Legitimasi Tuan Guru di Tengah Pandemi Virus Corona ditinjau Dari Teori Orientasi, Sikap, dan Perilaku Keagamaan

Indonesia is a country that is based on God Almighty, in accordance with article 29 paragraph 1, so religious leader are needed in socializing or preaching about divinity, including the social value of God’s teachings. In Lombok a religious figure is called Tuan Guru which is the title of a Kyai who specialize in the culture of the Sasak people, as well as an effort to increase community participation in national development through religious language. The status of Tuan Guru is obtained because of his expertise in the field of religion, moral integrity, ability to teach, and preach. Tuan Guru is also considered to have blessing, so it’s no wonder the people are willing to flock to get blessings. Tuan Guru not only has legitimacy with his religious language, but also charismatic legitimacy. Tuan Guru is a figure who has charisma, very trusted and a role model for the Sasak people, and has a strong social control function in the mindst of the corona virus pandemic and helps people maintain their values of community solidarity in stopping the spread of the corona virus. Charismatic legitimacy is an important social capital in the midst of a pandemic, so that the religious orientation of the community becomes intrinsic, meaning that it is not selfish, but has an open attitude in acceting fatwas and appeals from the Indonesian Ulama’ council and the government, so that the religious attitudes and behavior orf each individual will be reflects compliance. Without charisma, being able to make the language of religion not reach the community, bot must go hand in hand. Finally, Tuan Guru must explain to the public about the dimensions of religion, not only the ritual, sacred, theological dimensions, but also the profane dimension, namely worldliness that needs to be of common concern, one of which is the problem of the corona virus pandemic  which is a human problem.  Keyword: Tuan Guru, Virus Corona, religious orientation, attitudes, and behavior. &nbsp

Anti-Breast Cancer Potency of Multistage Extraction from Jamur Dewa (Agaricus blazei Murill) Solvents on MCF-7 Cells

ABM (Agaricus blazei Murill) is a basidiomycetes fungus. ABM is used by people for the treatment of diabetes, antihypertention, anticholesterol, anticancer, and immunostimulant. ABM contains terpene, steroids, agaritine, vitamin C, vitamin E, and betaglucane. In this research, ABM extract was tested as an anti-breast cancer in vitro using MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The extract was obtained from the multistage extraction process of several solvents in turn, the solvent used, among others, n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. The results of the research were the obtained IC50 value from n-hexane extract 247,17 μg /ml; extract DCM 227μg/ml ; chloroform extract 215,64 μg /ml ; extract of ethyl acetate 234,9 μg/ml ; butanol extract 500,78 μg/ml; while the water extract was inactive. Based on these results can be considered for further research to fractionate in order to know which class compounds have the potency as anticancer within the extracts.Key words : Agaricus blazei, multistage extraction, MCF-7 cells

AKTIVITAS ANTIKANKER EKSTRAK n-HEKSANA DAN EKSTRAK METANOL HERBA PACAR AIR (Impatiens balsamina Linn) TERHADAP SEL KANKER PAYUDARA T47D

"> Pacar Air (Impatiens balsamina Linn.) adalah tanaman yang berfungsi sebagai antikanker, antiinflamasi, antirematik, analgesik, emenagog, dan dapat melunakkan benjolan yang keras (tumor). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji aktivitas antikanker ekstrak n-heksana dan metanol dari herba pacar air terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D secara in vitro dengan metode MTT (microculture tetrazolium salt). Herba pacar air dikatakan memiliki aktivitasnya dilihat dari jumlah sel hidup yang telah diujikan terhadap sel kanker payudara (sel T47D) dengan metode MTT dalam rentang waktu 24 jam setelah pemberian konsentrasi larutan uji kemudian ditentukan harga IC50 dengan menggunakanprobit analysis. Ekstrak n-heksan memiliki harga IC50 97,493 µg/ml sehingga dikatakan moderate aktif terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D. Sedangkan ekstrak metanol memiliki harga IC50 295,359 µg/ml. Hasil uji KLT terbukti adanya kandungan flavonoid dan steroid.Kata Kunci : pacar air (Impatiens balsamina Linn.), T47D, microculturetetrazolium salt (MTT) assay

Sinensetin-Rich Fraction Solid Dispersion Inhibits Cancer Cell Cycle

Drug development efforts to find new selective and safe drugs for cancer from natural resources are promising ones. The natural products are obtained in the multiple or single compounds. One of them is a sinensetin found in ethanol extract of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. Sinensetin could inhibit cancer cell proliferation. However, it has a poor solubility so the absorption is low and then it impacts on the low bioavailability. The solubility problem in conventional drug could be solved by pharmaceutical manipulation. In the previous research, the manipulation was tried although there was no single compound found in the material tested. We found an optimal formula of a manipulation using solid disperse system of polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) 15 times higher than sinensetin weight. This research was focused on observing the effect of the optimal formula of solid disperse system to inhibit cancer cell cycle. The cell lines used were T47D cells. The method used was flow cytometry. The result showed that the optimum formula has a consistent effect on the concentration of 40 and 60µg/mL. The sinensetin increase cell accumulation on S phase at the percentage of 18.80% (40µg/mL) and 22.21% (60µg/mL) compared to T47D normal cells. It reflects the S phase as the longest time experienced by the cells. Inhibition on S phase (S arrest) resulted from a DNA elongation. It causes an inhibition of DNA synthesis process. It could be concluded that the solid disperse of sinensetin was active to inhibit cancer cells proliferation on phase S.  Keywords: cell cycle; sinensetin; solid disperse; poor solubilit

Ekstrak etanol akar dan daun dari tanaman Calotropis gigantea aktif menghambat pertumbuhan sel kanker kolon WiDr secara in vitro

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan aktivitas antikanker ekstrak etanol bagian akar, daun dan bunga dari tanaman Calotropis gigantea terhadap sel kanker kolon WiDr. Pengujian efek penghambatan pertumbuhan antikanker dilakukan dengan metode MTT. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol bagian akar dan daun Calotropis gigantea mempunyai aktivitas antikanker terhadap sel kanker kolon WiDr yang lebih tinggi berturut turut dengan IC50 44.20 μg/ml; 48.50 μg/ml dibanding bagian bunga (IC50 3576 μg/ml) sehingga bagian akar dan daun dapat direkomendasikan untuk uji lebih lanjut dalam pengembangan fitofarmaka

New compounds of pregnanone from Calotropis gigantea roots actively against colon cancer cell WiDr through cell cycle inhibition

Calotropis gigantea (L.) W. Aiton (C. gigantea) is a medicinal plant that has been empirically proven to have anticancer activity. In a previous study, it showed that the fraction of ethyl acetate from the root part of C. gigantea had higher anticancer activity than the other fractions. It suspected that the ethyl acetate fraction of C. gigantea root contained active compounds that has anticancer properties. This study aimed to determine the anticancer activity of active compounds from the ethyl acetate fraction of C. gigantea root regarding induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and expression of caspase-8 colon cancer cell WiDr. Isolation of the active compounds from the ethyl acetate fraction of C. gigantea root was carried out using Bioassay-guided Isolation method. Identification of active compounds was using NMR-1H, NMR-13C, HMBC, HMQC and UPLCMS/MS methods. The anticancer activity test of the identified compounds performed by using MTT method. The induction of apoptotic and cell cycle arrest evaluated by a flow cytometry method. The result of this study showed two active compounds were identified namely (1) (Pregnanon-5-en, 3,14,17 trihydroxy-12- (4'-cyclohexyl benzoate) -, (3β, 12β, 14β) - (9CI), (2) Pregn-5-en-20-one, 3,8,14 trihydroxy-12 - [(4'-hydroxy benzoyl) oxy] -, (3β, 12β, 14β, 17α) - (9CI). Both compounds inhibited the growth of colon cancer cell WiDr with IC50 values respectively were 15.89 μg/mL and 0.77 μg/mL. Both compounds increased the induction of apoptotic by increasing sub-G1, S, and G2-M following depletion of G0-G1 phase accumulation

THE INCREASING OF VEGF EXPRESSION AND RE-EPITHELIALIZATION ON DERMAL WOUND HEALING PROCESS AFTER TREATMENT OF BANANA PEEL EXTRACT (MUSA ACUMINATA COLLA)

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the efficacy of topical administration of an alcoholic bark extract of Musa acuminata Colla on cutaneous wound healing including expression of VEGF and re-epithelization on dermal in rats. Methods: Model was performed to evaluate the excision model of wound healing activity. Full-thickness excision wounds were made on the back of rat and Musa acuminata Colla extract was topically administered (doses 25%, 50% & 75%). The formation of granulation tissue was observed on day 4, 8, 12 and 16 (post-wound) to indicate VEGF and collagen. The extract increased cellular re-epithelialisation and collagen synthesis at the wound site, shown by increase in VEGF, and total collagen content of granulation tissues. The rate of contraction in wounds was determined by tracing the wound surface onto a transparent graph paper and measuring the surface area by planimetry. Results: From the observation in EBP, all doses were found to have wound healing activity in wound contraction and period of epithelialization. The increasing of VEGF expression was found greater in the extract treated group than control group. The tensile strength of extract treated group was increased significantly. Conclusion: The results indicated that Musa acuminata Colla peel extracts has significant wound healing activity

Cytotoxic effect of crude extract and fraction from Calotropis Gigantea leaves on human colon cancer widr cell lines

Objectives: This paper sought to understand and determine the cytotoxic’s effects of crude extract and its fraction from Calotropis gigantea leaves on human colon cancer WiDr cell lines. Methods: The ethanolic extract was fractionated gradually with certain substances to yield four fractions. The substances were dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and butanol. The four fractions resulted in dichloromethane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, butanol fraction, and a water fraction. These fractions were then investigated for their cytotoxic effects on WiDr cells. The cell viability was assessed using MTT colorimetric assay. Results: The result indicated that the cytotoxic effects of the ethanolic extract (IC5048.5 μg/ml), ethyl acetate fraction (IC5041.79 μg/ml), and dichloromethane fraction (IC5040.57μg/ml) produced a much more potent effect than the butanol fraction (IC50 737.74 μg/ml) and water fraction (IC508493 μg/ml). Conclusion: The ethanolic extract, ethyl acetate fraction and dichloromethane fraction exhibited a potent cytotoxic effect on human colon cancer WiDr cell line. The crude extract and fractions are potential to be developed as an anticancer agent in colon cancer therapy

Ethyl acetate fraction of Calotropis gigantea roots induce apoptosis through increased G2/M and increased expression of caspase-8 in colon cancer WiDr cell line

Cell apoptosis is one of important mechanisms and used as target for anticancer drugs. This study aimed at determining the mechanism of apoptosis induced by the most active fraction of Calotropis gigantea root extract in colon cancer cells WiDr. Calotropis gigantea root extract (CGRE) was fractionated using solvents including water, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanol. All four fractions were tested for cytotoxicity using MTT method and the absorbant was measured at wavelength of 595 nm. Further, the mechanisms of cell cycle and apoptosis induced by the most active fraction were analyzed using Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting with marker (probe) propidium iodine (PI) and annexin V. The results showed that the cytotoxicity of CGRE on WiDr cell line was 44.2 µg/ml, F1 (IC50 0,367μg/ml), F2 (IC50 0.063 μg/ml), F3 (IC50 0.18 μg/ml), and F4 (IC50 2.24 μg/ml). WiDr cells treated with F2 caused changes in the cell cycle profile through an increased G2/M phase ( 38.18%), increased cell apoptosis (20.05%) and increased expression of caspase-8 (27.4%). In conclusion, F2 of CGRE exhibited anticancer activity against WiDR cell through Cell cycle arrest G2/M phase enhancement and increased expression of caspase-8, that resulted in an increased cell apoptosis

The Marker Active Compound Identification of Calotropis gigantea Roots Extract as an Anticancer

Calotropis gigantiea (L.) R. Br (Apocynaceae) commonly called as “Biduri” or “giant milk weed” is a well-known weed to many cultures for treating various disorders. Several studies reported that C.gigantea roots has anticancer activity. The main aim of this research was to isolate and identify an active marker compound of C.gigantea roots for quality control purpose of its extract in the development as anticancer natural product. The isolation methods was bioactivity guided column chromatography, TLC and HPLC. Evaluated anticancer activity of there substances using MTT assay methods. Identification structure active compound by UV, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, HMBC, HMQC spectral and other references. The result showed that the marker active compound was identical as Calotropin