Breakfast Consumption in the UK: Patterns, Nutrient Intake and Diet Quality.:A Study from the International Breakfast Research Initiative Group

Breakfast consumption is associated with higher overall dietary adequacy; however, there is a lack of quantitative guidelines for optimal nutrient intakes at breakfast in the UK. This study aimed to investigate nutrient and food group intakes at breakfast and examine their relationship to overall Diet Quality (DQ). Data from the most recent National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS, 2008–2014) were accessed to provide a representative sample (n = 8174) of the UK population, aged 5–96 years, mean age of 33 years. Food intake was measured by a 4-day estimated food diary and DQ was assessed by the Nutrient Rich Food Index 9.3 method. Energy- and socio-economic-adjusted nutrient and food group intakes were compared across age groups and DQ tertiles by ANCOVA. Breakfast contributed 20–22% to total energy intake. Breakfast intakes of carbohydrate and non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES) were higher, and intakes of protein, total fat and saturated fatty acid (SFA) were lower, than relative daily intakes. Breakfast was particularly rich in B vitamins, vitamin D, calcium, iron, iodine and magnesium. From the lowest to the highest DQ tertile decreasing intakes of NMES, SFA and total fat and increasing intakes of carbohydrate, protein, fibre and most micronutrients were found. These findings could help to inform the development of nutrient-based recommendations for a balanced breakfast for the first time in the UK

Interaction between TCF7L2 polymorphism and dietary fat intake on high density lipoprotein cholesterol

Recent evidence suggests that lifestyle factors influence the association between the Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) and Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 (TCF7L2) gene variants and cardio-metabolic traits in several populations; however, the available research is limited among the Asian Indian population. Hence, the present study examined whether the association between the MC4R single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs17782313) and two SNPs of the TCF7L2 gene (rs12255372 and rs7903146) and cardio-metabolic traits is modified by dietary factors and physical activity. This cross sectional study included a random sample of normal glucose tolerant (NGT) (n = 821) and participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) (n = 861) recruited from the urban part of the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES). A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used for dietary assessment and self-reported physical activity measures were collected. The threshold for significance was set at P = 0.00023 based on Bonferroni correction for multiple testing [(0.05/210 (3 SNPs x 14 outcomes x 5 lifestyle factors)]. After Bonferroni correction, there was a significant interaction between the TCF7L2 rs12255372 SNP and fat intake (g/day) (Pinteraction = 0.0001) on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), where the 'T' allele carriers in the lowest tertile of total fat intake had higher HDL-C (P = 0.008) and those in the highest tertile (P = 0.017) had lower HDL-C compared to the GG homozygotes. In a secondary analysis of SNPs with the subtypes of fat, there was also a significant interaction between the SNP rs12255372 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, g/day) (Pinteraction<0.0001) on HDL-C, where the minor allele carriers had higher HDL-C in the lowest PUFA tertile (P = 0.024) and those in the highest PUFA tertile had lower HDL-C (P = 0.028) than GG homozygotes. In addition, a significant interaction was also seen between TCF7L2 SNP rs12255372 and fibre intake (g/day) on HDL-C (Pinteraction<0.0001). None of the other interactions between the SNPs and lifestyle factors were statistically significant after correction for multiple testing. Our findings indicate that the association between TCF7L2 SNP rs12255372 and HDL-C may be modified by dietary fat intake in this Asian Indian population

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Breakfast Consumption in the UK: Patterns, Nutrient Intake and Diet Quality. A Study from the International Breakfast Research Initiative Group

Breakfast consumption is associated with higher overall dietary adequacy; however, there is a lack of quantitative guidelines for optimal nutrient intakes at breakfast in the UK. This study aimed to investigate nutrient and food group intakes at breakfast and examine their relationship to overall Diet Quality (DQ). Data from the most recent National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS, 2008&ndash;2014) were accessed to provide a representative sample (n = 8174) of the UK population, aged 5&ndash;96 years, mean age of 33 years. Food intake was measured by a 4-day estimated food diary and DQ was assessed by the Nutrient Rich Food Index 9.3 method. Energy- and socio-economic-adjusted nutrient and food group intakes were compared across age groups and DQ tertiles by ANCOVA. Breakfast contributed 20&ndash;22% to total energy intake. Breakfast intakes of carbohydrate and non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES) were higher, and intakes of protein, total fat and saturated fatty acid (SFA) were lower, than relative daily intakes. Breakfast was particularly rich in B vitamins, vitamin D, calcium, iron, iodine and magnesium. From the lowest to the highest DQ tertile decreasing intakes of NMES, SFA and total fat and increasing intakes of carbohydrate, protein, fibre and most micronutrients were found. These findings could help to inform the development of nutrient-based recommendations for a balanced breakfast for the first time in the UK

A simple clinical method for predicting the benefit of prone vs. supine positioning in reducing heart exposure during left breast radiotherapy

Background and purpose: The benefit of reduced radiation heart exposure in the prone vs. supine position individually differs. In this prospective cohort study, the goal was to develop a simple method for the operation of a validated model for the prediction of preferable treatment position during left breast radiotherapy. Material and methods: In 100 cases, a single CT slice was utilized for the collection of the needed patientspecific data (in addition to body mass index, the distance of the LAD from the chest wall and the area of the heart included in the radiation fields at the middle of the heart in the supine position). Outcome was analyzed in relation to the full CT series acquired in both positions and dosimetric data. Results: Great consistency was found between the tested and original method regarding sensitivity and specificity. The prioritization of LAD dose, and the use of heart dose and position-specific dose constraints as safety measures ensure sensitivity and specificity values of 82.8% and 87.3%, respectively. In an additional ‘‘routine clinical practice” series of 60 patients the new method seemed feasible in routine clinical practice. External testing on a 28-case series indicated similar accuracy. Conclusion: We consider this simple clinical tool appropriate for assisting individual positioning aiming at maximum heart protection during left breast irradiatio

Complex forming competition and in-vitro toxicity studies on the applicability of di-2-pyridylketone-4,4,-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT) as a metal chelator.

Di-2-pyridylketone-4,4,-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT) is a potential candidate in chelation therapy as an iron chelator. This study showed that a combined treatment with 2muM easily available Fe(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) each and 5muM Dp44mT on eight different cancer cell lines resulted in a 10-40-fold increase in the intracellular Cu content compared to control samples. The uptake of Cu and Cu-dependent cytotoxicity strictly depend on the Cu concentration of the culture medium. Even as low concentration of Dp44mT as 0.1muM can transport high amounts of copper inside the cells. The Cu accumulation and toxicity through Dp44mT can hardly be influenced by Fe. Copper uptake and toxicity triggered by 2muM extracellular Cu(II) and 5muM Dp44mT could not be influenced by Fe(II) extracellular concentrations even 50-times higher than that of Cu(II). A 50-times higher Co(II) extracellular concentration hindered the Cu(II) uptake almost completely and a 10-times higher Co(II) concentration already decreased the Dp44mT-mediated Cu toxicity. Conditional complex stability constant determinations for Dp44mT with Cu(II), Co(II), Fe(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) revealed that the metal-to-ligand ratio is 1:1 in [Cu(II)Dp44mT] complex, while for Co(II), Fe(II) and Ni(II) is 1:2. The highest stability constant was obtained for Cu(II) (lg beta=7.08+/-0.05) and Co(II) (lg beta2=12.47+/-0.07). According to our results, Dp44mT in combination with Cu is highly toxic in vitro. Therefore, the use of Dp44mT as an iron chelator is limited if biologically available Cu is also present even at low concentrations

Study of dinuclear Rh(II) complexes of phenylalanine derivatives as potential anticancer agents by using X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption

In vitro antitumor efficacy of several dinuclear bridgings and one chelate structure dirhodium(II) complex of N-protected phenylalanine derivatives were tested on HT-29 cells. The following synthesized and previously characterized complexes were applied in the present work: Rh-2(OAc)(4)(O-Phe-Z)(n) (n = 1-4, O--Phe-Z = N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalaninate), Rh-2(OAc)(4-n)(O-Phe-Ac)(n) (n = 1-4, O--Phe-Ac = N-acetyl-L-phenylalaninate), Rh-2(OAc)(2)(N-Me-D-Phe-O)(2) corresponding to N-methyl-D-phenylalaninate as well as Rh-2(OAc)(4) (-OAc = acetate). Depending on the complex ligand type and its coordination number, the intracellular rhodium (Rh) content determined by total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectrometry in the HT-29 cells varied between 25 and 2500 ng/10(6) cells. In vitro cytotoxicity and cytostatic evaluations of the compounds on HT-29 human cell culture were performed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium assay. Compared to Rh-2(OAc)(4), the Rh compounds containing one or two O--Phe-Z moieties proved to be the most effective on the HT-29 cells. Moreover, synchrotron radiation TXRF-X-ray absorption near edge structure measurements suggested a change of the molecular symmetry of the dirhodium(II) center for the moderately in vitro cytotoxic, lipophilic L-phenylalanine derivative complexes, characterized also by low ligand exchange rate when they were studied on HT-29 cells. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Interaction of the <i>TCF7L2</i> gene polymorphism (rs12255372) with fat (g) intake, PUFA intake and Alpha Linolenic Acid (g) intake on HDL-C.

<p>Individuals carrying the ‘XT’ genotype had 2.26 mg/dl higher HDL-C in the lowest fat tertile (P = 0.008), while those in the highest tertile had 1.87 mg/dl lower HDL-C (P = 0.017) than those who carry the ‘GG’ allele. Carriers of the ‘XT’ genotype had 1.96 mg/dl higher HDL-C in the 1^st tertile of PUFA intake (g) (P = 0.024), while those in the 3^rd tertile had 1.64 mg/dl lower HDL-C in comparison to the carriers of the ‘GG’ genotype (P = 0.028). In the 1^st tertile of Alpha Linolenic acid intake (g), individuals with the ‘XT’ genotype had 2.42 mg/dl higher HDL-C than the ‘GG’ homozygotes (P = 0.004).</p

Interactions of <i>TCF7L2</i> SNPs rs12255372 and rs7903146 with carbohydrate, fibre and protein intake on HDL-C, fasting blood glucose and diastolic blood pressure.

<p>Interactions of <i>TCF7L2</i> SNPs rs12255372 and rs7903146 with carbohydrate, fibre and protein intake on HDL-C, fasting blood glucose and diastolic blood pressure.</p

Genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for acute myeloid leukemia

Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy with an undefined heritable risk. Here we perform a meta-analysis of three genome-wide association studies, with replication in a fourth study, incorporating a total of 4018 AML cases and 10488 controls. We identify a genome-wide significant risk locus for AML at 11q13.2 (rs4930561; P = 2.15 x 10(-8); KMT5B). We also identify a genome-wide significant risk locus for the cytogenetically normal AML sub-group (N = 1287) at 6p21.32 (rs3916765; P = 1.51 x 10(-10); HLA). Our results inform on AML etiology and identify putative functional genes operating in histone methylation (KMT5B) and immune function (HLA). Genome wide association studies in cancer are used to understand the heritable genetic contribution to disease risk. Here, the authors perform a genome wide association study in European patients with acute myeloid leukemia and identify loci associated with risk of developing the disease.Peer reviewe