Analisis Flourishing Mantan Pecandu Alkohol di Desa Sumlili Kecamatan Kupang Barat

Suatu pilihan yang tidak mudah bagi seorang pecandu alkohol untuk terlepas dari ketergantungannya pada zat psikoaktif ini. Karena itu, dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan psikologi positif sebagai landasan menganalisa flourishing mantan pecandu alkohol di Desa Sumlili. Metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengambilan data berupa observasi non partisipan dan wawancara semi terstruktur dilakukan pada 4 orang subjek dewasa yang telah berhenti mengonsumsi alkohol sejak 2 tahun, 4 tahun, 5 tahun, dan 9 tahun. Teknik pengambilan sampel penelitian menggunakan purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ke-empat subjek telah mengalami flourishing atau menjadi flourisher dengan menunjukkan kelima aspek PERMA  flourishing dalam hidup mereka. Aspek yang pertama adalah keempat subjek telah mampu menunjukkan emosi yang positif seperti kebahagiaan, kedamaian, rasa bersyukur, dan kesabaran. Mereka juga lebih melekat dengan pekerjaannya hingga tidak ingin menunda pekerjaan. Hubungan mereka juga telah lebih baik dengan keluarga dan orang sekitar terbukti dengan kurangnya perilaku agresif (KDRT), terlibat dalam kerja bakti dan tidak lagi membuat kekacauan atau keributan. Mereka juga memaknai hidup dengan fokus melakukan hal yang lebih positif seperti mempererat hubungan pribadi dengan Tuhan dan juga lingkungan sekitar. Adapun pencapaian yang membanggakan dalam hidup mereka yaitu memutuskan untuk berhenti menjadi pecandu alkohol. Dari keputusan tersebut, menghasilkan berbagai prestasi, hasil positif lainnya, dan menguatkan flourishing dalam diri. Karena penerapan flourishing berdasarkan PERMA sudah cukup konsisten dan intense dalam diri subjek serta keluarga maka solusi untuk ke-empat subjek yaitu tetap mengontrol diri dengan tetap menggandalkan dukungan sosial dan memperkuat aktivitas religius

Programmatic Evaluation of a Combined Antigen and Antibody Test for Rapid HIV Diagnosis in a Community and Sexual Health Clinic Screening Programme

Background A substantial proportion of HIV-infected individuals in the UK are unaware of their status and late presentations continue, especially in low prevalence areas. Fourth generation antigen/antibody rapid test kits could facilitate earlier diagnosis of HIV in non-clinical settings but lack data on performance under programmatic conditions. Methods and Findings We evaluated the performance of Determine HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab Combo Test (Determine Combo), a rapid test with indicators for both HIV antibodies and p24 antigen, in participants recruited from community outreach and hospital-based sexual health clinics. HIV infection was confirmed using laboratory enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA), Line Immuno Assay (LIA) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In total, 953 people underwent HIV testing. HIV antibody (Ab) prevalence was 1.8% (17/953). Four false positive rapid tests were identified: two antibody and two p24 antigen (Ag) reactions. Of participants diagnosed as HIV Ab positive, 2/17 (12%) were recent seroconverters based on clinical history and HIV antibody avidity test results. However, none of these were detected by the p24 antigen component of the rapid test kit. There were no other true positive p24 Ag tests. Conclusion These data lend support to an increasing body of evidence suggesting that 4th generation rapid HIV tests have little additional benefit over 3rd generation HIV kits for routine screening in low prevalence settings and have high rates of false positives. In order to optimally combine community-based case-finding among hard-to-reach groups with reliable and early diagnosis 3rd generation kits should be primarily used with laboratory testing of individuals thought to be at risk of acute HIV infection. A more reliable point of care diagnostic is required for the accurate detection of acute HIV infection under programmatic conditions

Feasibility and acceptability of point of care HIV testing in community outreach and GUM drop-in services in the North West of England: A programmatic evaluation

Background: In Liverpool, injecting drug users (IDUs), men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) and UK Africans experience a disproportionate burden of HIV, yet services do not reach out to these groups and late presentations continue. We set out to: increase testing uptake in targeted marginalized groups through a community and genitourinary medicine (GUM)-based point of care testing (POCT) programme; and conduct a process evaluation to examine service provider inputs and document service user perceptions of the programme. Methods: Mixed quantitative, qualitative and process evaluation methods were used. Service providers were trained to use fourth generation rapid antibody/antigen HIV tests. Existing outreach services incorporated POCT into routine practice. Clients completed a semi-structured questionnaire and focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with service providers. Results: Between September 2009 and June 2010, 953 individuals underwent POCT (GUM: 556 [59%]; communitybased sites: 397 [42%]). Participants in the community were more likely to be male (p = 0.028), older (p < 0.001), of UK African origin (p < 0.001) and IDUs (p < 0.001) than participants from the GUM clinic. Seventeen new HIV diagnoses were confirmed (prevalence = 1.8%), 16 of whom were in risk exposure categories (prevalence: 16/517, 3.1%). Questionnaires and FGDs showed that clients and service providers were supportive of POCT, highlighting benefits of reaching out to marginalised communities and incorporating HIV prevention messages. Conclusions: Community and GUM clinic-based POCT for HIV was feasible and acceptable to clients and service providers in a low prevalence setting. It successfully reached target groups, many of whom would not have otherwise tested. We recommend POCT be considered among strategies to increase the uptake of HIV testing among groups who are currently underserved