240 research outputs found
ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES CONTAINING ETOPOSIDE USING ALBINO RATS AS EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODEL
Objective: Etoposide is a potent anticancer drug and a major limiting factor that hinders therapeutic use as its high levels of systemic circulation often associated with various off-target effects, particularly cardiotoxicity. The present study focuses on the evaluation of the anticancer activity of optimized etoposide nanoparticles compared with marketed etoposide formulation in experimental animal models.Methods: Albino rats (180–200 g) were used for the study. The anticancer effect of the formulated etoposide nanoparticles was evaluated by induction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The animals housed in cages and kept on a 12 h light/dark cycle. Following the acclimatization for 1 week, HCC will be induced in rats by adding 100 mg/L of diethylnitrosamine (DENA) in drinking water for 8 weeks. Drug treatment (etoposide [9 mg/kg] in 0.5 % carboxymethyl cellulose; p.o.) can be started at the end of 1 week after cancer induction and dose of 9 mg/kg of etoposide and lyophilized nanoparticles will be administered through oral route on 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Nanoformulations were evaluated in healthy rats, and anticancer activity was studied in DENA treated rats.Results: The results showed that the polymeric nanoparticles containing etoposide was screened for its anticancer activity by counting the liver nodules of rats with hematoxylin and eosin stain when comparing control and etoposide-treated group.Conclusion: The results of the study concluded that in rats treated with nanoformulations, the numbers of liver nodules were found to be significantly reduced
Analysis of batch arrival bulk service queue with multiple vacation closedown essential and optional repair
The objective of this paper is to analyze an queueing model with multiple vacation, closedown, essential and optional repair. Whenever the queue size is less than , the server starts closedown and then goes to multiple vacation. This process continues until at least customer is waiting in the queue. Breakdown may occur with probability when the server is busy. After finishing a batch of service, if the server gets breakdown with a probability , the server will be sent for repair. After the completion of the first essential repair, the server is sent to the second optional repair with probability . After repair (first or second) or if there is no breakdown with probability , the server resumes closedown if less than ` \u27 customers are waiting. Otherwise, the server starts the service under the general bulk service rule. Using supplementary variable technique, the probability generating function of the queue size at an arbitrary time is obtained for the steady-state case. Also some performance measures and cost model are derived. Numerical illustrations are presented to visualize the effect of various system parameters
FAILURE MODES AND EFFECTS ANALYSIS OF DRIVING MECHANISM IN HORIZONTAL PLANNING MACHINE
In this paper the failure analysis and optimization of horizontal mechanism in a horizontal planning machine rack and pinion arrangement is needed for the translation movement. The relative motion between the fixed and movable bed are being in friction with the ability of V guide ways. And the drive of this mechanism is rack and pinion arrangement. In general, wear occurring in V-Guides ways and drive mechanism are not equal. So that, the variation of the wear amount should affect the surface level of to be machined component. The failure is rectified to implement the new mechanism (arrangement) in driven portion of the horizontal mechanism. The main concept of this paper is that the surface level of the machined component has to be fine. The modification of the mechanism is to change the position of gear rack and pinion. In existing, the gear tooth is in horizontal and crosswise to the guide ways. Instead of that, the gear tooth is perpendicular to the guide ways. If the wear occurred in this modified one, the gear engaging length will increase. The modified mechanism does not affect the addendum and dedundum of the gear profile
Comparison of Friedewald’s formula, modified Friedewald’s formula and Anandaraja’s formula with direct homogenous serum LDL cholesterol method in CHD patients
Background: Elevated serum Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration is a well-known atherogenic risk factor with a high predictive value for coronary heart disease. An important aspect of the assessment of coronary heart disease risk for a dyslipidemic subject is the estimation of serum Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C). There are many homogenous assays currently available for the estimation of serum LDL-C. Most clinical laboratories determine LDL-C (mg/dl) by Friedewald’s formula (FF), LD-=(TC)-HDL-C)-(TG/5), Modified Friedewald’s formula (MFF), LDL-C=(TC)-(HDL-C)-(TG/6), Recently Anandaraja and colleagues have derived a new formula for calculating LDL-C, AR-LDL-C=0.9 TC-(0.9 TG/5)-28.Methods: It is cross-sectional study. Lipid profile data was collected from known of CHD patients, who had come for lipid profile investigation to the Central Biochemistry laboratory of ACPM Medical College and hospital. LDL-C estimation was done by direct homogenous assay and also calculated using the Friedewald’s Formula, Modified Friedewald’s Formula and Anandaraja’s Formula for assessing and validity of the LDL cholesterol.Results: From the present study, The LDL-FF, MFW and AR are increased with levels of TGL > 200 mg/dl and decreased level of TC < 200 mg/dl seem to interfere with the estimation of Direct LDL cholesterolConclusions: Authors conclude that, LDL-C by direct method is most reliable and sensitive in CHD patients compare with FF, MFW, and ARF
Case studies on heat stress related perceptions in different industrial sectors in southern India
Linkages between thermal loads and its physiological consequences have been widely studied in non-tropical developed country settings. In many developing countries like India, despite the widespread recognition of the problem, limited attempts have been made to estimate health impacts related to occupational heat stress and fewer yet to link heat stress with potential productivity losses. This is reflected in the ubiquity of workplaces with limited or no controls to reduce exposures. As a prelude to understanding the feasibility of alternative interventions in different industrial sectors, we present case studies from 10 different industrial units in Tamil Nadu, Chennai, which describe perceptions of occupational heat stress among the workers and supervisors/management
Fisheries Sciences
The history of fisheries research in India goes back to the early 19th century,
when dried or preserved material was sent to the Museums of Natural History in
England and other European countries for identification and cataloguing (Silas,
2003). Some of the earliest scientific observations on fisheries in pre-independent
India were the works of Francis Hamilton-Buchanan (1822) and Francis Day,
whose initial work on ‘The Fishes of Malabar’ (1865), was followed by a
monograph on ‘The Fishes of India’ (1875-78); and two more volumes on ‘Fishes’
in ‘The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma’ (1889).
The enactment of Indian Fisheries Act of 1897 was a major landmark in the
development of fisheries in pre-independent India. In the latter half of 19th century,
emphasis on coastal and deep-water surveys in the Bay of Bengal and Andaman
Sea led to possession of valuable information on new deepwater fauna of fishes
and crustaceans, hydrology and plankton. The initial work by the Zoological
Survey of India on fisheries and marine biology through eminent leadership of its
Directors, viz. Nelsen Annandale, Stanley Kemp, Seymour Sewell, Baini Prasad
and S. L. Hora during first half of the 20th century led to generation of several
first hand information on the taxonomy, bionomics, eco-biology, hydrology, and
fish and fisheries of upland lakes, rivers and coastal waters. The emphasis shifted
from coastal and deep-water surveys in the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea to
upland lakes, rivers and coastal waters in the beginning of the 20th century. With
the establishment of the Bureau of Fisheries in 1907, the Madras Presidency
became the pioneer for fisheries development in India. Establishment of the Marine
Biological Station at Krusadai Island in 1924 and subsequently at West Hill and
Ennore led to organized research programmes on pearl and chank fisheries in the
Gulf of Mannar
Association between ACTN3 R577X genotype and risk of non-contact injury in trained athletes:A systematic review
International audienceBACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to review, systematically, evidence concerning the link between the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and the rates and severity of non-contact injuries and exercise-induced muscle damage in athletes and individuals enrolled in exercise training programs. METHODS: A computerized literature search was performed in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus, from inception until November 2020. All included studies compared the epidemiological characteristics of non-contact injury between the different genotypes of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism. RESULTS: Our search identified 492 records. After the screening of titles, abstracts, and full texts, 13 studies examining the association between the ACTN3 genotypes and the rate and severity of non-contact injury were included in the analysis. These studies were performed in 6 different countries (Spain, Japan, Brazil, China, Republic of Korea, and Italy) and involved a total participant pool of 1093 participants. Of the studies, 2 involved only women, 5 involved only men, and 6 involved both men and women. All the studies included were classified as high-quality studies (≥6 points on the Physiotherapy Evidence Database [PEDro] scale). Overall, evidence suggests there is an association between the ACTN3 R577X genotype and non-contact injury in 12 investigations. Six studies observed a significant association between ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and exercise induced muscle damage: 2 with non-contact ankle injury, 3 with non-contact muscle injury, and 1 with overall non-contact injury. CONCLUSION: The present findings support the premise that possessing the ACTN3 XX genotype may predispose athletes to a higher probability of some non-contact injuries, such as muscle injury, ankle sprains, and higher levels of exercise-induced muscle damage
Surgical management of a diabetic calcaneal ulceration and osteomyelitis with a partial calcanectomy and a sural neurofasciocutaneous flap
The treatment of calcaneal osteomyelitis in diabetic patients poses a great challenge to the treating physician and surgeon. The use of a distally based sural neurofasciocutaneous flap after an aggressive debridement of non-viable and poorly vascularized tissue and bone that is combined with a thorough antibiotic regimen provides a great technique for adequate soft tissue coverage of the heel. In this case report, the authors describe the aforementioned flap as a versatile alternative to the use of local or distant muscle flaps for diabetic patients with calcaneal osteomyelitis and concomitant large wounds
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