Pesantren Inklusif Berbasis Kearifan Lokal: Studi Etnografi Pesantren Tebuireng Jombang

Studi ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengerti akar, dinamika, dan inspirator inklusivisme Pesantren Tebuireng; (2) mengungkap filosofi dan paradigma pesantren inklusif berbasis budaya dan kearifan lokal di Pesantren Tebuireng; (3) mengetahui nilai-nilai budaya dan kearifan lokal yang dikembangkan dan ditransmisikan Pesantren Tebuireng kepada santri/masyarakat; (4) mengidentifikasi berbagai usaha yang dilakukan pesantren inklusif berbasis budaya dan kearifan lokal dalam melakukan modernisasi dan membangun harmoni; dan (5) memahami langkah-langkah pesantren inklusif berbasis budaya dan kearifan lokal dalam mengeliminasi kekerasan dan konflik agama. Studi ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi dan metode thick description. Waktu penelitian dilaksanakan pada tahun 2012-2014 dan tempat penelitian ini adalah Pesantren Tebuireng Jombang Jawa Timur. Teknik pengumpulan datanya didasarkan pada teknik alur penelitian maju bertahap. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) teknik observasi-partisipan; (2) teknik interview; dan (3) teknik dokumentasi. Teknik triangulasi digunakan untuk memperoleh derajat kepercayaan dan bisa dipertanggungjawabkan secara ilmiah. Sedangkan teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis domain dengan bantuan filsafat analisis. Kesimpulan dari studi ini adalah bahwa akar dan inspirator inklusivisme Pesantren Tebuireng berasal dari ajaran Mbah Hasyim Asy’ari, kemudian dilanjutkan oleh para pengasuh Pesantren Tebuireng dengan berbagai dinamikanya. Filosofi dan paradigma pesantren inklusif Tebuireng adalah al-muhafazhatu ‘ala al-qadimi al-shalih wa al-akhdzu bi al-jadidi al-ashlah. Nilai budaya dan kearifan lokal yang ditransmisikan Pesantren Tebuireng adalah: memperkuat sillaturrahim dan mencairkan eksklusifisme, mensosialisasikan tasamuh dan membangun harmoni, ukhuwwah dan solidaritas kemanusiaan, ta’awun dan kepedulian sosial, dan jujur serta ikhlas. Nilai dan budaya tersebut ditransmisikan kepada para santri/masyarakat melalui berbagai model, di antaranya: (1) oral history; (2) pengajaran kitab kuning; dan (3) memperkenalkan nilai-nilai toleransi dan sikap penghormatan dengan agama lain melalui integrasi pada kurikulum/hidden curriculum dan berbagai program sekolah/pesantren. Berbagai usaha “modernisasi” yang dilakukan Tebuireng adalah membentuk sekolah formal, pendidikan buat wanita, strategi/metode pembelajaran aktif, penerapan manajemen modern, pendirian perpustakaan dengan berbagai sumber dan berbahasa Arab/Inggris, sarana dan prasarana modern serta bekerjasama dengan berbagai lembaga. Selain itu, untuk membangun harmoni dan mengeliminasi konflik, Tebuireng membentuk lima karakter yang digali dari pemikiran Mbah Hasyim Asy’ari, terutama sekali melalui konsep tasamuh, semangat cinta tanah air/nasionalisme, dan patriotisme. Sedangkan langkah-langkah yang digunakan dalam mengeliminasi konflik di antaranya adalah senantiasa mendorong para santri untuk ikut menyikapi masalah-masalah aktual seperti penistaan agama yang selalu berakhir kekerasan. Meskipun begitu, terdapat beberapa kelemahan penelitian ini, di antaranya peneliti tidak secara detail dan komprehensif mengeksplorasi seluruh budaya dan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal Pesantren Tebuireng. Salah satu rekomendasi untuk penelitian selanjutnya adalah perlu secara detail dan komprehensif mengeksplorasi seluruh budaya dan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal Pesantren Tebuireng serta menfokuskan implementasinya pada masing-masing unit pendidikanny

Competition Law in Indonesia: Experience to Be Taken for the Development of Competition Law in China

The purpose of this piece is to articulate lessons that can be taken from the adoption and implementation of competition law in Indonesia. The Law, known as Law No. 5 of 1999 Concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition, (“Law No. 5 of 1999”) was adopted in 1999. Many Indonesian lawyers agree that the Law is a revolutionary business legal reform, as it prohibits almost all business actors, including state-owned enterprises, from employing unfair business practices. Many of these practices were adopted by many business actors for tens of years. When the economic crisis hit Indonesia in 1998, people suddenly realized that something was fundamentally wrong with the way Indonesian business actors conducted business and with the way the government developed its industrial and economic development policies. In addition, after years of economic calamity, signs of recovery are not yet on the horizon. Many big business players were supported by the government, which created barriers to fair trade. As a result, business opportunities were rare, unless a business player collaborated with another more established business in the market. This discussion will begin with lessons from the adoption of the law, its development, and the challenges ahead

The Encounter between Indigenous Religions, World Religions and Modernity

This paper discusses how Ammatoans, an indigenous people of Sulawesi, embrace Islam, adjust their life with modernity, and at the same time preserve their indigenous religion. It specifically talks about the practice of Ramadan through which those three elements are articulated by Ammatoans. Building insight on Stuart Hall’s theory of “articulation,” this paper argues that those three elements are contextually exercised, advocated, challenged, and questioned, and even “humiliated” by Ammatoans. It shows that Ammatoans, with their own ways, exercise Islam and modernity as much as their indigenous religion. The three elements, for Ammatoans, are not mutually exclusive. They are dialectical as they are practiced by Ammatoans.

Meningkatkan Kapasitas Masyarakat Dalam Mengatasi Risiko Bencana Kekeringan

Drought risk in Indonesia , particularly in Java Island will continuously increase. Global warming, environmental degradation, increased population, and poverty will more and more increase drought risk faced by the community. It is estimated that approximately 77% of the districts and cities in Java Island have experienced one to eight months of water deficit in one year. In 2025 the number of districts and cities experience water deficit will become 78.4% with a deficit from one month to twelve months or one full year. To reduce the risk posed by drought, community'spreparedness will need to be enhanced through the provision of water to deal with drought. Several rain harvesting techniques such as construction of water reservoirs, water tanks and absorption wells, as well as conservation of ground water, may be applied in high risks areas. Such rain harvesting techniques have indeed been implemented in many areas by traditional communities. Community's capacity may be enhanced through continuous drought risk reduction programs that are based in the grassroots level and involve all relevant stakeholders. The role ofthe community becomes very crucial because in reality the people and local organizations constitute the keys in disaster risk reduction initiatives. The present initiatives involve community's participation that is based on the following principles: based on the problems faced and the opportunities available in the community; using feasible solutions; encouraging partnerships with external parties; employing local knowledge and skills; focusing on the original conditions; and with clearly visible outputs

Analisis Sistem Bagi Hasil Paambi’ antara Pemilik Sapi dengan Pihak Peternak Menggunakan Konsep Mudharabah Peternakan Sapi Desa Tanjung Lalak Utara, Kecamatan Pulau Laut, Kepulauan, Kabupaten Kota Baru, Kalimantan Selatan

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konsep bagi hasil yang diterapkan cukup sederhana menggunakan sistem kepercayaan secara lisan serta tanpa perjanjian batas waktu dan diakhiri dengan rata-rata pembagian keuntungan 50:50. Kemudian jika dianalisis menggunakan konsep mudharabah menunjukkan bahwa akad yang terjalin antara shahibul maal dan mudharib hanya secara lisan bukan dengan tulisan yang manaini tidak sesuai dengan syariat, karena Mudharabah termasuk dalam muamalah yang dilakukan tidak secara tunai maka darinya Akad haruslah ditulikan, sebagaiman firman Allah SWT dalam Q.S Al-baqarah: 282. Adapun penyerahan modal awal tidak hanya berupa uang tunai yang umum dilakukan dalam bermudharabah, melainkan juga penyerahan modal dalam bentuk barang (sapi perekor). Dalam kerugian yang biasa terjadi dikembalikan kepada pihak keduannya, Tanggunan pemodal apabila terdapat sapi yang sakit, mati atau di curi, selama terjadi secara alami. Sedangkan tanggungan pengelola adalah sapi yang mati atau di curi, terjadi sebeb kelalaian atau kecurangannya dalam beternak. Selain dari itu jangka waktu kerjasama juga tidak dibatasi sehingga dapat menimbulkan ketidakjelasan (gharar) diantara kedua belah pihak. Namun sisi lain pada bagi hasil ini tidak menimbulkan pihak yang terdzalimi karena pembagian margin/profitnya seimbang dan tidak merugikan satu pihak

Analisis Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan Melalui Faktor-Faktor Quality of Work Life (QWL) Pada PT. Pertamina (Persero) Perkapalan

PT. Pertamina (Persero) Shipping as shipping division of PT. Pertamina (Persero) since 1959 is affecting by a new transformation strategy of PT. Pertamina, as holding, to face the oil and gas regulation - UU No. 22 year 2001, which change Indonesian oil market from monopoly into competitive market. As competitiveness strategy, the transformation is a necessary condition to achieve PT. Pertamina goal to be world class Oil Company. Employee commitments to service and performance quality are critical factors to achieve its goal, which human resources quality will be improved by providing employee satisfaction. The research objectives at PT. Pertamina (Persero) Shipping were (1) to identify the level of employee satisfaction, (2) to analyze the Quality of Work Life (QWL) , (3) to identify the factor of QWL which influence employee satisfaction, and (4) to identify the factors need to be improve to achieve employee satisfaction. The primary and secondary data were collected from the company. The primary data was collected using interviewed by likert scale questionnaires. And the research samples are 187 respondents which taken from 323 population of employee at PT. Pertamina (Persero) Shipping by cluster random sampling technique at 5% standard error, and analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The study showed employee satisfaction level is good, which indicated by 3,70 score of total value of turnover, absenteeism, age, job level and organization size and 3,63 score on average value of all QWL variables. The SEM analysis showed job satisfaction variables such as communication, safety and conflict resolutions are influencing QWL. Other QWL factors were identify to be improve, by order are health, career development, employee participation, adequate compensation, pride and job security

Measurement of Logistic Performance of Imported Frozen Meat in Perum Bulog

Perum BULOG received a mission to import frozen meat by the government in accordance with Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 48 of 2016. As a company engaged in food logistics, Perum BULOG is expected to be able to carry out imported frozen meat logistics activities to meet domestic needs. Logistics activities of imported frozen meat in Perum BULOG are divided into three stages, starting from the assignment mechanism, import mechanism, and sales mechanism. This causes the realization of frozen meat has not been achieved in accordance with the assignment. This study aims to measure the logistics performance of the imported frozen meat logistics activities carried out by the State Logistics Agency. The analytical method used the Logistic Scorecard Model, by identifying business strategies to obtain KPIs, and compiling logistical performance measurements. The results obtained by the logistics performance score of 2.691. This means that logistical performance for imported frozen meats run by Perum BULOG is at level 2, so Perum BULOG's logistics performance is poor. The improvement recommendation is by making a map of the frozen meat commodity business and making a direct shipping distribution strategy. Keywords: activities of logistics, logistics performance measurement, logistic scorecard, perum bulog, frozen mea

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF VILLAGE COMMUNITIES IN THE DISASTER RESPONSE AREA (A CASE STUDY OF CIJERUK VILLAGE, WEST JAVA)

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to present a description and analysis related to the characteristics of the people exposed to disaster-prone areas, in villages (rural) and kelurahan (urban) levels, public awareness of efforts to "maintain" their survival from external disturbances, conformity to program interventions/activities carried out by external parties (government / non-government). Methodology: In principle, this study uses an approach based on qualitative research. Main Findings: From the results of the research obtained based on the experience of the residents, two of the largest outflows of capital were obtained, namely social capital and human capital, while the least capital outflows were natural capital. Applications of this study: This research will be carried out in the rural area with the threat of landslides in Cijeruk Village, Bogor Regency. Novelty/Originality of this study: Sustainable Livelihood Assessment (SLA), the higher the frequency of the key behavior of the components of capital out of the SLA, the more capital is needed by a community. From the results of the research obtained based on the experience of the residents, two of the largest outflows of capital were obtained, namely social capital and human capital, while the least capital outflows were natural capital

The Level of Community Participation in Supporting Community-Based Tourism on Mount Merapi Slope

This community service was carried out on the Mount Merapi slope, located around the 8-kilometer area, which falls in category III disaster-prone area. The main aim of this activity was to increase the community participation in developing their area through tourism. The method used here was Focused Group Discussion (FGD) that aimed at inviting and accommodating community participation, as well as a structured interview. The analysis employed 0-5 Likert scale containing score weight to identify the factors influencing participation forms and participation benefits. This research used the quantitative descriptive approach to describe the community level of participation. The result shows that the majority of residents (60%) participated in tourist village management, around 25% participated due to their awareness, around 12% participated without serious intention, and 3% did not participate. It can be concluded that they show high level of participation in supporting tourist village development in disaster-prone area

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN COMMUNITIES IN THE DISASTER RESPONSE AREA (CASE STUDY: KELURAHAN CAWANG, EAST JAKARTA, DKI JAKARTA)

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this research is to analyze the characteristics of urban communities in the disaster response area to tackle floods. Methodology: In principle, this study uses an approach based on qualitative research. The area that is the background of this study includes the Cawang Village area which is prone to flooding. Sources of data in this study were interviewees who were community leaders who had lived for more than 20 years and local RT/RW devices. Main Findings: From the results of the research obtained, based on the experience of the residents, two of the largest outflows of capital were obtained, namely social capital and human capital, while the least capital outflows were natural capital. Applications of this study: The characteristics of urban communities in the disaster response area are kelurahan cawang, East Jakarta, and dki Jakarta. Novelty/Originality of this study: There are 2 capital components of SLA which are human capital and social capital. While the natural capital component is the lowest compared to the others, are physical capital and financial capital; and have a good early warning system with the existence of a communication network from BPBD to RT, RW, and PB2M