Associate Ring Graphs

R is a commutative ring with unity. The associate ring graph AG(R) is the graph with the vertex set V = R • {0} and edge set E = {(a, b) / a, b are associates and a ≠ b}. Since the relation of being associate is on equivalence relation, this graph is an undirected graph and also each component is complete. In this paper, I present some of the interesting results majority of which are for the ring of integers modulo n, n is a positive integer

MINING CONNECTED AND DISTRIBUTED ORDER OVER PERPENDICULARLY DIVIDED REPOSITORIES WITH FINE SECURITY

This writing suggested a walk Q-number that rate the performance of the FS formula. Q-statistic computation for both the soundness of selected feature subset and also the conjecture precision. The paper inspires Booster to improve the performance of the existing FS formula. However, object by an FS formula in flax with the surmise preciseness is departure to be wavering within the variations within the training set, particularly in high dimensional data. This journal proposes a brand-new evaluation measure Q-statistic that comes with the soundness from the selected feature subset in addition towards the suspicion exactness. Then, we advise the Booster of the FS formula that reinforces the need for the Q-number from the formula visit. An important intrinsic trouble with forward choice is, however, a specifier within the decision from the initial feature can guidance to a wholly different form soundness from the selected Embarrass of form can be no kidding low even though the selection may yield high precision. This paper intends Q-statistic to judge the performance of the FS formula possession a classifier. This can be a hybrid way of measuring the conjecture nicety from the classifier and also the stability from the choice features. The MI estimation with statistical data involves density estimation of high dimensional data. Although much exploration happens to be done on multivariate compactness estimation, high dimensional density computation with small sample dimensions are still a formidable undertaking. Then your journal talks Booster on choose feature given FS formula

Technical Change and Yield Variability in Nepalese Agriculture

For the last decade or so, Nepalese agriculture has been characterised by a declining trend in crop yields. Yields have been declining at the same time as the modern techniques of production embodied in high yielding crop varieties and chemical fertilizers have been emphasized within the country, and substantial increases in productivity have been achieved with the adoption of these techniques in many countries. The objectives in the study are to identify factors affecting temporal as well as spatial variation in crop yields and to gain more understanding about the efficacy of seed-fertilizer technology in elevating the situation of the Nepalese agriculture from its continuing state of stagnation. Systems of equations relating individual crop yields to seasonal rainfall and time trend were estimated. The relationship between aggregate yield and use of chemical fertilizers, high yielding varieties, irrigation and annual rainfall was also estimated. The time variable acts as a surrogate for technical change. Time series data from 1971 to 1980 for different sub-regions were combined for the estimation of parameters. Outputs and cropped areas of five principal crops were considered. The findings of the study suggest that rainfall alone explains a large part of the fluctuations in crop yields. Inputs reflecting technical change such as high yielding varieties, chemical fertilizers and irrigation do not seem to have contributed to raising aggregate crop yields. It seems that technical change has not been firmly established at the aggregate level. Agriculture in Nepal in general is still at the traditional stage

Dose volume histogram analysis of normal structures associated with accelerated partial breast irradiation delivered by high dose rate brachytherapy and comparison with whole breast external beam radiotherapy fields

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Purpose</p> <p>To assess the radiation dose delivered to the heart and ipsilateral lung during accelerated partial breast brachytherapy using a MammoSite™ applicator and compare to those produced by whole breast external beam radiotherapy (WBRT).</p> <p>Materials and methods</p> <p>Dosimetric analysis was conducted on patients receiving MammoSite breast brachytherapy following conservative surgery for invasive ductal carcinoma. Cardiac dose was evaluated for patients with left breast tumors with a CT scan encompassing the entire heart. Lung dose was evaluated for patients in whom the entire lung was scanned. The prescription dose of 3400 cGy was 1 cm from the balloon surface. MammoSite dosimetry was compared to simulated WBRT fields with and without radiobiological correction for the effects of dose and fractionation. Dose parameters such as the volume of the structure receiving 10 Gy or more (V10) and the dose received by 20 cc of the structure (D20), were calculated as well as the maximum and mean doses received.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Fifteen patients were studied, five had complete lung data and six had left-sided tumors with complete cardiac data. Ipsilateral lung volumes ranged from 925–1380 cc. Cardiac volumes ranged from 337–551 cc. MammoSite resulted in a significantly lower percentage lung V30 and lung and cardiac V20 than the WBRT fields, with and without radiobiological correction.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study gives low values for incidental radiation received by the heart and ipsilateral lung using the MammoSite applicator. The volume of heart and lung irradiated to clinically significant levels was significantly lower with the MammoSite applicator than using simulated WBRT fields of the same CT data sets.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>Dana Farber Trial Registry number 03-179</p

Inherent change in MammoSite applicator three-dimensional geometry over time

Accelerated partial breast irradiation is commonly done with the MammoSite applicator, which requires symmetry to treat the patient. This paper describes three cases that were asymmetric when initially placed and became symmetric over time, without manipulation

Are Tuberculosis Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Hyderabad, India Being Managed According to National Guidelines?

A tertiary health care facility (Government General and Chest hospital) in Hyderabad, India

Solar pond powered liquid desiccant evaporative cooling

Liquid desiccant cooling systems (LDCS) are energy efficient means of providing cooling, especially when powered by low-grade thermal sources. In this paper, the underlying principles of operation of desiccant cooling systems are examined, and the main components (dehumidifier, evaporative cooler and regenerator) of the LDCS are reviewed. The evaporative cooler can take the form of direct, indirect or semi-indirect. Relative to the direct type, the indirect type is generally less effective. Nonetheless, a certain variant of the indirect type - namely dew-point evaporative cooler - is found to be the most effective amongst all. The dehumidifier and the regenerator can be of the same type of equipment: packed tower and falling film are popular choices, especially when fitted with an internal heat exchanger. The energy requirement of the regenerator can be supplied from solar thermal collectors, of which a solar pond is an interesting option especially when a large scale or storage capability is desired

Functional nanofiber coating on metal and polymer implants.

Electrospun nanofiber is used for wide range of applications in the field of biomedical engineering because of its ease of production. Due to its low cost, biocompatibility, and slow bioresorption, poly-??-caprolactone (PCL) is used as a polymer to produce the nanofiber for various applications. In this Thesis, there are three independent goals. (a) To improve the biomechanical efficiency of a composite hydrogel made with Polyethylene (glycol) Diacrylate (PEGDA) anchored with PCL nanofiber as an implant for disc degenerative disease. (b) To improve the biomechanical efficiency of a titanium implant by altering the surface and treating it with tesryl chloride and fibernectin, (c) Develop an engineered blood vessel for an artery disease. To achieve the first goal, the biomechanical performances of the intervertebral disc (IVD) implant anchored with electrospun nanofiber mesh to the natural and those IVDs made with silicone NP only are compared. The short time (static) compression, rheological, finite element tests using human lumbar spine model showed the potentiality of the disc as a tissue-engineered IVD. The compression test results show that ENAS disc compressive modulus (87.47 ?? 7.56 kPa, n = 3) is significantly higher in comparison to silicone gel (38.75 ?? 2.15 kPa, n = 3) and the value is within the range of the compressive modulus of human NP (64.9 ?? 44.1 kPa). The rheological test results show that ENAS disc compressive modulus (16 ~ 40 kPa) is significantly higher in comparison to silicone gel (0.10 ~ 0.16 kPa) and the value is within the range of the compressive modulus of human NP (7 ~ 20 kPa). Also, we have conducted in vivo biological efficiency using the rat tail IVD model for which our fabricated IVD was implanted on six rat tails. After 28 days of the implantation, the IVD implant has been removed. Micro-computed tomography (??CT) images and histological analysis were conducted to see the disc height and bone growth around the implant. To achieve the second goal, the laser grooved titanium implant coated with PCL nanofibers and the implant which has only laser groove (control) are implanted in the femur of a rabbit. Both the implants are treated with tesrylchloride and fibernectin before nanofiber coating. Histological analysis is done for the implants and the results were compared to that of control implants. The bone growth around the grooved titanium implant is found to be significantly higher to a controlled one. For the third goal, a preliminary study has been carried out and a blood vessel is fabricated using the PCL polymer solution. A simulated blood fluid is passed through the blood vessel and the maximum flow rate of the engineered blood vessel is determined