684 research outputs found
Pixel detector hybridisation with Anisotropic Conductive Films
Hybrid pixel detectors require a reliable and cost-effective interconnect
technology adapted to the pitch and die sizes of the respective applications.
During the ASIC and sensor R&D phase, and in general for small-scale
applications, such interconnect technologies need to be suitable for the
assembly of single-dies, typically available from Multi-Project-Wafer
submissions. Within the CERN EP R&D programme and the AIDAinnova collaboration,
innovative hybridisation concepts targeting vertex-detector applications at
future colliders are under development. This contribution presents recent
results of a newly developed in-house single-die interconnection process based
on Anisotropic Conductive Film (ACF). The ACF interconnect technology replaces
the solder bumps with conductive particles embedded in an adhesive film. The
electro-mechanical connection between the sensor and the read-out chip is
achieved via thermo-compression of the ACF using a flip-chip device bonder. A
specific pad topology is required to enable the connection via conductive
particles and create cavities into which excess epoxy can flow. This pixel-pad
topology is achieved with an in-house Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold (ENIG)
plating process that is also under development within the project. The ENIG and
ACF processes are qualified with the Timepix3 ASIC and sensors, with 55 um
pixel pitch and 14 um pad diameter. The ACF technology can also be used for
ASIC-PCB/FPC integration, replacing wire bonding or large-pitch solder bumping
techniques. This contribution introduces the ENIG plating and ACF processes and
presents recent results on Timepix3 hybrid assemblies
First demonstration of 3D optical readout of a TPC using a single photon sensitive Timepix3 based camera
The ARIADNE project is developing innovative optical readout technologies for
two-phase liquid Argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs). Optical readout
presents an exciting alternative to the current paradigm of charge readout.
Optical readout is simple, scalable and cost effective. This paper presents
first demonstration of 3D optical readout of TPC, using CF4 gas as a proof of
principle. Both cosmic rays and an Americium-241 alpha source have been imaged
in 100 mbar CF4. A single-photon sensitive camera was developed by combining a
Timepix3 (TPX3) based camera with an image intensifier. When a pixel of TPX3 is
hit, a packet containing all information about the hit is produced. This packet
contains the x,y coordinates of the pixel, time of arrival (ToA) and time over
threshold (ToT) information. The z position of the hit in the TPC is determined
by combining drift velocity with ToA information. 3D event reconstruction is
performed by combining the pixels x,y location with this calculated z position.
Calorimetry is performed using time over threshold, a measure of the intensity
of the hit
Cross-Attraction between an Exotic and a Native Pine Bark Beetle: A Novel Invasion Mechanism?
Aside from the ecological impacts, invasive species fascinate ecologists because of the unique opportunities that invasives offer in the study of community ecology. Some hypotheses have been proposed to illustrate the mechanisms that allow exotics to become invasive. However, positive interactions between exotic and native insects are rarely utilized to explain invasiveness of pests.Here, we present information on a recently formed association between a native and an exotic bark beetle on their shared host, Pinus tabuliformis, in China. In field examinations, we found that 35-40% of P. tabuliformis attacked by an exotic bark beetle, Dendroctonus valens, were also attacked by a native pine bark beetle, Hylastes parallelus. In the laboratory, we found that the antennal and walking responses of H. parallelus to host- and beetle-produced compounds were similar to those of the exotic D. valens in China. In addition, D. valens was attracted to volatiles produced by the native H. parallelus.We report, for the first time, facilitation between an exotic and a native bark beetle seems to involve overlap in the use of host attractants and pheromones, which is cross-attraction. The concept of this interspecific facilitation could be explored as a novel invasive mechanism which helps explain invasiveness of not only exotic bark beetles but also other introduced pests in principle. The results reported here also have particularly important implications for risk assessments and management strategies for invasive species
The HEV Ventilator
HEV is a low-cost, versatile, high-quality ventilator, which has been
designed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The ventilator is intended to be
used both in and out of hospital intensive care units, and for both invasive
and non-invasive ventilation. The hardware can be complemented with an external
turbine for use in regions where compressed air supplies are not reliably
available. The standard modes provided include PC-A/C(Pressure Assist
Control),PC-A/C-PRVC(Pressure Regulated Volume Control), PC-PSV (Pressure
Support Ventilation) and CPAP (Continuous Positive airway pressure). HEV is
designed to support remote training and post market surveillance via a web
interface and data logging to complement the standard touch screen operation,
making it suitable for a wide range of geographical deployment. The HEV design
places emphasis on the quality of the pressure curves and the reactivity of the
trigger, delivering a global performance which will be applicable to ventilator
needs beyond theCOVID-19 pandemic. This article describes the conceptual design
and presents the prototype units together with their performance evaluation.Comment: 34 pages, 18 figures, Extended version of the article submitted to
PNA
Microchannel cooling for the LHCb VELO Upgrade I
The LHCb VELO Upgrade I, currently being installed for the 2022 start of LHC
Run 3, uses silicon microchannel coolers with internally circulating bi-phase
\cotwo for thermal control of hybrid pixel modules operating in vacuum. This is
the largest scale application of this technology to date. Production of the
microchannel coolers was completed in July 2019 and the assembly into cooling
structures was completed in September 2021. This paper describes the R\&D path
supporting the microchannel production and assembly and the motivation for the
design choices. The microchannel coolers have excellent thermal peformance, low
and uniform mass, no thermal expansion mismatch with the ASICs and are
radiation hard. The fluidic and thermal performance is presented.Comment: 31 pages, 27 figure
Observation of the Decay Λ0b→Λ+cτ−¯ν
The first observation of the semileptonic b-baryon decay Λb0→Λc+τ-ν¯τ, with a significance of 6.1σ, is reported using a data sample corresponding to 3 fb-1 of integrated luminosity, collected by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV at the LHC. The τ- lepton is reconstructed in the hadronic decay to three charged pions. The ratio K=B(Λb0→Λc+τ-ν¯τ)/B(Λb0→Λc+π-π+π-) is measured to be 2.46±0.27±0.40, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The branching fraction B(Λb0→Λc+τ-ν¯τ)=(1.50±0.16±0.25±0.23)% is obtained, where the third uncertainty is from the external branching fraction of the normalization channel Λb0→Λc+π-π+π-. The ratio of semileptonic branching fractions R(Λc+)B(Λb0→Λc+τ-ν¯τ)/B(Λb0→Λc+μ-ν¯μ) is derived to be 0.242±0.026±0.040±0.059, where the external branching fraction uncertainty from the channel Λb0→Λc+μ-ν¯μ contributes to the last term. This result is in agreement with the standard model prediction
Measurement of the photon polarization in decays
The photon polarization in transitions is measured for the
first time in radiative b-baryon decays exploiting the unique spin structure of
decays. A data sample corresponding to an
integrated luminosity of collected by the LHCb experiment in
collisions at a center-of-mass energy of is used. The photon
polarization is measured to be , where the first uncertainty is
statistical and the second systematic. This result is in agreement with the
Standard Model prediction and previous measurements in b-meson decays.
Charge-parity breaking effects are studied for the first time in this
observable and found to be consistent with symmetry.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any
supplementary material and additional information, are available at
https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2021-030.html (LHCb
public pages
- …