862 research outputs found
Diffusion and the BFKL Pomeron
We study the high energy behaviour of elastic scattering amplitudes within
the leading logarithm approximation. In particular, we cast the amplitude in a
form which allows us to study the internal dynamics of the BFKL Pomeron for
general momentum transfer. We demonstrate that the momentum transfer acts as an
effective infrared cut-off which ensures that the dominant contribution arises
from short distance physics.Comment: 15 pages (LaTeX), 8 postscript figure
Constraints on gluon evolution at small x
The BFKL and the unified angular-ordered equations are solved to determine
the gluon distribution at small . The impact of kinematic constraints is
investigated. Predictions are made for observables sensitive to the gluon at
small . In particular comparison is made with measurements at the HERA
electron-proton collider of the proton structure function as a
function of , the charm component, and diffractive
photoproduction.Comment: 17 LaTeX pages and 9 postscript figure
QCD Predictions for the Transverse Energy Flow in Deep-Inelastic Scattering in the Small x HERA Regime
The distribution of transverse energy, , which accompanies
deep-inelastic electron-proton scattering at small , is predicted in the
central region away from the current jet and proton remnants. We use BFKL
dynamics, which arises from the summation of multiple gluon emissions at small
, to derive an analytic expression for the flow. One interesting
feature is an increase of the distribution with
decreasing , where . We perform a
numerical study to examine the possibility of using characteristics of the
distribution as a means of identifying BFKL dynamics at HERA.Comment: 16 pages, REVTEX 3.0, no figures. (Hardcopies of figures available on
request from Professor A.D. Martin, Department of Physics, University of
Durham, DH1 3LE, England.) Durham preprint : DTP/94/0
Low wave-functions of pions and kaons and their parton distribution functions
We study the low wave-functions of pions and kaons as an expansion in
terms of hadron-like Fock state fluctuations. In this formalism, pion and kaon
wave-functions are related one another. Consequently, the knowledge of the pion
structure allows the determination of parton distributions in kaons. In
addition, we show that the intrinsic (low ) sea of pions and kaons are
different due to their different valence quark structure. Finally, we analize
the feasibility of a method to extract kaon's parton distribution functions
within this approach and compare with available experimental data.Comment: 13 pages, 3 postscript figures include
Multiple Overlapping Tiles for Contextual Monte Carlo Tree Search
International audienceMonte Carlo Tree Search is a recent algorithm that achieves more and more successes in various domains. We propose an improvement of the Monte Carlo part of the algorithm by modifying the simulations depending on the context. The modification is based on a reward function learned on a tiling of the space of Monte Carlo simulations. The tiling is done by regrouping the Monte Carlo simulations where two moves have been selected by one player. We show that it is very efficient by experimenting on the game of Havannah
Properties of the BFKL equation and structure function predictions for HERA
The general properties of the Lipatov or BFKL equation are reviewed.
Modifications to the infrared region are proposed. Numerical predictions for
the deep-inelastic electron-proton structure functions at small are
presented and confronted with recent HERA measurements.Comment: 21 pages, 11 figures, Latex file, Durham preprint DTP 92/2
Master Equation Study of Hydrogen Relaxation Using Complete Sets of State-to-state Transition Rates
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/97096/1/AIAA2012-362.pd
Clinical delineation and natural history of the PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum.
Somatic mutations in the phosphatidylinositol/AKT/mTOR pathway cause segmental overgrowth disorders. Diagnostic descriptors associated with PIK3CA mutations include fibroadipose overgrowth (FAO), Hemihyperplasia multiple Lipomatosis (HHML), Congenital Lipomatous Overgrowth, Vascular malformations, Epidermal nevi, Scoliosis/skeletal and spinal (CLOVES) syndrome, macrodactyly, and the megalencephaly syndrome, Megalencephaly-Capillary malformation (MCAP) syndrome. We set out to refine the understanding of the clinical spectrum and natural history of these phenotypes, and now describe 35 patients with segmental overgrowth and somatic PIK3CA mutations. The phenotypic data show that these previously described disease entities have considerable overlap, and represent a spectrum. While this spectrum overlaps with Proteus syndrome (sporadic, mosaic, and progressive) it can be distinguished by the absence of cerebriform connective tissue nevi and a distinct natural history. Vascular malformations were found in 15/35 (43%) and epidermal nevi in 4/35 (11%) patients, lower than in Proteus syndrome. Unlike Proteus syndrome, 31/35 (89%) patients with PIK3CA mutations had congenital overgrowth, and in 35/35 patients this was asymmetric and disproportionate. Overgrowth was mild with little postnatal progression in most, while in others it was severe and progressive requiring multiple surgeries. Novel findings include: adipose dysregulation present in all patients, unilateral overgrowth that is predominantly left-sided, overgrowth that affects the lower extremities more than the upper extremities and progresses in a distal to proximal pattern, and in the most severely affected patients is associated with marked paucity of adipose tissue in unaffected areas. While the current data are consistent with some genotype-phenotype correlation, this cannot yet be confirmed
New Insights into White-Light Flare Emission from Radiative-Hydrodynamic Modeling of a Chromospheric Condensation
(abridged) The heating mechanism at high densities during M dwarf flares is
poorly understood. Spectra of M dwarf flares in the optical and
near-ultraviolet wavelength regimes have revealed three continuum components
during the impulsive phase: 1) an energetically dominant blackbody component
with a color temperature of T 10,000 K in the blue-optical, 2) a smaller
amount of Balmer continuum emission in the near-ultraviolet at lambda 3646
Angstroms and 3) an apparent pseudo-continuum of blended high-order Balmer
lines. These properties are not reproduced by models that employ a typical
"solar-type" flare heating level in nonthermal electrons, and therefore our
understanding of these spectra is limited to a phenomenological interpretation.
We present a new 1D radiative-hydrodynamic model of an M dwarf flare from
precipitating nonthermal electrons with a large energy flux of erg
cm s. The simulation produces bright continuum emission from a
dense, hot chromospheric condensation. For the first time, the observed color
temperature and Balmer jump ratio are produced self-consistently in a
radiative-hydrodynamic flare model. We find that a T 10,000 K
blackbody-like continuum component and a small Balmer jump ratio result from
optically thick Balmer and Paschen recombination radiation, and thus the
properties of the flux spectrum are caused by blue light escaping over a larger
physical depth range compared to red and near-ultraviolet light. To model the
near-ultraviolet pseudo-continuum previously attributed to overlapping Balmer
lines, we include the extra Balmer continuum opacity from Landau-Zener
transitions that result from merged, high order energy levels of hydrogen in a
dense, partially ionized atmosphere. This reveals a new diagnostic of ambient
charge density in the densest regions of the atmosphere that are heated during
dMe and solar flares.Comment: 50 pages, 2 tables, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in the Solar
Physics Topical Issue, "Solar and Stellar Flares". Version 2 (June 22, 2015):
updated to include comments by Guest Editor. The final publication is
available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11207-015-0708-
Search for lepton-flavor violation at HERA
A search for lepton-flavor-violating interactions and has been performed with the ZEUS detector using the entire HERA I
data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 130 pb^{-1}. The data
were taken at center-of-mass energies, , of 300 and 318 GeV. No
evidence of lepton-flavor violation was found, and constraints were derived on
leptoquarks (LQs) that could mediate such interactions. For LQ masses below
, limits were set on , where
is the coupling of the LQ to an electron and a
first-generation quark , and is the branching ratio of
the LQ to the final-state lepton ( or ) and a quark . For
LQ masses much larger than , limits were set on the four-fermion
interaction term for LQs that couple to an electron and a quark
and to a lepton and a quark , where and are
quark generation indices. Some of the limits are also applicable to
lepton-flavor-violating processes mediated by squarks in -Parity-violating
supersymmetric models. In some cases, especially when a higher-generation quark
is involved and for the process , the ZEUS limits are the most
stringent to date.Comment: 37 pages, 10 figures, Accepted by EPJC. References and 1 figure (Fig.
6) adde
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