Accurate merging of images for predictive analysis using combined image

Several Scientific and engineering applications require merging of sampled images for complex perception development. In most cases, for such requirements, images are merged at intensity level. Even though it gives fairly good perception of combined scenario of objects and scenes, it is found that they are not sufficient enough to analyze certain engineering cases. The main problem is incoherent modulation of intensity arising out of phase properties being lost. In order to compensate these losses, combined phase and amplitude merge is demanded. We present here a method which could be used in precision engineering and biological applications where more precise prediction is required of a combined phenomenon. When pixels are added, its original property is lost but accurate merging of intended pixels can be achieved in high quality using frequency domain properties of an image. This paper introduces a technique to merge various images which can be used as a simple but effective technique for overlapped view of a set of images and producing reduced dataset for review purposes.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures,Signal Processing Image Processing & Pattern Recognition (ICSIPR), 2013 International Conference on, Karunya University, Coimbatore, India, pp.169,173, 7-8 Feb. 2013. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1407.812

Evaluation of fungal pathogens, Fusarium semitectum Berk. and Ravenel and Hirsutella thompsonii Fisher against red spider mite, Tetranychus neocaledoni-cus (Andre) of okra under laboratory and greenhouse conditions

Efficacy of fungal pathogens, Fusarium semitectum Berk. and Ravenel and Hirsutella thompsonii Fisher was evaluated against red spider mite, Tetranychus neocaledonicus (Andre) of okra under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Among the treatments evaluated under laboratory conditions, the highest mortality of 78.20 and 88.34 percent adults and immatures, respectively was recorded at 2.10 x 109 spores per ml of F. semitectum, whereas it was 82.05 and 92.31 per cent adults and immatures, respectively in case of H. thompsonii at 4.60 x 108 spores per ml. Among the twelve treatments evaluated under greenhouse conditions, H. thompsonii 4.60 x 108 spores per ml, F. semitectum 2.10 x 109 spores per ml + H. thompsonii 4.60 x 108 spores per ml, H. thompsonii 4.60 x 108 spores per ml + dicofol 0.025% and F. semitectum 2.10 x 109 spores per ml + H. thompsonii 4.60 x 108 spores per ml + dicofol 0.025% were found to be on par with each other with a cumulative percent mortality of 81.20, 81.48, 81.21 and 82.59 percent, respectively. By testing the field efficacy of F. semitectum and H. thompsonii against T. neocaledonicus, these fungal pathogens can be used as potential biocontrol agents for the sustainable management of mites on okra. Hence the present study evaluates the potentiality of F. semitectum for the management of T. neocaledonicus by comparing with the well-known acaricidal fungus, H. thompsonii

Abdominal Ultrasound and Abdominal Radiograph to Diagnose Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Extremely Preterm Infants

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an important contributor towardmortality in extremely premature infants and Very Low Birth Weight(VLBW) infants. The incidence of NEC was 9% in VLBW infants(birth weight 401 to 1,500 grams) in the Vermont Oxford Network(VON, 2006 to 2010, n = 188,703).1 The incidence of NEC was 7%in 1993, increased to 13% in 2008, and decreased to 9% in extremelypreterm infants (22 to 28 weeks gestation) in the Neonatal ResearchNetwork Centers (1993 to 2012).2 The incidence of surgically treatedNEC varies from 28 to 50% in all infants who develop NEC.3 SurgicalNEC occurred in 52% in the VON cohort.1 In this cohort, the odds ofsurgery decreased by 5% for each 100 gram increase in birth.The incidence of surgical NEC has not decreased in the pastdecade.4 The mortality from NEC is significantly higher in infantswho need surgery compared to those who did not (35% versus 21%).1The case fatality rate among patients with NEC is higher in thosesurgically treated (23 to 36%) compared to those medically treated (5to 24%).3 In addition to surgery, NEC mortality rates are influencedby gestational age, birth weight,1,2,5 assisted ventilation on the day ofdiagnosis of NEC, treatment with vasopressors at diagnosis of NEC,and black race.6,7Extremely preterm infants who survive NEC are at risk for severeneurodevelopmental disability and those with surgical NEC have asignificantly higher risk of such delays (38% surgical NEC versus 24%medical NEC).8 Diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis is challengingand it is usually suspected based on non-specific clinical signs. Bell’scriteria and Vermont-Oxford Network criteria help in the diagnosisof NEC.Bell’s criteria, commonly used for diagnosis, staging, and planningtreatment of NEC, were described in 1978 and modified in 1986.9,10Bell’s stage I signs are non-specific: temperature instability, lethargy,decreased perfusion, emesis or regurgitation of food, abdominal distension,recurrent apnea, and on occasion, increased support withmechanical ventilation. Abdominal distension and emesis are morecommon than bloody stools in very preterm infants compared to terminfants.7 Abdominal radiographic findings are an integral part of Bell’scriteria. Identification of Bell’s stage I NEC (early NEC) with abdominalradiograph is challenging, as the features on abdominal radiograph(normal gas pattern or mild ileus) are non-specific. With progressionof NEC to Bell Stage IIA, the symptoms (grossly bloody stools,prominent abdominal distension, absent bowel sounds) and featureson abdominal radiographs (one or more dilated loops and focal pneumatosis)are more specific.On the other hand, the Vermont Oxford Network criteria for NECconsist of at least one physical finding (bilious gastric aspirate oremesis, abdominal distension or occult/gross blood in the stool inthe absence of anal fissure) and at least one feature on abdominalradiograph (pneumatosis intestinalis, hepatobiliary gas, or pneumoperitoneum).1 These features correspond to Bell Stage IIA or StageIIB and are not features of early NEC. Thus relying solely on abdominalradiograph for diagnosis of early NEC, as is practiced currently,has significant drawbacks especially in extremely premature infants.7Ultrasound has been suggested to improve the percentage of infantsdiagnosed with early NEC.11 However, this imaging modality is notused routinely in the diagnosis or management of NEC.As the incidence of surgical NEC and mortality from NEC continuesto be high, the literature to demonstrate the shortcomings ofabdominal radiographs and promise of abdominal ultrasound in diagnosisof NEC is reviewed

Identifikasi Kesulitan Guru IPA dalam Merencanakan dan Melaksanakan Asesmen

This study aims was to measure science teachers in Labuhan Maringgai sub-district in planning and implementing the assesement. The samples of this research were 30 science teachers of SMP in Labuhan Maringgai sub-district. Qualitative data was analyzed by descriptive statistic technique. The results showed that the average of science teachers difficulties in planning and implementing assesement was sufficient. The highest percentage that caused teachers difficulties in planning assesement was pinning the learning objectives. While the problems that caused difficulties in conducting assesement were implementing affective domain assesement, especially in observing aspects and conditioning the assesement implementation. It can be concluded that the difficulties of science teachers in Junior High School in Labuhan Maringgai District in planning assesement had difficulty in determining assesement techniques and determining the form of assesement. The difficulty of assesement implementation was implementing the affective domain assesement, that domain can not be measured because the attitude and character of learners at any time may change.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kesulitan guru IPA se-Kecamatan Labuhan Maringgai dalam merencanakan dan melaksanakan asesmen. Sampel penelitian adalah 30 guru IPA SMP se-Kecamatan Labuhan Maringgai. Data kualitatif dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kesulitan yang dialami guru IPA dalam merencanakan dan melaksanakan asesmen tergolong cukup. Persentase tertinggi yang menyebabkan guru kesulitan dalam merencanakan asesmen adalah menetapkan tujuan pembelajaran. Sedangkan persentase tertinggi yang menyebabkan guru kesulitan dalam melaksanakan asesmen adalah dalam pelaksanaan asesmen ranah afektif, terutama dalam mengamati aspek sikap dan mengkondisikan pelaksanaan asesmen. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kesulitan guru IPA SMP se-Kecamatan Labuhan Maringgai dalam merencanakan asesmen yaitu dalam menentukan teknik asesmen dan menentukan bentuk asesmen. Kesulitan dalam melaksanakan asesmen yaitu pada ranah afektif, ranah tersebut tidak dapat diukur karena sikap dan karakter peserta didik sewaktu-waktu dapat berubah.Kata kunci: asesmen, guru IPA, kesulitan, melaksanakan, merencanaka

Ohmic Heating Technology and Its Application in Meaty Food: A Review

The purpose of the current review paper is to investigate and analyze about the effects of ohmic heating (OH) different application in the field of fish, meat and its product and compare it with other conventional thermal methods of food processing such as thawing, heating, cooking etc. Food quality, food safety, convenience, freshness, healthy food, natural flavor and taste with extended shelf-life are the main criteria for the demand made by today’s consumers. Ohmic heating is a substitute of conventional heating method of food commodities. It has shorter heating times, avoid hot surfaces and help to minimize temperature gradients. Product parameters such as electrical, thermo-physical and rheological properties of the food and process parameters such as the current frequency, electrode material and the geometry of ohmic chamber affect the process. as a result various application of OH are found such as heating, evaporation, dehydration, extraction, waste water treatment, thawing, cooking of different type fish and meat and its product such as meat ball, hamburger patties surmi, beef, turkey etc

Structural analysis of the regulatory GAF domains of cGMP phosphodiesterase elucidates the allosteric communication pathway

Regulation of photoreceptor phosphodiesterase (PDE6) activity is responsible for the speed, sensitivity, and recovery of the photoresponse during visual signaling in vertebrate photoreceptor cells. It is hypothesized that the physiological differences in the light responsiveness of rods and cones may result in part from differences in the structure and regulation of the distinct isoforms of rod and cone PDE6. Although rod and cone PDE6 catalytic subunits share a similar domain organization consisting of tandem GAF domains (GAFa and GAFb) and a catalytic domain, cone PDE6 is a homodimer whereas the rod PDE6 catalytic dimer is composed of two homologous catalytic subunits. Here we provide the x-ray crystal structure of cone GAFab regulatory domain solved at 3.3 Å resolution in conjunction with chemical cross-linking and mass spectrometric analysis of conformational changes to GAFab induced upon binding of cGMP and the PDE6 inhibitory γ-subunit (Pγ). Ligand-induced changes in cross-linked residues implicate the α4-helix of GAFa (close to the cGMP binding site) and the β1/β2 loop of GAFb as key motifs that have been previously proposed to communicate with the catalytic domains of PDE6. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of cone GAFab revealed asymmetry in the two GAFab subunits forming the homodimer and allosteric perturbations on cGMP binding. Cross-linking of Pγ to GAFab in conjunction with solution NMR spectroscopy of isotopically labeled Pγ identified the central polycationic region of Pγ interacting with the GAFb domain. These results provide a mechanistic basis for developing allosteric activators of PDE6 with therapeutic implications for halting the progression of certain retinal degenerative diseases

Self-stabilizing Overlays for high-dimensional Monotonic Searchability

We extend the concept of monotonic searchability for self-stabilizing systems from one to multiple dimensions. A system is self-stabilizing if it can recover to a legitimate state from any initial illegal state. These kind of systems are most often used in distributed applications. Monotonic searchability provides guarantees when searching for nodes while the recovery process is going on. More precisely, if a search request started at some node $u$ succeeds in reaching its destination $v$, then all future search requests from $u$ to $v$ succeed as well. Although there already exists a self-stabilizing protocol for a two-dimensional topology and an universal approach for monotonic searchability, it is not clear how both of these concepts fit together effectively. The latter concept even comes with some restrictive assumptions on messages, which is not the case for our protocol. We propose a simple novel protocol for a self-stabilizing two-dimensional quadtree that satisfies monotonic searchability. Our protocol can easily be extended to higher dimensions and offers routing in $\mathcal O(\log n)$ hops for any search request

Hif-1α regulates differentiation of limb bud mesenchyme and joint development

Recent evidence suggests that low oxygen tension (hypoxia) may control fetal development and differentiation. A crucial mediator of the adaptive response of cells to hypoxia is the transcription factor Hif-1α. In this study, we provide evidence that mesenchymal condensations that give origin to endochondral bones are hypoxic during fetal development, and we demonstrate that Hif-1α is expressed and transcriptionally active in limb bud mesenchyme and in mesenchymal condensations. To investigate the role of Hif-1α in mesenchymal condensations and in early chondrogenesis, we conditionally inactivated Hif-1α in limb bud mesenchyme using a Prx1 promoter-driven Cre transgenic mouse. Conditional knockout of Hif-1α in limb bud mesenchyme does not impair mesenchyme condensation, but alters the formation of the cartilaginous primordia. Late hypertrophic differentiation is also affected as a result of the delay in early chondrogenesis. In addition, mutant mice show a striking impairment of joint development. Our study demonstrates a crucial, and previously unrecognized, role of Hif-1α in early chondrogenesis and joint formation

Chylous ascites and chylothorax: a case study

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Genetic Risk Score for Essential Hypertension and Risk of Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive complication of pregnancy characterized by novel onset of hypertension after 20 weeks gestation, accompanied by proteinuria. Epidemiological evidence suggests that genetic susceptibility exists for preeclampsia; however, whether preeclampsia is the result of underlying genetic risk for essential hypertension has yet to be investigated. Based on the hypertensive state that is characteristic of preeclampsia, we aimed to determine if established genetic risk scores (GRSs) for hypertension and blood pressure are associated with preeclampsia