A ORIENTAÇÃO DE ESTUDANTES: DESAFIOS E PERSPECTIVAS DA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR NO INTERIOR DO AMAZONAS

Este trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa sobre as ações de Orientação ofertadas a estudantes na expansão do ensino superior no interior do Amazonas. A discussão se desenvolve mediante a proposição por uma educação inclusiva e de qualidade para todos, a partir da educação básica, em face de pressão social e pelas recentes políticas públicas de expansão universitária que traz intrínseca perene problemática: a necessidade de efetivar ações que assegurem a qualidade, que por sua vez, se reflita em mecanismos que ajudem a diminuir a retenção e a evasão. A partir desse problema se delineou a pesquisa, onde se objetivou conhecer, segundo a percepção de estudantes, em que medida a Instituição lócus do estudo os atende em suas necessidades de Orientação no decorrer da vida acadêmica. Para tanto, o enfoque qualitativo orientou a metodologia viabilizada em um estudo de caso que teve questionários e entrevistas como instrumentos de coleta. Por fim, na conclusão se assinala existir necessidade de ampliar as ações de Orientação, tanto em relação ao serviço prestado por docentes, quanto à gestão institucional. E, a urgência de avanço na discussão de políticas diferenciadas, sob o entendimento de se superar os condicionantes historicamente impostos à região neste nível de ensino.   Palavras-chave: Ensino Superior. Orientação de Estudantes. Educação inclusiva. Interior do Amazonas

O desafio do uso das tecnologias de informação e comunicação para a organização dos sistemas educacionais

Este estudo aborda a necessidade de inserção das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) nos sistemas educacionais públicos, sob o olhar de suas possibilidades e limites. Destaca a relevância desta ação para a organização do trabalho na escola pública dentro da perspectiva sociocrítica da educação. O texto foi elaborado com base em dados bibliográficos fundamentados nos autores que desenvolveram estudos sobre esta temática. Na perspectiva da proposta defendida, a inserção de novos métodos e ferramentas a serem adotados deve ir ao encontro das reais precisões das escolas, considerando as comunidades nelas inseridas. Neste entendimento, há necessidade de se organizar novas práticas na escola integradas ao uso e estudo das novas tecnologias. É preciso ir além dos condicionantes históricos, que vão desde o desrespeito aos aspectos culturais, à falta de investimentos, a formação pedagógica e funcional nas escolas públicas, fatores que impedem a democratização e o melhor aproveitamento das tecnologias pelas camadas populares, fator que inviabiliza sua maior participação na sociedade globalizada e informatizada.

Hydroxychloroquine decreases Th17-related cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis patients

OBJECTIVES: Hydroxychloroquine is an antimalarial agent that has been used in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis treatment for many years. Recently, novel mechanisms of action have been proposed, thereby broadening the therapeutic perspective of this medication. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of hydroxychloroquine in T helper 17 (Th17) cytokines in healthy individuals and patients. METHODS: Eighteen female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (mean age 39.0±12.9 years) and 13 female patients with rheumatoid arthritis (mean age 51.5±7.7 years) were recruited from Universidade Federal de Pernambuco-Brazil. The patients were included after fulfilling four classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis from the American College of Rheumatology. After being stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin in the absence or presence of different concentrations of hydroxychloroquine, the interleukin 6, 17 and 22 levels were quantified with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in culture supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy individuals and patients. RESULTS: We demonstrated that in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers and in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis patients, there was a significant reduction in the IL-6, IL-17 and IL-22 supernatant levels after adding hydroxychloroquine. CONCLUSIONS Our in vitro results demonstrated that hydroxychloroquine inhibits IL-6, IL-17 and IL-22 production and contributes to a better understanding of the mechanism of action of this medication

Effect of chronic treatment with Rosiglitazone on Leydig cell steroidogenesis in rats: In vivo and ex vivo studies

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The present study was designed to examine the effect of chronic treatment with rosiglitazone - thiazolidinedione used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus for its insulin sensitizing effects - on the Leydig cell steroidogenic capacity and expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) in normal adult rats.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Twelve adult male Wistar rats were treated with rosiglitazone (5 mg/kg) administered by gavage for 15 days. Twelve control animals were treated with the vehicle. The ability of rosiglitazone to directly affect the production of testosterone by Leydig cells <it>ex vivo </it>was evaluated using isolated Leydig cells from rosiglitazone-treated rats. Testosterone production was induced either by activators of the cAMP/PKA pathway (hCG and dbcAMP) or substrates of steroidogenesis [22(R)-hydroxy-cholesterol (22(R)-OH-C), which is a substrate for the P450scc enzyme, and pregnenolone, which is the product of the P450scc-catalyzed step]. Testosterone in plasma and in incubation medium was measured by radioimmunoassay. The StAR and P450scc expression was detected by immunocytochemistry.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The levels of total circulating testosterone were not altered by rosiglitazone treatment. A decrease in basal or induced testosterone production occurred in the Leydig cells of rosiglitazone-treated rats. The ultrastructural and immunocytochemical analysis of Leydig cells from rosiglitazone-treated rats revealed cells with characteristics of increased activity as well as increased StAR and P450scc expression, which are key proteins in androgen biosynthesis. However, a number of rosiglitazone-treated cells exhibited significant mitochondrial damage.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The results revealed that the Leydig cells from rosiglitazone-treated rats showed significant reduction in testosterone production under basal, hCG/dbcAMP- or 22 (R)-OH-C/pregnenolone-induced conditions, although increased labeling of StAR and P450scc was detected in these cells by immunocytochemistry. The ultrastructural study suggested that the lower levels of testosterone produced by these cells could be due to mitochondrial damage induced by rosiglitazone.</p

2-(2-Nitro­anilino)-4,5,6,7-tetra­hydro­benzo[b]thio­phene-3-carbonitrile

The title compound, C15H13N3O2S, was synthesized by the reaction of 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetra­hydro-4H-cyclo­hepta­[b]thio­phene-3-carbonitrile and o-fluoro­nitro­benzene. The dihedral angle between the thio­phene and nitro­phenyl rings is 75.15 (2)°. In the crystal, inter­molecular N—H⋯N and C—H⋯O inter­actions lead to the formation of a supra­molecular chain extending along the c-axis direction

Efficient synthesis of benzothiazine and acrylamide compounds

This article describes the synthesis of the new (2Z)-2-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-6-nitro-4H -benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-one, (2Z)-2-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-4-methyl-6-nitro-4H-benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-one, (2Z)-6-amino-2-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-4H -benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-one, (2Z)-6-butylamino-2-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-4-methyl-4H-benzo[1,4]-thiazin-3-one and (2E)-N-alkyl-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-3-phenylacrylamides and the spectroscopic data. The arylidenebenzothiazine compounds were prepared using the Knoevenagel condensation with substituted benzaldehydes in the presence of sodium methoxide in DMF. The presence of a nitro substituent in the 4-position, water and a slightly acid reaction medium in this condensation caused the rupture of the benzothiazine ring and subsequent formation of the phenylacrylamide compounds. A crystallographic data was presented for (2E)-3-(4-bromophenyl)-N-dodecyl-N -(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl) acrylamide.CNPqCoordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES

Validation of a UV-spectrophotometric analytical method for determination of LPSF/AC04 from inclusion complex and liposomes

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a UV spectrophotometric method for determination of LPSF/AC04 from inclusion complex and encapsulated into liposomes. The validation parameters were determined according to the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) and National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) guidelines. LPSF/AC04 was determined at 250 nm in methanol by a UV spectrophotometric method, exhibiting linearity in the range from 0.3 to 2 µg.mL−1 (Absorbance=0.18068 x [LPSF/AC04 µg.mL-1] + 0.00348), (r2=0.9995). The limits of detection and quantification were 0.047µg.mL−1 and 0.143µg.mL−1, respectively. The method was accurate, precise, reproducible and robust since all the samples analyzed had coefficient of variation of less than 5% and no statistically significant difference between theoretical and practical concentrations was detected. Thus, a rapid, simple, low cost and sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for determining the content of inclusion complex and liposomes containing LPSF/AC04.O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver e validar um método espectrofotométrico para determinação do LPSF/AC04 em complexo de inclusão e encapsulado em lipossomas. Os parâmetros de validação foram determinados de acordo com o International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) e Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). OLPSF/AC04 foi determinado a 250 nm em metanol pelo método espectrofotométrico UV, que apresenta linearidade na faixa de 0,3 a 2 µg/mL (Absorbância = 0,18068 x [LPSF/AC04 µg/mL] + 0,00348), (r2 = 0,9995). Os limites de detecção e quantificação foi 0,047 µg/mL e 0,143 µg/mL, respectivamente. O método foi exato, preciso, reprodutível e robusto e todas as amostras analisadas apresentaram coeficiente de variação menor que 5% e não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre a concentração teórica e a prática. Assim, um método espectrofotométrico rápido, simples, sensível e de baixo custo foi desenvolvido e validado para determinar o conteúdo do LPSF/AC04 em complexos de inclusão e encapsulados em lipossomas

2-(2-Nitro­anilino)-5,6,7,8-tetra­hydro-4H-cyclo­hepta­[b]thio­phene-3-carbonitrile

The title compound, C16H15N3O2S, was synthesized by the reaction of 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetra­hydro-4H-cyclo­hepta­[b]thio­phene-3-carbonitrile and o-fluoro­nitro­benzene. The thio­phene and nitro­phenyl rings and amino and carbonitrile groups are coplanar with a maximum deviation of 0.046 (2) Å and a dihedral angle of 0.92 (6)° between the rings. The cyclo­hepta ring adopts a chair conformation. Intra­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯S inter­actions occur. In the crystal, the mol­ecules form layers that are linked by π–π stacking inter­actions between the thio­phene and benzene rings [centroid–centroid distances = 3.7089 (12) and 3.6170 (12) Å]

2-Amino-4,5,6,7-tetra­hydro­benzo[b]thio­phene-3-carbonitrile

The title compound, C9H10N2S, was synthesized according to Gewald procedures by the reaction of cyclo­hexa­none with malonitrile and sulfur in the presence morpholine. The cyclo­hexane ring adopts a half-chair conformation and the thio­phene ring is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.05 Å). The crystal packing is stabilized by two inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, which link the mol­ecules into centrosymmetric rings with graph-set motif R 2 2(12)

Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of indole–imidazolidine derivatives

AbstractNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) represent a group of approximately 50 different medicines that are widely prescribed for the management of inflammation and that exhibit variable anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic activities. Most NSAIDs also exhibit a shared set of adverse effects, particularly related to gastrointestinal complications; thus, the development of new drugs for the treatment of chronic inflammation and pain continues to be an issue of high interest. Hydantoin and indole derivatives are reported to possess various pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of hybrid molecules containing imidazole and indole nuclei. The anti-inflammatory activities of 5-(1H-Indol-3-yl-methylene)-2-thioxo-imidazolidin-4-one (LPSF/NN-56) and 3-(4-Bromo-benzyl)-5-(1H-indol-3-yl-methylene)-2thioxo-imidazolidin-4-one (LPSF/NN-52) were evaluated using air pouch and carrageenan-induced peritonitis models as well as an acetic acid-induced vascular permeability model followed by IL-1β and TNF-α quantification. To evaluate the antinociceptive activities of the compounds, acetic acid-induced nociception, formalin and hot plate tests were also performed. The anti-inflammatory activities of the compounds were evidenced by a reduction in both leukocyte migration and the release of TNF-α and IL-1β in air pouch and peritonitis models. Upon acetic acid-induced nociception, a decrease in the level of abdominal writhing in the groups treated with LPSF/NN-52 (52.1%) or LPSF/NN-56 (63.1%) was observed. However, in the hot plate test, none of the derivatives tested exhibited an inhibition of nociception. These results indicate that the compounds tested exhibited promising anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities that likely involved the modulation of the immune system