146 research outputs found
Nucleosynthesis Calculations for the Ejecta of Neutron Star Coalescences
We present the results of fully dynamical r-process network calculations for
the ejecta of neutron star mergers (NSMs). The late stages of the inspiral and
the final violent coalescence of a neutron star binary have been calculated in
detail using a 3D hydrodynamics code (Newtonian gravity plus backreaction
forces emerging from the emission of gravitational waves) and a realistic
nuclear equation of state. The found trajectories for the ejecta serve as input
for dynamical r-process calculations where all relevant nuclear reactions
(including beta-decays depositing nuclear energy in the expanding material) are
followed. We find that all the ejected material undergoes r-process. For an
initial Ye close to 0.1 the abundance distributions reproduce very accurately
the solar r-process pattern for nuclei with A above 130. For lighter nuclei
strongly underabundant (as compared to solar) distributions are encountered. We
show that this behaviour is consistent with the latest observations of very
old, metal-poor stars, despite simplistic arguments that have recently been
raised against the possibility of NSM as possible sources of Galactic r-process
material.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, proceedings of Nuclei in the Cosmos 2000, to be
published in Nucl. Phys. A; minor correctio
An Australian longitudinal pilot study examining health determinants of cardiac outcomes 12 months post percutaneous coronary intervention
Background
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a very common revascularisation procedure for coronary artery disease (CAD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate cardiac outcomes, health related quality of life (HRQoL), resilience and adherence behaviours in patients who have undergone a PCI at two time points (6 and 12 months) following their procedure.
Methods
A longitudinal pilot study was conducted to observe the cardiac outcomes across a cohort of patients who had undergone a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Participants who had undergone PCI 6 months prior were invited. Those participants who met the inclusion criteria and provided consent then completed a telephone survey (time point 1). These participants were then contacted 6 months later (i.e. 12 months post-intervention, time point 2) and the measures were repeated.
Results
All patients (n = 51) were recorded as being alive at time point 1. The multiple model indicated that controlling for other factors, gender was significantly associated with a linear combination of outcome measures (p = 0.004). The effect was moderate in magnitude (partial-η2 = 0.303), where males performed significantly better than females 6 months after the PCI procedure physically and with mood. Follow-up univariate ANOVAs indicated that gender differences were grounded in the scale measuring depression (PHQ9) (p = 0.005) and the physical component score of the short form measuring HRQoL (SF12-PCS) (p = 0.003). Thirteen patients were lost to follow-up between time points 1 and 2. One patient was confirmed to have passed away. The pattern of correlations between outcome measures at time point 2 revealed statistically significant negative correlation between the PHQ instrument and the resilience scale (CD-RISC) (r = -0.611; p < 0.001); and the physical component score of the SF-12 instrument (r = -0.437; p = 0.054).
Conclusions
Men were performing better than women in the 6 months post-PCI, particularly in the areas of mood (depression) and physical health. This pilot results indicate gender-sensitive practices are recommended particularly up to 6 months post-PCI. Any gender differences observed at 6 month appear to disappear at 12 months post-PCI. Further research into the management of mood particularly for women post-PCI is warranted. A more detailed inquiry related to access/attendance to secondary prevention is also warranted
COVID Feel Good—An Easy Self-Help Virtual Reality Protocol to Overcome the Psychological Burden of Coronavirus
Are coronary event rates declining slower in women than in men – evidence from two population-based myocardial infarction registers in Finland?
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Studies have suggested that the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease may not have been as effective in women as in men. Therefore, we aimed to examine whether the incidence, attack rate and mortality of myocardial infarction (MI) events have declined less in women than in men.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Two large population-based MI registers, the FINAMI register and the Finnish Cardiovascular Disease Register (CVDR) were used for comparing the event rates among men and women aged ≥35 years in two time periods, 1994–1996 and 2000–2002.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In the FINAMI register a total of 5,252 events were recorded in men and 4,898 in women. Corresponding numbers in the CVDR were 78,709 and 70,464. Both FINAMI and CVDR data suggested smaller declines in incidence and attack rate of MI events in women than in men. In CVDR data the decline in mortality was also smaller in women than in men, while in FINAMI data this difference did not reach statistical significance. In the large CVDR data set, negative binomial regression models revealed smaller declines in incidence (p = 0.006), attack rate (p = 0.008) and mortality (p = 0.04) in women than in men aged <55 years. In persons ≥55 years no difference was observed between women and men.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The incidence and attack rate of MI events have declined less in women aged <55 than in men of similar age. In older persons no significant differences were observed. Further studies are warranted to find out the reasons why the development has been less favourable for young women than for men.</p
Guidelines On Diabetes, Pre-Diabetes, And Cardiovascular Diseases: Executive Summary.The Task Force on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD).
Guidelines and Expert Consensus documents aim to present
management and recommendations based on all of the
relevant evidence on a particular subject in order to help
physicians to select the best possible management strategies
for the individual patient, suffering from a specific condition,
taking into account not only the impact on outcome, but also
the risk benefit ratio of a particular diagnostic or therapeutic
procedure. The ESC recommendations for guidelines
production can be found on the ESC website†.
In brief, the ESC appoints experts in the field to carry out a
comprehensive and critical evaluation of the use of diagnostic
and therapeutic procedures and to assess the risk–benefit ratio
of the therapies recommended for management and/or prevention
of a given condition. The strength of evidence for or
against particular procedures or treatments is weighed according
to predefined scales for grading recommendations and
levels of evidence, as outlined below. Once the document
has been finalized and approved by all the experts involved
in the Task Force, it is submitted to outside specialists for
review. If necessary, the document is revised once more to
be finally approved by the Committee for Practice Guidelines
and selected members of the Board of the ESC.
The ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG)
supervises and coordinates the preparation of new
Guidelines and Expert Consensus Documents produced by
Task Forces, expert groups, or consensus panels. The chosen
experts in these writing panels are asked to provide disclosure
statements of all relationships they may have, which
might be perceived as real or potential conflicts of interest.
These disclosure forms are kept on file at the European
Heart House, headquarters of the ESC. The Committee is
also responsible for the endorsement of these Guidelines
and Expert Consensus Documents or statements
Prevalence and risk factors for prolonged QT interval and QT dispersion in patients with type 2 diabetes
Effectiveness of group reminiscence for improving wellbeing of institutionalized elderly adults: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
The Reference Site Collaborative Network of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing
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