Extremal and maximal normal abelian subgroups of a maximal unipotent subgroup in groups of Lie type

AbstractWe describe all maximal abelian normal subgroups in the unipotent radical U of a Borel subgroup in a group of Lie type G over a field K. This gives a new description of the extremal subgroups in U which were studied by C. Parker and P. Rowley. For a finite field K, we prove that either each large abelian subgroup in U is G-conjugate to a normal subgroup in U or G is of certain exceptional Lie type

Endovascular interventions in patients with multilevel steno-occlusive lesions of the infrarenal aortic arteries

Peripheral artery diseases are a worldwide medical and social problem. Approximately 30 % of patients with critical limb ischemia will undergo amputations and 25 % will die after 1 year. These patients require reconstructive and angioplastic interventions to preserve the limb. The aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness of different endovascular surgical technologies in patients with multilevel steno-occlusive lesions of the infrarenal aortic arteries. Materials and methods. Among 243 endovascular interventions, 51 patients were presented with multilevel steno-occlusive lesions of the infrarenal aortic arteries as a result of atherosclerosis obliterans. 42 patients (82.4 %) had two-level lesions and 9 (17.6 %) had three-level lesions. Results. Among 42 patients with a two-level lesion, 29 (56.9 %) ones had femoral arterial segment affection in combination with tibial artery affection. 13 (25.5 %) patients suffered from the lesion of the iliac segment in combination with the affection of the femoral segment arteries. In 9 (17.6 %) patients the lesions of three or more levels were determined: an iliac segment in combination with femoral and popliteal arteries – in 4 patients, and in 2 patients there were lesions of the femoral, popliteal and tibial segments, in 3 patients there was a lesion of the iliac, femoral, popliteal and tibial-foot segments in different degrees of severity. 7 balloon angioplasties and 13 stenting procedures were performed in two and three-level lesions in which the iliac arterial segment was affected. Only balloon angioplasty was used to revascularize the infraingvinal arterial segments. In the early postoperative period, the complications included thrombosis appeared in 6 patients. It was possible to restore the blood flow and save the limb only in 3 persons. For the other 3 ones, the attempts to restore the patency of the arteries were unsuccessful and resulted in the amputation of the lower extremity. Mortality in the early postoperative period was 3.9 % (2 death due to myocardial infarction). Conclusions. The persons with multilevel steno-obstructive lesions of the infrarenal aortic arteries are the most difficult category of patients with CLI. The surgical method of choice for patients with multilevel steno-occlusive lesions is the endovascular angioplasty with or without stenting

THE LEARNING AND EDUCATIONAL POTENTIAL OF DIGITAL TOOLS IN HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

The paper focuses onup-to-date cutting-edge digital technologies  that may be  used in teaching university students. The authors suggest distinguishing three types of digital tools, or engines: search tools, research tools and interactive ones. The didactic and research potential of these tools is analysed. The search potential of search engines and text corpora is compared, supported by practical templates which illustrate how the engines are employed to their best.The research potential is assessed on the practical example of semantic experimental research into the difference in the meanings of the words competence vs competency. The Google-supported experiment was elaborated and illustrated against traditional polls of native-speakers, the results of the two showed good concordane which testifies to the reliable  validity of research engines for linguistic experiments. Special attention is paid to interactive engines which are used in the educational context, such as Mentimeter, or supporting an educational blog. The blog  is treated as a powerful tool in promoting academic writing skills in students, their communication skills and a didactical tool used  for sharing professionally relevant information among the students and professors. The blog elements are described

Spectral series of the Schrödinger operator with delta-potential on a three-dimensional spherically symmetric manifold

The spectral series of the Schrödinger operator with a delta-potential on a threedimensional compact spherically symmetric manifold in the semiclassical limit as h → 0 are describe

Modern Higher Education: Problems and Perspectives

AbstractThe article deals with the problem of integration of the regional higher education system into the European educational space. According to the authors, one of the main tasks of modernization of the regional higher education system is the creation of a system of higher professional education of the third generation, which is supposed to solve, on the one hand, the problem of integrating into the Bologna Process and, on the other hand, the problem of elaboration of the concept of the Russian regional higher school modernization. Special attention is paid to the description of a new humanistic paradigm, based on the consistent attitude of the teacher to the student as an individual, an independent and responsible person with his own background, and at the same time as a member of educational process. The paper covers the main problems, which the system of the regional higher education may be confronted with, and defines the prospects of the regional education development

Why keep protecting the few without external incentives? Compliance with minority rights norms after attaining IO membership in Latvia and Georgia

While research on developments in minority rights field in the South and East European countries has shown that political incentives in the form of International Organization (IO) membership conditionality was a driving factor in facilitating transposition of minority rights norms into domestic legislation, compliance with IO recommendations post-conditionality remains a puzzle. This thesis contributes to the broader literature on ‘Europeanisation’ by first, examining transposition of and compliance with minority rights norms once the main ‘carrot’ of membership conditionality is consumed. Secondly, it presents a comparative perspective on adoption of minority rights reforms in EU and non-EU countries (Latvia and Georgia respectively). Last, by incorporating analysis of both ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ processes of change, it contributes to the emerging research on the role of ‘bottom-up’ processes in Europeanization of domestic policies. This study shows that the influence of IOs on states after accession is very limited. However, it is not defunct. Adoption of the FCNM in both countries is explained in terms of the ruling government’s reputational concerns to safeguard an image of being ‘good European citizens.' In turn, reputational concerns, when and if present, were only effective to the extent of forging formal (as opposed to behavioural) compliance. Behavioural compliance, on the other hand, was tamed by the ruling government’s stance towards minorities and domestic political considerations (including domestic opposition to reforms). Importantly, this study also shows that bottom-up processes in the postaccession period take place indeed. While their effects on forging positive changes are limited, these processes are more influential in Latvia, rather than in Georgia. The study concludes that legacies of the communist past and their geographical location make the states in question subject to (sometimes) conflicting norms. It thus suggests, in addition to analyzing the influence of IO membership, the further research in the area should take the influence of other regional states/players into consideration

Crimes against humanity in the conditions of military conflicts of the 21st Century: The practice of international courts

Despite the existence of norms of international public law regulating the conduct of war, during military conflicts, states completely ignore the established rules of war and go beyond common sense, committing crimes against humanity, organizing terrorist acts, and other illegal acts. In conditions where violations of the norms and rules of hostilities become a trend, it is important to investigate how international humanitarian law regulates armed conflicts, as well as the practice of international courts regarding the consideration of cases of crimes against humanity in the context of military conflicts of the 21st century. The purpose of the work is to study the practice of international judicial authorities in the investigation of crimes against humanity in the context of military conflicts of the 21st century. The research methodology consists of such methods as historical-legal, system analysis method, logical-semantic method, methods of documentary analysis, critical evaluation, and comparison. As a result of the conducted research, the peculiarities of consideration of cases regarding the commission of crimes against humanity in the conditions of military conflicts of the XXI century by international judicial bodies were considered. Thus, the concept of crime against humanity, and war crime were formed, signs of such crimes were identified, and proposals were formed to improve international legislation in terms of regulating international crimes and ways to increase the effectiveness of activities to prosecute those guilty of war crimes

Functional and technological prerequisites for architectural and space-planning design of test centers for technical systems

Ensuring the reliability and safety of technical systems is a milestone in their development and mass production. Reliability testing of technical systems is performed in special laboratories and centers. Today, there is a great deal of experience in simulating operating conditions of technical systems in order to predict and increase their reliability. This paper discusses the identification of functional technological processes in the existing test centers for technical systems in order to develop their architectural and space-planning design. The test processes for technical systems have been classified. The analysis of the existing test centers for technical systems and the test procedures made it possible to identify the main infrastructure elements, as well as their equipment, which was necessary for laying down the principles of architectural and space-planning design of such centers as a separate design object

LIVER ABSCESSES: A 10-YEAR VINNYTSYA UNIVERSITY STUDY

According to MEDLINE database there were about 1278 papers on liver abscess published in a period from 2001 to 2015. The aim of the study is to improve liver abscess treatment results comparing minimally invasive and traditional operative techniques. Materials and methods. 137 patients were included in the study and divided on two comparison groups. Traditional methods were used for the treatment of 66 participants of the control group (48.2 %). For 71 patients (51.8 %) of the general group the mini-invasive drainages were predominating. Results. Cholangiogenic causes of liver abscesses were found in 41 patients (29.93±3.91 %), cryptogenic ones – in 37 (27.01±3.79 %), haematogenous causes – in 29 (21.17±3.49 %), contact ones – in 16 (11.68±2.75 %), posttraumatic ones – in 11 (8.03±2.32 %) and purulent destruction of metastases – in 3 (2.19±1.25 %). Single abscesses occurred more often – in 117 (85.40±3.02 %), multiple once – in 20 (14.60±3.02 %). Mostly 3, 6 and 7 liver segments were damaged – 19 (13.88±2.95 %), 35 (25.55±3.73 %), 44 (32.12±3.99 %). In control group, the abscess drainage via laparotomy was performed on 58 patients (87.88±4.02 % of 66 ones) versus 21 (29.58±5.42 % of 71 ones) in general group. Percutaneous drainage was used in 8 (12.12±4.02 %) and in 44 (61.97±5.76 %) cases respectively. 6 or 8.45±3.30 % laparoscopic interventions were used only in the general group. Finally, mini-invasive drainages were applied in the greater part of general group - 50 (70.42±5.42 %) versus 8 ones (12.12±4.02 %) in control group. Conclusions. Minimally invasive liver abscess drainages showed a significant reduction of postoperative complications from 24.24±5.27 % in the control group to 12.66±3.95 % in the general group, shortening of hospital terms from 14.6±1 in control to 5.2±0.8 days and decreasing of mortality from 7.58±3.26 % to 2.82±1.96 %