Geochemical, mineralogical and geophysical studies (VLF) in the prospecting for vein-type gold deposits in the former Klecza–Radomice Ore District in the Kaczawskie Mountains

The abandoned Klecza–Radomice gold mining area in the Kaczawskie Mountains is prospective for new occurrences of vein-type gold deposits. Research of sulphide ore samples from old mining wastes confirmed a rich gold abundance in this area. Chemical bulk-rock analyses proved a high content of gold (up to 60 ppm Au) and a common occurrence of microscopic gold (mainly electrum). The application of geophysical VLF surveys showed a number of linear anomalies indicating the possibility of the emergence of new ore veins between the areas of former mining exploitation. This area is very promising for gold prospecting and should be the subject of further geophysical research using the induced polarization method (IP), and verified by shallow prospecting drillings. Execution of this type of comprehensive exploration and research work would open a completely new stage of prospecting for primary gold deposits in the Sudetes

Combustion engine applications of waste tyre pyrolytic oil

There is abundant worldwide research into combustion engine applications for tyre pyrolysis oil (TPO). However, many of these studies demonstrate conflicting or ambiguous results, so although the huge number of used tyres promises good availability for TPO, its role as fuel for transport applications is still uncertain. This review´s goal is to clarify the case for TPO as transport fuel by means of a critical, wide-ranging and updated review of TPO's engine applications. The work gathers, collates and analyses the results of over 200 influential original research papers, aiming to answer the governing research questions related to TPO production and quality, post-processing and quality improvement and its final end-use engine validation. The work re-evaluates the environmental aspects of TPO technology, setting it against the latest backdrop of growing climate change concern and the urgency to find alternative fuels. The hard economics of TPO are also addressed, for example, assessing other end-of-life tyre management routes and competing fuel alternatives. The critical discussion on the key issues, including the most relevant drivers and boundaries, points towards TPO's use as a fuel component in marine, off-road and heavy-duty road applications. The results indicate that state-of-the-art production methods yield fuel that could be used directly in bunkering chains for marine transport as low-sulphur fuel oil. Discussion reveals that automotive applications are limited to blends not exceeding 10% tyre pyrolytic oil: sulphur and polyaromatic hydrocarbons contents and particulate emissions are the main constraints. Pyrolysis process efficiency is high and feedstock for TPO is both available and flexible. Waste tyre-derived pyrolytic oils could function as a supplementary solution to biofuels, blended to take advantage of their complementary properties. The particular added value of this review is that it bridges the latest knowledge from several domains related to TPO fuel: industrial management, process chemistry, fuel science and combustion/engine research. The resultant analysis is expressed in terms that are accessible to all those domains. It underlines how studies from an individual domain perspective fail to produce the holistic view. The review creates a route towards modern multidisciplinary research supporting TPO´s role in global transition to circular economy.©2021 Elsevier. This manuscript version is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial–NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY–NC–ND 4.0) license, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

The Role of 3D Printing in Planning Complex Medical Procedures and Training of Medical Professionals—Cross-Sectional Multispecialty Review

Medicine is a rapidly-evolving discipline, with progress picking up pace with each passing decade. This constant evolution results in the introduction of new tools and methods, which in turn occasionally leads to paradigm shifts across the affected medical fields. The following review attempts to showcase how 3D printing has begun to reshape and improve processes across various medical specialties and where it has the potential to make a significant impact. The current state-of-the-art, as well as real-life clinical applications of 3D printing, are reflected in the perspectives of specialists practicing in the selected disciplines, with a focus on pre-procedural planning, simulation (rehearsal) of non-routine procedures, and on medical education and training. A review of the latest multidisciplinary literature on the subject offers a general summary of the advances enabled by 3D printing. Numerous advantages and applications were found, such as gaining better insight into patient-specific anatomy, better pre-operative planning, mock simulated surgeries, simulation-based training and education, development of surgical guides and other tools, patient-specific implants, bioprinted organs or structures, and counseling of patients. It was evident that pre-procedural planning and rehearsing of unusual or difficult procedures and training of medical professionals in these procedures are extremely useful and transformative