Anti-inflammatory Activity of Eugenia jambolana and Trigonella foenum graecum in Experimental Animal Model

The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Eugenia jambolana and Trigonella foenum graecum in abino rats. Animals were classified into seven groups; T1 served as vehicle control, which received 0.1 ml gum acacia, while T2 received acetylsalicylic acid at 150 mg/kg orally. The ethanolic extract of E. jambolana in gum acacia was administered orally in groups T3 and T4 at 100 and 200 mg/kg orally respectively. Aqueous extract of T. f. graecum in gum acacia was administered orally at a dose rate of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg to T5, T6 and T7 respectively. Paw oedema was induced by injecting 0.1 ml of 1% (w/v) carrageenan sub-cutaneously (s/c). The percentage inhibition of oedema in T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 and T7 were observed to be 62, 43, 64, 57, 58 and 62 percent respectively. The results of the present study revealed that the treatment groups showed a significant reduction in paw volume in a dose dependent manner indicating their anti-inflammatory action, which had provided a proof for the scientific validation of their ethno pharmacological property

A cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression Swiss Albino mouse model unveils a potential role for cow urine distillate as a feed additive

Background: Traditional and natural immunomodulators are increasingly used as supplements in animal feeds and as interventions in the prevention and treatment of disease in animals. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the immunomodulatory characteristics of distilled cow urine in vivo using two mouse models, a normal mouse model and an immunosuppressive mouse model. Methodology: We divided 144 Swiss Albino mice weighing between 15 g and 30 g, aged between two and three months, into two groups of 72 mice each. In the first group, we subdivided the animals into six subgroups of 12 each. In this group paramerters such as, body weight, organ weights of liver and kidney, haemagglutination titre, Jerne plaque-forming assay, and bone marrow cellularity were measured. We divided the second group into six subgroups for the assessment of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). Results: As compared to normal control mice, immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice (given cow urine distillate) had significant increases in body weight, spleen weight, liver weight, total leucocyte count, lymphocyte count, serum protein, and globulin contents. In the treatment groups, the titre of antibodies, the number of antibody- producing cells, the cellularity of bone marrow, and foot pad thickness also increased. In the treatment group, both humoral and cellular immunity were altered compared to the control group, suggesting cow urine distillate to be a potential animal feed ingredient for immunoregulation. Conclusion: This study was able to demonstrate the experimental validity of natural compounds as immunomodulators that can be used in feed supplements for animals. Various compounds could be tested for immunomodulatory effects using this technique in experimental animals

Schiff bases and their amines: Synthesis and discovery of carbonic anhydrase and acetylcholinesterase enzymes inhibitors

Three series of symmetrical Schiff bases were synthesized from 1,2-diaminoethane, 1,3-diaminopropane and 1,4-diaminobutane and substituted benzaldehydes, and reduced by sodium borohydride to the corresponding benzylic diamines 4-6. All of the compounds obtained were characterized using elemental analysis, FT-IR, H-1 NMR, and C-13 NMR spectroscopy. The enzyme inhibitory properties of these compounds were tested and the influence of the alkane chain length and the substituents on the phenyl group on the enzyme inhibition activity were examined. The novel Schiff bases and their amine derivatives (1a-d, 2a-d, 3b-d, 4a-c, 5a-c, 6a, 6c, 6d) were effective inhibitors of the cytosolic carbonic anhydrase I and II isoforms (hCA I and II), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with K-i values in the range of 159.43 +/- 30.03 to 563.73 +/- 115.30nM for hCA I, 104.88 +/- 18.44 to 524.32 +/- 95.03nM for hCA II, and 3.95 +/- 0.74 to 30.83 +/- 6.81nM for AChE