Racial Differences in Perceptions of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Behavior

Previous research has suggested there may be racial differences in how adults perceive and rate children’s ADHD behavior (i.e., inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity). The current study examined these differences between African-American/Black (AA/B) parents and European-American/White (EA/W) parents and teachers. Participants watched video clips of children in classrooms and rated their ADHD behaviors and their likelihood of having ADHD. Results showed that EA/W parents and teachers rated African-American boys’ ADHD behaviors and their likelihood of having ADHD higher than AA/B parents. Mechanisms by which these differences exist were explored, including beliefs about stigma related to ADHD, values in movement and expressiveness, experiences with racism, and racial attitudes. Results suggested that EA/W teachers’ racial attitudes toward African Americans were related to their ratings of African-American boys’ ADHD behaviors and likelihood of having ADHD. More research is necessary to further explain the mechanisms by which such discrepancies in ratings of African-American boys’ ADHD behaviors exist between African-American and European-American adults to inform culturally sensitive assessment and diagnosis of ADHD in African-American children

Racial Biases in Parent-Teacher Ratings of Childhood ADHD Symptoms: An Examination of Prejudice and Stereotypes

A robust body of literature has documented systematic parent-teacher discrepancies in ratings of children’s ADHD symptoms (inattentive, hyperactive, or impulsive behaviors) as a function of child race. Past research has suggested a potential role of teachers’ racial bias in higher ratings of Black children’s ADHD behaviors relative to Black parents’ ratings. The present study sought to better characterize these racial biases by examining implicit and explicit measures of racial prejudice and racial stereotypes, as well as Black parents’ perceptions of those biases as predictors of their ratings of Black children’s ADHD behaviors. Results suggested that white teachers’ explicit racial ADHD stereotypes predicted more biased ratings of Black boys’ ADHD symptoms. Moreover, perceptions of systemic racism predicted Black parents’ lower ratings of Black boys’ ADHD symptoms, relative to white boys. Finally, mediational analyses across the whole sample indicated that white teachers demonstrated more implicit racial prejudice than did Black parents, which in turn predicted more biased ratings of Black boys’ hyperactivity symptoms. No measures of racial bias predicted biased ratings of Black girls’ ADHD symptoms. Future research should aim to better understand the roles of these racial biases in assessments of other common types of childhood psychopathology, and develop interventions to reduce the impacts of racial biases in psychological assessments for children of color to promote racial equity in mental health care

How Do Consumers Evaluate the Identical Product on Competing Online Retailers? A Big Data Analysis Approach Using Consumer Reviews

For big data analysis practice, this study collected both types of consumer review data, a structured form (i.e., review ratings) and an unstructured form (i.e., review text), on a fashion item from two different online retailers. Using the collected data, this study aims to identify 1) consumers\u27 evaluation criteria on a fashion product, 2) positive or negative sentiment toward the product, and 2) the impact of these identified variables on consumers\u27 ratings. For online retailers, Amazon.com and Macys.com were selected for comparison. The results identified six evaluation criteria from consumer reviews such as authenticity and inside design and revealed that Macy\u27s online consumers are, in general, more satisfied with the fashion product and have more specific evaluation criteria satisfying themselves, compared to Amazon.com\u27s consumers. The results suggest that product and service attributes influencing consumers\u27 satisfaction and evaluation are different across online retailers and its consumers, even on the same product

Effects of Out-of-Stock, Return, and Cancellation Amount on Order Amount of Online Retailers

Despite the spectacular success for online retailers in the last few decades, some inherent weaknesses remain, including stock-out, returns, and order cancellations, which influence financial performance of online retailers. Despite understanding the importance of these undesirable sales situations, no existing study, to our knowledge, has investigated the extent to which each issue impacts on financial performance with actual transaction data of online fashion retailers. Thus, this study aims to examine the effect of undesirable sales situations (i.e., out-of-stock, returns, and order cancellations) on financial performance (in this study, order amount) of an online retailer. In addition, the effects of undesirable sales situations on financial performance will be examined by product category (i.e., accessories, casual, kids, men\u27s, sports, and women\u27s clothing). The model was tested with transaction data obtained from an online shopping mall in South Korea. The data included 371 brands in six categories, with 3,367 observations in total; after exclusions (i.e., brands with less than six months observation periods), 2,996 data sets were utilized for the data analysis. This study confirmed the effect of undesirable sales situations (out-of-stock and return amounts) on financial performance of an online retailer with transaction data. Additionally, this study verified that undesirable sales situations were moderated by fashion product category

Association of Plasma Retinol-Binding Protein 4, Adiponectin, and High Molecular Weight Adiponectin with Insulin Resistance in Non-Diabetic Hypertensive Patients

∙The authors have no financial conflicts of interest. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), adiponectin and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin are associated with insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic parameters in non-diabetic hypertensive patients. Also, we sought to compare the predictive values of these adipocytokines for IR in non-diabetic hypertensive patients. Materials and Methods: Analyses of RBP4, adiponectin, and HMW adiponectin were performed on 308 non-diabetic hypertensives (148 males, age 58 ± 10 years, 189 non-metabolic syndrome and 119 metabolic syndrome). The homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index for IR, lipid profiles, and anthropometric measure-ments were assessed. Results: There was no significant difference in RBP4 levels according to the presence of metabolic syndrome, although adiponectin and HMW adiponectin were significantly lower in metabolic syndrome. Correlation analysis of log RBP4 with IR and metabolic indices revealed that there was no significant correlation of RBP4 with wais

A Case of Acute Ventricular Capture Threshold Rise Associated with Flecainide Acetate

Antiarrhythmic agents may increase capture threshold, but this is rarely of clinical significance. Flecainide acetate, a class IC agent, is reported to have a significant effect on the myocardial capture threshold. In this presentation, we report the case of a 72-year-old male, with a previously implanted VVI pacemaker due to sick sinus syndrome, who was treated with flecainide acetate for paroxysmal atrial arrhythmia control. During the fifteenth day of treatment, an abrupt rise in the ventricular capture threshold with ventricular pacing failure was noted. The capture threshold decreased two days after discontinuation of flecainide acetate

Nlrp3, Csf3, and Edn1 in Macrophage Response to Saturated Fatty Acids and Modified Low-Density Lipoprotein

Background and Objectives: The relationship between metabolic stress, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease is being studied steadily. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of palmitate (PA) and minimally modified low-density lipoprotein (mmLDL) on macrophages and to identify the associated pathways. Methods: J774 macrophages were incubated with PA or mmLDL and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Secretion of inflammatory chemokines and the expression of corresponding genes were determined. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase was also assessed. RNA sequencing of macrophages was performed to identify the genes regulated by PA or mmLDL. Some of the genes regulated by the 2 agents were validated by knocking down the cells using small interfering RNA. Results: PA or mmLDL promoted the secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1 beta in LPS-stimulated macrophages, and this was accompanied by higher phosphorylation of ERK. RNA sequencing revealed dozens of genes that were regulated in this process, such as Csf3and Edn1, which were affected by PA and mmLDL, respectively. These agents also increased NIrp3 expression. The effect of Csf3 or Edn1 silencing on inflammation was modest, whereas toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 inhibition reduced a large proportion of macrophage activation. Conclusions: We demonstrated that the proinflammatory milieu with high levels of PA or mmLDL promoted macrophage activation and the expression of associated genes such as NIrp3, 613, and Edn1. Although the TLR4 pathway appeared to be most relevant, additional role of other genes in this process provided insights regarding the potential targets for intervention.11Nsciescopu

Increased Inflammation, Reduced Plasma Phospholipid Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Reduced Antioxidant Potential of Treated Hypertensive Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

PURPOSE: In the present study, we tested whether the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) would worsen the features of inflammation, plasma omega 3 fatty acid levels and antioxidant potential in treated hypertensive patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TWO GROUPS WERE CLASSIFIED BY THE COMPONENTS OF METS: a reference group of treated hypertensive subjects: hypertension (HTN) group (n = 39) and with more than two additional MetS components: HTN with Mets group (n = 40). We further compared the parameters between HTN group and HTN with MetS group. RESULTS: The results showed that age (p < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001) were significantly different between HTN group and HTN with MetS group. Age- and BMI-adjusted total radical trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP) (p < 0.01) was significantly lower, whereas age- and BMI-adjusted CD (p < 0.05) and interleukin (IL) 6 (p < 0.05) were significantly higher in HTN with MetS group than in HTN group. Moreover, HTN with MetS group had significantly lower levels of age- and BMI-adjusted plasma phospholipid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) than HTN group (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the levels of age- and BMI-adjusted intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), adiponectin and high molecular weight (HMW)-adiponectin were not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our results showed increased inflammatory marker, reduced antioxidant potential and EPA levels in treated hypertensive patients in the presence of MetS, suggesting the importance of changes of therapeutic lifestyle to modify the features of MetS.ope