Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Deficiencias nutrimentales inducidas en higuera cv. Neza en condiciones hidropónicas

The fig tree (Ficus caricaL.) is one of the oldest trees in the world, produces fruits with high nutritional content and is used for medicinal purposes. Currently, this crop has been especially importantin Mexico, that is why this research was aimed at: analyzing the nutritional deficiencies induced in fig plants Ficus caricacv. Neza in hydroponic conditions using the missing element technique. To carry it out, six solutions were prepared, one with all the ions and five with a missing nutrient element. The experiment was carried out under a completely randomized design with six treatments (complete solution and five of them without a macronutrient: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium) with five replications. Growth variables were evaluated: number of leaves, height, stem diameter, number of fruits and leaf area. In addition, chemical tissue analyzes were performed to confirm nutritional deficiency and visual symptoms. Data were analyzed through ANVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). Significant differences were detected between the treatments without nitrogen and without calcium with respect to the complete solution (Solcomp) in the variables of growth and nutritional content, manifesting visually. In the treatment without phosphorus (SP) there were no significant differences. In conclusion, the information on the content of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in the leaf tissue will serve as a reference to producers of this species to correct nutritional deficiencies of these elements in the development of the fig tree.La higuera (Ficus carica L.) es uno de los árboles más antiguo del mundo, produce frutos con alto contenido nutricional y se utiliza con fines medicinales. En la actualidad, este cultivo ha tenido mucha importancia en México, por eso se planteó esta investigación que tuvo como objetivo: analizar las deficiencias nutrimentales inducidas en plantas de higuera Ficus carica cv. Neza en condiciones de hidroponía mediante la técnica del elemento faltante. Para llevarla a cabo, se prepararon seis soluciones, una con todos los iones y cinco con un elemento nutrimental faltante. El experimento se planteó bajo un diseño completamente al azar con seis tratamientos (solución completa y cinco de ellos sin un macronutrimento: nitrógeno, fósforo, potasio, calcio y magnesio) con cinco repeticiones. Se evaluaron variables de crecimiento: número de hojas, altura, diámetro del tallo, número de frutos y área foliar. Además, se realizaron análisis químicos del tejido para confirmar la deficiencia nutrimental y la sintomatología visual. Se analizaron los datos a través de un ANVA y pruebas de Tukey (α= 0.05). Se detectaron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos sin nitrógeno y sin calcio con respecto a la solución completa (Solcomp) en las variables de crecimiento y de contenido nutrimental manifestándose de manera visual. En el tratamiento sin fósforo (SP) no se manifestaron diferencias significativas. Como conclusión, la información sobre contenido de N, P, K, Ca y Mg en el tejido foliar servirá como referencia a productores de esta especie para corregir deficiencias nutrimentales de estos elementos en el desarrollo de la higuera

Protocolos de aislamiento y diagnóstico de "Phytophthora" spp. enfoque aplicado a la investigación

The purpose of this review is to make known to the researcher, fundamental protocols that are used for the isolation, diagnosis and identification of Phytophthora spp., covering general aspects of the genus for a better understanding and analysis of the same. This information will be useful for researchers working with diseases caused by this oomycete, and is mainly addressed to countries in Latin America. Currently, conventional and molecular methods are used for the detection and identification of Phytophthora species. Conventional methods include the use of taxonomic keys, observation of symptoms and detection of signs of the pathogen in diseased plants, and isolation of the causative agent of infected plant tissue, soil surrounding roots and water sources used for irrigation, using general or selective culture media. Molecular methods provide results that are more accurate in Phytophthora identification and can be performed in shorter time periods and it is not essential that the researcher has experience in aspects of the morphology of members of this genus. It is advisable to integrate the morphological and molecular characterization for the identification, description and taxonomy of Phytophthora. Palabras clave: Phytophthora , isolated, medium selectiveEl propósito de esta revisión es dar a conocer al investigador, protocolos fundamentales que se emplean para el aislamiento, diagnóstico e identificación de Phytophthora spp., cubriendo aspectos generales del género para una mejor comprensión y análisis del mismo. Esta información será de utilidad para investigadores que trabajan con enfermedades causadas por este oomicete, y va dirigida a países de América Latina. Actualmente, se emplean métodos convencionales y moleculares para la detección e identificación de especies de Phytophthora. Los métodos convencionales incluyen el uso de claves taxonómicas, la observación de síntomas y detección de signos del patógeno en las plantas enfermas y el aislamiento del agente causal del tejido vegetal infectado, del suelo que rodea a las raíces y de las fuentes de agua utilizadas para el riego, usando medios de cultivo generales o selectivos. Los métodos moleculares proporcionan resultados que son más precisos en la identificación de Phytophthora , además de que se pueden realizar en lapsos de tiempo más cortos y no es indispensable que el investigador tenga experiencia en aspectos de la morfología de los miembros de este género. Es recomendable integrar la caracterización morfológica y molecular para la identi ficación, descripción y taxonomía de Phytophthora . Palabras clave: Phytophthora , aislados, medio selectivo

Phylogenomic Analysis of a 55.1-kb 19-Gene Dataset Resolves a Monophyletic Fusarium that Includes the Fusarium solani Species Complex.

Scientific communication is facilitated by a data-driven, scientifically sound taxonomy that considers the end-user's needs and established successful practice. In 2013, the Fusarium community voiced near unanimous support for a concept of Fusarium that represented a clade comprising all agriculturally and clinically important Fusarium species, including the F. solani species complex (FSSC). Subsequently, this concept was challenged in 2015 by one research group who proposed dividing the genus Fusarium into seven genera, including the FSSC described as members of the genus Neocosmospora, with subsequent justification in 2018 based on claims that the 2013 concept of Fusarium is polyphyletic. Here, we test this claim and provide a phylogeny based on exonic nucleotide sequences of 19 orthologous protein-coding genes that strongly support the monophyly of Fusarium including the FSSC. We reassert the practical and scientific argument in support of a genus Fusarium that includes the FSSC and several other basal lineages, consistent with the longstanding use of this name among plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, students, and researchers with a stake in its taxonomy. In recognition of this monophyly, 40 species described as genus Neocosmospora were recombined in genus Fusarium, and nine others were renamed Fusarium. Here the global Fusarium community voices strong support for the inclusion of the FSSC in Fusarium, as it remains the best scientific, nomenclatural, and practical taxonomic option available

Phylogenomic analysis of a 55.1 kb 19-gene dataset resolves a monophyletic Fusarium that includes the Fusarium solani Species Complex.

Scientific communication is facilitated by a data-driven, scientifically sound taxonomy that considers the end-user's needs and established successful practice. Previously (Geiser et al. 2013; Phytopathology 103:400-408. 2013), the Fusarium community voiced near unanimous support for a concept of Fusarium that represented a clade comprising all agriculturally and clinically important Fusarium species, including the F. solani Species Complex (FSSC). Subsequently, this concept was challenged by one research group (Lombard et al. 2015 Studies in Mycology 80: 189-245) who proposed dividing Fusarium into seven genera, including the FSSC as the genus Neocosmospora, with subsequent justification based on claims that the Geiser et al. (2013) concept of Fusarium is polyphyletic (Sandoval-Denis et al. 2018; Persoonia 41:109-129). Here we test this claim, and provide a phylogeny based on exonic nucleotide sequences of 19 orthologous protein-coding genes that strongly support the monophyly of Fusarium including the FSSC. We reassert the practical and scientific argument in support of a Fusarium that includes the FSSC and several other basal lineages, consistent with the longstanding use of this name among plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, students and researchers with a stake in its taxonomy. In recognition of this monophyly, 40 species recently described as Neocosmospora were recombined in Fusarium, and nine others were renamed Fusarium. Here the global Fusarium community voices strong support for the inclusion of the FSSC in Fusarium, as it remains the best scientific, nomenclatural and practical taxonomic option available