5,318 research outputs found
Country curing hams
"Many people like the flavor of ham that has been cured country style. Its characteristic flavor is quite different from mild-cured commercial hams."--First page.M.A. Alexander (Department of Animal Science), William C. Stringer (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture)Revised 7/85/5
Safety for meat packers and processors : a manual for the meat packing and meat processing industries of Mimssouri incorportating pertinent material from the Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970
"2/75/1.5M""Prepared Under Special Contract To: The Task Force On Occupational Safety & Health Labor and Industrial Relations Commission Department of Labor and Industrial Relations State of Missouri "This manual is designed to assist management of meat packing establishments to develop a program of voluntary compliance with the standards set forth under the authority of the Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act, 1970. This material covers the major specific standards under the Act that concern the meat packing industry. Our purpose is to point out situations in the work environment that are possible violations of the Act, and to refer the reader's attention to the section of the Federal Register that sets forth standards covering the possible violations. Management personnel of the meat packing industry are urged to keep informed of periodic changes in the standards of the Act. Information on these revisions may be obtained from UMC 1s Industrial and Technical Referral Center or from any of the industrial extension specialists located throughout Missouri.--Prefac
Endo-cannibalism in the making of a recent British ancestor
Following his death in 1975, the ashes of Wally Hope, founder of Stonehenge People's Free Festival, were scattered in the centre of Stonehenge. When a child tasted the ashes the rest of the group followed this lead. In the following decades, as the festival increasingly became the site of contest about British heritage and culture, the story of Wally's ashes was told at significant times. His name continues to be invoked at gatherings today. This paper discusses these events as 'the making of an ancestor', and explores wider contexts in which they might be understood. These include Druidic involvement in the revival of cremation, Amazonian bone-ash endo-cannibalism, and popular means of speaking of and to dead relatives. In addition to considering the role of 'ancestors' in contemporary Britain, the paper contributes to considerations of 'ancestry' as a different way of being dead, of a particular moment in the evolution of an alternative religious neo-tribal movement, of the meanings of 'cannibalism', and of the ways in which human remains might be treated by the bereaved and by various other interested parties
Prehistory of the British Isles: A tale of coming and going
It is now recognised that Britain has not always been geographically isolated from Europe and, for most of the last one million years, formed an extension of the northwest European landmass. During most of this time, Britain was accessible to migrating humans and animals, although climatic conditions varied greatly from Mediterranean-like through to glaciations and extreme cold, making Britain a difficult place to settle for any length of time. The oldest evidence for humans in Britain dates to between about 850,000 and 1 million years ago. Recovered lithic artefacts suggest that hominin species occupied and deserted the British Isles at least nine times. This article reviews the prehistory of the British Isles and presents the main sites and time periods
Climate Science, Development Practice, and Policy Interactions in Dryland Agroecological Systems
The literature on drought, livelihoods, and poverty suggests that dryland residents are especially vulnerable to climate change. However, assessing this vulnerability and sharing lessons between dryland communities on how to reduce vulnerability has proven difficult because of multiple definitions of vulnerability, complexities in quantification, and the temporal and spatial variability inherent in dryland agroecological systems. In this closing editorial, we review how we have addressed these challenges through a series of structured, multiscale, and interdisciplinary vulnerability assessment case studies from drylands in West Africa, southern Africa, Mediterranean Europe, Asia, and Latin America. These case studies adopt a common vulnerability framework but employ different approaches to measuring and assessing vulnerability. By comparing methods and results across these cases, we draw out the following key lessons: (1) Our studies show the utility of using consistent conceptual frameworks for vulnerability assessments even when quite different methodological approaches are taken; (2) Utilizing narratives and scenarios to capture the dynamics of dryland agroecological systems shows that vulnerability to climate change may depend more on access to financial, political, and institutional assets than to exposure to environmental change; (3) Our analysis shows that although the results of quantitative models seem authoritative, they may be treated too literally as predictions of the future by policy makers looking for evidence to support different strategies. In conclusion, we acknowledge there is a healthy tension between bottom-up/ qualitative/place-based approaches and top-down/quantitative/generalizable approaches, and we encourage researchers from different disciplines with different disciplinary languages, to talk, collaborate, and engage effectively with each other and with stakeholders at all levels
Simultaneous computation of dynamical and equilibrium information using a weighted ensemble of trajectories
Equilibrium formally can be represented as an ensemble of uncoupled systems
undergoing unbiased dynamics in which detailed balance is maintained. Many
non-equilibrium processes can be described by suitable subsets of the
equilibrium ensemble. Here, we employ the "weighted ensemble" (WE) simulation
protocol [Huber and Kim, Biophys. J., 1996] to generate equilibrium trajectory
ensembles and extract non-equilibrium subsets for computing kinetic quantities.
States do not need to be chosen in advance. The procedure formally allows
estimation of kinetic rates between arbitrary states chosen after the
simulation, along with their equilibrium populations. We also describe a
related history-dependent matrix procedure for estimating equilibrium and
non-equilibrium observables when phase space has been divided into arbitrary
non-Markovian regions, whether in WE or ordinary simulation. In this
proof-of-principle study, these methods are successfully applied and validated
on two molecular systems: explicitly solvated methane association and the
implicitly solvated Ala4 peptide. We comment on challenges remaining in WE
calculations
Climate change adaptation planning and cross-sectoral policy coherence in southern Africa
The post-2015 development agenda requires policy coherence, where achievement
of development goals in one sector does not undermine the achievement of the
goals of another. It also recognises that cross-cutting issues like adaptation
to climate change need to be mainstreamed across multiple sectors. This paper
presents a policy analysis using the cases of Malawi, Tanzania and Zambia. It
analyses the water management and agricultural strategies and approaches
identified in a variety of policies and plans. These include national sector
policies for water and agriculture, National Development Plans, and climate
change policies and strategies, including National Adaptation Programmes of
Action and the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions submitted prior to
the 2015 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Conference of
the Parties. It assesses the extent to which policies are coherent with one
another with regard to their treatment of climate change adaptation using
Qualitative Document Analysis. Findings identify that sector policies show
some degree of cross-thematic coherence, in particular around their
acknowledgement of the importance to address disaster management of floods and
droughts. However, policy statements are typified by a relative lack of
recognition of the need to develop supporting instruments and strategies that
address climate adaptation needs over longer timeframes. Climate change
policies explicitly call for significant investment in adaptation from the
international community. Where coherence between sector and climate policies
and strategies is strongest, the more recent climate policies largely
repackage existing sectoral policy statements. These findings can be
understood in the context of the uncertainty of climate change impacts for the
longer term (for which a wider variety of adaptations are identified),
alongside more event-driven disaster management planning where the impacts are
more immediate and obviously evident. This prioritisation is also linked to
development needs and the short-term nature of political cycles and economic
gain. For climate-resilient policy decision-making to make further headway, we
argue that governments need to embrace cross-sectoral planning more pro-
actively in order to foster greater policy coherence and to deliver more
climate resilient agriculture and water management
A retrospective study of HIV, antiretroviral therapy, and pregnancy-associated hypertension among women in Lusaka, Zambia
To investigate the association between HIV, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and pregnancy-associated hypertension (PAH) in an HIV-endemic setting
Suite2p: beyond 10,000 neurons with standard two-photon microscopy
Two-photon microscopy of calcium-dependent sensors has enabled unprecedented recordings from vast populations of neurons. While the sensors and microscopes have matured over several generations of development, computational methods to process the resulting movies remain inefficient and can give results that are hard to interpret. Here we introduce Suite2p: a fast, accurate and complete pipeline that registers raw movies, detects active cells, extracts their calcium traces and infers their spike times. Suite2p runs on standard workstations, operates faster than real time, and recovers ~2 times more cells than the previous state-of-the-art method. Its low computational load allows routine detection of ~10,000 cells simultaneously with standard two-photon resonant-scanning microscopes. Recordings at this scale promise to reveal the fine structure of activity in large populations of neurons or large populations of subcellular structures such as synaptic boutons
The Vibration Ring
The vibration ring was conceived as a driveline damping device to prevent structure-borne noise in machines. It has the appearance of a metal ring, and can be installed between any two driveline components like an ordinary mechanical spacer. Damping is achieved using a ring-shaped piezoelectric stack that is poled in the axial direction and connected to an electrical shunt circuit. Surrounding the stack is a metal structure, called the compression cage, which squeezes the stack along its poled axis when excited by radial driveline forces. The stack in turn generates electrical energy, which is either dissipated or harvested using the shunt circuit. Removing energy from the system creates a net damping effect. The vibration ring is much stiffer than traditional damping devices, which allows it to be used in a driveline without disrupting normal operation. In phase 1 of this NASA Seedling Fund project, a combination of design and analysis was used to examine the feasibility of this concept. Several designs were evaluated using solid modeling, finite element analysis, and by creating prototype hardware. Then an analytical model representing the coupled electromechanical response was formulated in closed form. The model was exercised parametrically to examine the stiffness and loss factor spectra of the vibration ring, as well as simulate its damping effect in the context of a simplified driveline model. The results of this work showed that this is a viable mechanism for driveline damping, and provided several lessons for continued development
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