Tekstowe wykładniki kategorii rodzaju rzeczowników nieodmiennych w języku rosyjskim

The author of the article tackles the issue of noun borrowings in the Russian language. Most of them are uninflected, but in syntagmatic systems they create linguistic structures with inflected words that possess the gender category. Therefore, noun borrowings have to possess the quality of gender. As far as gender is concerned, the rules for classifying these nouns have been regularized, but the use of new borrowings reveals some instabilities of these regulations. These instabilities result from the influence of a main clause or from the lack of acquisition of a new borrowing in the system

Koncept BLISKOŚĆ we frazeologii języka polskiego i rosyjskiego

The subject of research constitutes Polish and Russian phraseological units realizing the concept of BLISKOŚĆ (CLOSENESS). The author provides a linguo-cultural characteristic of the very concept and means of its objectivisation in both languages compared. The problem of a subjective evaluation appears in almost each unit under analysis. The analysis is not based on qualitative expressions, but an intuitive distance evaluation. The concept of BLISKOŚĆ (CLOSENESS) in Russian is given a bigger distance than in Polish as the perception of distance specific to Russian and Poland differs

Apelatywizacja nazwisk obcego pochodzenia w języku polskim i rosyjskim

"Apelatywizacja nazw własnych, czyli proces przechodzenia nazw własnych w pospolite, była już przedmiotem wielu opracowań. Bogatą bibliografię tego zagadnienia zawiera monografia K. Długosz-Kurczabowej1, a swoistym podsumowaniem tych badań jest słownik eponimów W. Kopalińskiego1 2. Jak zgodnie twierdzą wszyscy autorzy zajmujący się tym problemem, apelatywizacja odbywa się głównie w dwóch klasach wyrazów: nazwy geograficzne i nazwy osobowe." (fragm.

Konflikty zbrojne a mentalność narodowa Polaków i Rosjan

The work presents research findings of the border studies concerning linguistic worldview and national stereotypes, based on Polish and Russian maxims, both of which illustrate, characteristic for the nations in question, ways of perceiving reality. Special attention was paid to the issues of victories and defeats inscribed in the scenario of an armed conflict. For a simple reason that a victory has a direct influence on the feeling of national pride, which triggers the grow of belief about one’s country power. The research findings allow to conclude that victories are expressed in Russian linguistic tradition to a higher degree, which results from both: historical events and a peculiar custom to savour defeating of the enemy

Anioł stróż/ангел-хранитель w polskim i rosyjskim językowym obrazie świata

The article is devoted to the perception of the guardian angel – a creature existing in the linguistic awareness of Poles and Russians. Due to a number of functions, the content of the collocation of “guardian angel” evolves. The purpose of the research is to compare the linguistic picture of guardian angel from both the traditional and contemporary perspectives. The analysis is based on the description and commentary concerning sample usages of selected lexemes in sentences. The research material has been excerpted from dictionaries and national corpora of both languages. Findings of the conducted analyses indicate a significant similarity in the perception of the idea of guardian angel in the Polish and Russian image of the world. Limits of metaphorisation determine possibilities of modifying the content of the lexemes; thus, they are considered open and broad

Kategoria intensywności we frazeologii języka polskiego i rosyjskiego

The work is devoted to one of the semantic categories, and investigation of its projection in phraseological units in the Polish and Russian language. The analysis conducted concerns an attempt to indicate types and means of reflecting intensity in the polarized semantic space, limited by antonymic pairs of adjectives naming a given feature. Some of the points of a created semantic space take on their own verbalization on the linguistic level. Their greatest density, which is proved by the semantics of intensity, takes place near polar points. The semantic features in focus can be added by means of units of different language levels, phraseologisms included. The material analysed derives from lexicographic sources: phraseological, explanatory and comparative dictionaries. The notion of phraseology is understood here in broad terms, that is, it takes into account stable comparative constructions, collocations, and probably a series of compounds not fully or partially phraseologised. Adjectives correspond to given notions and form linguistic units naming certain features, in the areas (categories) of “space”, “time”, “speed", “quantity”, “power”, “sensibility”, “state”, and “assessment”. Intensity refers to the quantitative value which affects units referring to physical characteristics. It is much more difficult to find it in the units to which quantitative value is ascribed. In the analysis of phraseologisms the author uses an onomasiologic approach (from the notion to the name) because it is the actual reality and phenomena taking place in it, by means of their denotations, that have an influence on the meaningful content of linguistic units. The research method constituted the principle of comparing units which possess a lower level of intensity with the ones characterized by a bigger intensity, such as ładna jak lalka -*■ piękna jak lalka', cienki jak włos -» cienki jak włosek, cienki jak włosek -* cieniutki jak włosek, jasne jak słońce -* jasne jak słońce na niebie, etc. The very method allows for both the establishment of the same intensity in JF. and the identification of its degree. The mechanism of intensity increases functions in linguistic units of different levels, but its investigation has never been the subject of analysis in the literature

Wyrazy obcego pochodzenia w tekście (na materiale języka rosyjskiego i polskiego)

System leksykalny każdego języka wzbogaca się o elementy obcego pochodzenia. Proces ten dotyczy wszystkich języków słowiańskich, w tym również języka rosyjskiego. Uzupełnianie zapasu słownictwa wyrazami pochodzenia obcego ma charakter stały, choć proces ten przybiera na sile i intensywności w ciągu ostatnich piętnastu lat. Zjawisko pozyskiwania zapożyczeń spowodowane jest czynnikami pozajęzykowymi: szybkością przepływu informacji, pojawianiem się nowych realiów, zacieśnianiem kontaktów między narodami, a więc i między językami - czyli szeroko pojętą internacjonalizacją. Przenikanie elementów obcych dotyczy różnych części mowy, ale chyba najbardziej zauważalne jest wśród rzeczowników. W niniejszym artykule pewnej modyfikacji uległo pojęcie „rzeczownik nieodmienny”, ponieważ uwzględnione zostały tu niektóre zapożyczenia o statusie rzeczowników rodzaju męskiego pozbawione form fleksyjnych, np. в прайм-тайм. Prawdopodobnie nie zostały one jeszcze całkowicie włączone do paradygmatu odmiany. Innym zjawiskiem zasługującym na uwagę jest zmiana pozycji w zdaniu niektórych wyrazów obcego pochodzenia. Szereg zaprezentowanych zjawisk odnosi się do mowy, ponieważ nie zdążyły one jeszcze utrwalić się w systemie języka

Peryfrazy w środkach masowego przekazu : (na materiale prasy polskiej i rosyjskiej)

Celem artykułu jest prześledzenie mechanizmu tworzenia peryfrazy, zmian zachodzących w jej strukturze i funkcji w tekście

Potoczne przekonania na temat starzenia się w świetle badań psychologicznych

Colloquial convictions concerning individual aging in the light of psychological studies Sterotypes concerning older people touch upon many aspects of their life. The article describes and undermines myths about the process of aging, among others, concerning the stress of old age, low satisfaction of the life of older people, views disregarding and stigmatizing the sexuality of seniors and the stereotype of the different experiencing of getting old in various cultures. Due to the phenomenon of the growth of the population of older people, important seems the forming in society of the right picture of old age and changes taking place in this period of life. This could effect the rarer using of myths about old people, usually hurtful and inadequate, and also the decreasing of the fear of the natural occurrence of old age and personal aging

Personality Traits and Subjective Health in Retirement Age – The Role of Personal Resources

The aim of the study was to analyse the relationship between fi ve-factor personality traits and subjective health in retirement age, including the mediating role of personal resources. The sample comprised of 240 older adults approaching or of retirement age; aged 55-70 (M = 60.1 years). Subjective health was negatively associated with neuroticism and positively associated with extraversion and openness to experiences. Multiple mediation analyses indicated that personal resources (especially the sense of meaningfulness) mediated most of the analyzed associations between personality and subjective health. For conscientiousness suppressive effects were found