27 research outputs found
Mothersâ accounts of the impact on emotional wellbeing of organised peer support in pregnancy and early parenthood: a qualitative study
Background
The transition to parenthood is a potentially vulnerable time for mothersâ mental health and approximately 9â21% of women experience depression and/or anxiety at this time. Many more experience sub-clinical symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as stress, low self-esteem and a loss of confidence. Womenâs emotional wellbeing is more at risk if they have little social support, a low income, are single parents or have a poor relationship with their partner. Peer support can comprise emotional, affirmational, informational and practical support; evidence of its impact on emotional wellbeing during pregnancy and afterwards is mixed.
Methods
This was a descriptive qualitative study, informed by phenomenological social psychology, exploring womenâs experiences of the impact of organised peer support on their emotional wellbeing during pregnancy and in early parenthood. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were undertaken with women who had received peer support provided by ten projects in different parts of England, including both projects offering âmental healthâ peer support and others offering more broadly-based peer support. The majority of participants were disadvantaged Black and ethnic minority women, including recent migrants. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcripts were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.
Results
47 mothers were interviewed. Two key themes emerged: (1) âmothersâ self-identified emotional needsâ, containing the subthemes âemotional distressâ, âstressful circumstancesâ, âlack of social supportâ, and âunwilling to be open with professionalsâ; and (2) âhow peer support affects mothersâ, containing the subthemes âsocial connectionâ, âbeing heardâ, âbuilding confidenceâ, âempowermentâ, âfeeling valuedâ, âreducing stress through practical supportâ and âthe significance of âmental healthâ peer experiencesâ. Women described how peer support contributed to reducing their low mood and anxiety by overcoming feelings of isolation, disempowerment and stress, and increasing feelings of self-esteem, self-efficacy and parenting competence.
Conclusion
One-to-one peer support during pregnancy and after birth can have a number of interrelated positive impacts on the emotional wellbeing of mothers. Peer support is a promising and valued intervention, and may have particular salience for ethnic minority women, those who are recent migrants and women experiencing multiple disadvantages
The expected child versus the actual child: implications for the mother-baby bond
The aim of this study was to examine whether women's perceptions of their infant remain stable between late pregnancy and the early postnatal period, and to examine the effect of women's expectations and evaluations of their infant on the mother-baby bond. Participants completed questionnaires at 39 weeks gestation and 3 weeks after birth. Questionnaires measured demographic details, expected/actual infant characteristics, symptoms of anxiety and depression and the mother-baby bond (postpartum only). It was found that there was a significant difference between expectations and evaluations, with infants being perceived as less fussy, more adaptable and dull than they were expected to be. Both expectations of the baby and evaluation of the baby had a significant effect on the mother-baby bond. Women who expected their infant to have a more difficult temperament and then evaluated them, similarly reported a poorer mother-baby bond postpartum. Symptoms of anxiety and depression in pregnancy were unrelated to expectations of the baby, or to the postnatal mother-baby bond. The effects of parity and postnatal anxiety and depression were also examined. The results are discussed, suggesting that a subgroup of women who have negative perceptions of their infant before and after birth may be at risk of mother-infant attachment problems and long-term mother-infant difficulties
Perinatal depression in adolescent mothers: for identifying vulnerabilities
Introduction and objectives
Due to the high frequency and co-occurrence of vulnerabilities, mothers under 20 years are at higher risk of perinatal depression than adults mothers. We performed a review of the literature investigating the epidemiology of adolescents mothersâ depression, compared these data to adult mothers and listed associated factors, to develop a more preventive approach and specific follow-up.
Methods
The review is based on Pubmed and Sciencedirect research combining âadolescentâ or âteenageâ and âdepressionâ as keywords.
Results
Seventeen international studies were included, evaluating both prenatal (6 studies) and postnatal (14 studies) depression with three different scales (CES-D, BDI, EPDS). Depression rate in adolescents mothers varies from 26 to 63% in the third trimester of pregnancy and from 26 to 61% in the first 3 months postpartum, with differences depending of studies designs, screening instruments and cut-offs. Depression rate declines with time, but still persists with a prevalence ranging from 21 to 32% at 4 to 5 years after delivery. Depression rate in adolescent mothers are globally twice higher than in adult mothers, both in prenatal and postnatal periods. Characteristics associated with adolescent mothers depression include sociodemographic factors (less education, low income), psychosocial factors (confidence, self-esteem), poor or inadequate social support and negative life events (violence exposure, history of abuse).
Conclusion
Perinatal depression in adolescent mothers is very high and can contribute negatively to child-mother interaction. It should be a priority to screen depression early during pregnancy and to offer appropriate support services during the first years of motherhood. Moreover, it could be of high interest to assess maternofoetal attachment during pregnancy using validated instruments combined with depression scales.Introduction
Comparativement aux mÚres plus ùgées, les mÚres de moins de 20 ans cumulent certains facteurs de vulnérabilité les exposant à un risque accru de dépression.
MĂ©thodes
à travers une revue de la littérature, cet article fait le point sur la prévalence de la dépression chez les mÚres adolescentes et compare ces données à celles des mÚres plus ùgées.
RĂ©sultats
La prĂ©valence de la dĂ©pression chez les mĂšres adolescentes varie de 26 Ă 68 % au troisiĂšme trimestre de la grossesse et de 26 Ă 61 % dans les trois mois du post-partum, selon les Ă©tudes, les instruments dâĂ©valuation et les cut-offs associĂ©s. Les taux de dĂ©pression Ă quatre et cinq ans varient de 21 Ă 32 %. Globalement, les taux de dĂ©pression chez les mĂšres adolescentes sont deux fois plus Ă©levĂ©s que chez les mĂšres plus ĂągĂ©es. Les caractĂ©ristiques associĂ©es Ă la dĂ©pression des mĂšres adolescentes incluent des facteurs sociodĂ©mographiques et psychosociaux, un soutien social faible ou inadĂ©quat et des Ă©vĂ©nements de vie nĂ©gatifs.
Conclusion
La dĂ©pression pĂ©rinatale chez les mĂšres adolescentes est trĂšs Ă©levĂ©e et peut contribuer nĂ©gativement aux interactions mĂšre-enfant. Il est impĂ©ratif de pouvoir dĂ©tecter les situations de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© chez les jeunes mĂšres afin dâorganiser une rĂ©ponse prĂ©ventive et un suivi spĂ©cifiques.
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