология сердца у детей

Congenital heart defects account for about 30% of all anomaly of development in children. Cytomegalovirus infection suffered by a woman during pregnancy claims one of the leading places among teratogenic factors.Aim: to study clinical and pathogenetic features of congenital heart diseases in children with active cytomegalovirus infection.Materials and methods: the survey included 240 children with congenital heart defects under 1 years old. The diagnosis was verified by enzyme immunoassay with detection of immunoglobulins of classes M and G to cytomegalovirus and by polymerase chain reaction, the material for which was blood and urine.Results. For congenital heart defects with the active forms of cytomegalovirus infection is characterized by a higher frequency of combined defects and the development of critical states. Children with cytomegalovirus infection in 40% suffered intrauterine myocarditis of cytomegalovirus etiology, which weighed the course of the underlying disease. The features characteristic of IUI was determined much more often (in the analysis of the noncardiac symptoms). Specific therapy of active forms of cytomegalovirus infection in children before surgery for correction of congenital heart defects has reduced the likelihood of postoperative complications.Summary. Cytomegalovirus infection has a direct teratogenic effect and can provoke the development of congenital heart defects. In addition, the virus has a cardiotropic and immune-mediated effect on the myocardium. This leads to the development of intrauterine myocarditis, which aggravates the course of the disease. The specific treatment of active forms of cytomegalovirus infection in children before surgery for the correction of congenital heart defects, reduces the likelihood of postoperative complications.Врожденные пороки сердца составляют около 30% от всех аномалий развития у детей. Среди тератогенной группы причин на одно из ведущих мест претендует цитомегаловирусная инфекция, перенесенная женщиной во время беременности.Цель: изучить клинико-патогенетические особенности врожденных пороков сердца у детей с активной цитомегаловирусной инфекцией.Материалы и методы: обследовано 240 детей в возрасте до 1 года с врожденными пороками сердца. Верификацию цитомегаловирусной инфекции проводили методом иммуноферментного анализа с обнаружением иммуноглобулинов классов М и G к цитомегаловирусу и методом полимеразной цепной реакции, материалом для которой служили кровь, моча.Результаты. Для врожденных пороков сердца на фоне активных форм цитомегаловирусной инфекции характерна более высокая частота комбинированных пороков, развития критических состояний. У 40% детей с цитомегаловирусной инфекцией отмечался внутриутробный миокардит цитомегаловирусной этиологии, что утяжеляло течение основного заболевания. При анализе экстракардиальных симптомов значительно чаще определялись признаки, характерные для врожденных инфекций. Проведение специфической терапии активных форм цитомегаловирусной инфекции у детей перед оперативным вмешательством по поводу коррекции врожденных пороков сердца позволило снизить вероятность развития постоперационных осложнений. Заключение. Цитомегаловирусная инфекция, обладая прямым тератогенным действием, может сама спровоцировать развитие врожденных пороков сердца. Кроме того, способность вируса оказывать кардиотропное и иммуноопосредованное воздействие на миокард с развитием внутриутробного миокардита утяжеляет течение заболевания. Проведение специфической терапии активных форм цитомегаловирусной инфекции у детей перед оперативным вмешательством по поводу коррекции врожденных пороков сердца позволяет снизить вероятность развития постоперационных осложнений