44 research outputs found
Tekstowe wykładniki kategorii rodzaju rzeczowników nieodmiennych w języku rosyjskim
The author of the article tackles the issue of noun borrowings in the Russian language. Most of them are uninflected, but in syntagmatic systems they create linguistic structures with inflected words that possess the gender category. Therefore, noun borrowings have to possess the quality of gender. As far as gender is concerned, the rules for classifying these nouns have been regularized, but the use of new borrowings reveals some instabilities of these regulations. These instabilities result from the influence of a main clause or
from the lack of acquisition of a new borrowing in the system
Koncept BLISKOŚĆ we frazeologii języka polskiego i rosyjskiego
The subject of research constitutes Polish and Russian phraseological units realizing the
concept of BLISKOŚĆ (CLOSENESS). The author provides a linguo-cultural characteristic
of the very concept and means of its objectivisation in both languages compared. The problem
of a subjective evaluation appears in almost each unit under analysis. The analysis is
not based on qualitative expressions, but an intuitive distance evaluation. The concept of BLISKOŚĆ
(CLOSENESS) in Russian is given a bigger distance than in Polish as the perception
of distance specific to Russian and Poland differs
Apelatywizacja nazwisk obcego pochodzenia w języku polskim i rosyjskim
"Apelatywizacja nazw własnych, czyli proces przechodzenia nazw własnych
w pospolite, była już przedmiotem wielu opracowań. Bogatą bibliografię tego
zagadnienia zawiera monografia K. Długosz-Kurczabowej1, a swoistym podsumowaniem
tych badań jest słownik eponimów W. Kopalińskiego1 2. Jak zgodnie
twierdzą wszyscy autorzy zajmujący się tym problemem, apelatywizacja odbywa
się głównie w dwóch klasach wyrazów: nazwy geograficzne i nazwy osobowe." (fragm.
Konflikty zbrojne a mentalność narodowa Polaków i Rosjan
The work presents research findings of the border studies concerning linguistic worldview and
national stereotypes, based on Polish and Russian maxims, both of which illustrate, characteristic for
the nations in question, ways of perceiving reality. Special attention was paid to the issues of victories
and defeats inscribed in the scenario of an armed conflict. For a simple reason that a victory has a direct
influence on the feeling of national pride, which triggers the grow of belief about one’s country power.
The research findings allow to conclude that victories are expressed in Russian linguistic tradition
to a higher degree, which results from both: historical events and a peculiar custom to savour defeating
of the enemy
Anioł stróż/ангел-хранитель w polskim i rosyjskim językowym obrazie świata
The article is devoted to the perception of the guardian angel – a creature existing in
the linguistic awareness of Poles and Russians. Due to a number of functions, the content of
the collocation of “guardian angel” evolves. The purpose of the research is to compare the
linguistic picture of guardian angel from both the traditional and contemporary perspectives.
The analysis is based on the description and commentary concerning sample usages of
selected lexemes in sentences. The research material has been excerpted from dictionaries and
national corpora of both languages. Findings of the conducted analyses indicate a significant
similarity in the perception of the idea of guardian angel in the Polish and Russian image
of the world. Limits of metaphorisation determine possibilities of modifying the content
of the lexemes; thus, they are considered open and broad
Kategoria intensywności we frazeologii języka polskiego i rosyjskiego
The work is devoted to one of the semantic categories, and investigation of its projection in
phraseological units in the Polish and Russian language. The analysis conducted concerns an attempt
to indicate types and means of reflecting intensity in the polarized semantic space, limited
by antonymic pairs of adjectives naming a given feature. Some of the points of a created semantic
space take on their own verbalization on the linguistic level. Their greatest density, which is
proved by the semantics of intensity, takes place near polar points. The semantic features in focus
can be added by means of units of different language levels, phraseologisms included.
The material analysed derives from lexicographic sources: phraseological, explanatory and
comparative dictionaries. The notion of phraseology is understood here in broad terms, that is, it
takes into account stable comparative constructions, collocations, and probably a series of compounds
not fully or partially phraseologised.
Adjectives correspond to given notions and form linguistic units naming certain features, in
the areas (categories) of “space”, “time”, “speed", “quantity”, “power”, “sensibility”, “state”, and
“assessment”. Intensity refers to the quantitative value which affects units referring to physical
characteristics. It is much more difficult to find it in the units to which quantitative value is ascribed.
In the analysis of phraseologisms the author uses an onomasiologic approach (from the
notion to the name) because it is the actual reality and phenomena taking place in it, by means of
their denotations, that have an influence on the meaningful content of linguistic units.
The research method constituted the principle of comparing units which possess a lower level
of intensity with the ones characterized by a bigger intensity, such as ładna jak lalka -*■ piękna
jak lalka', cienki jak włos -» cienki jak włosek, cienki jak włosek -* cieniutki jak włosek, jasne jak
słońce -* jasne jak słońce na niebie, etc. The very method allows for both the establishment of
the same intensity in JF. and the identification of its degree. The mechanism of intensity increases
functions in linguistic units of different levels, but its investigation has never been the subject of
analysis in the literature
Wyrazy obcego pochodzenia w tekście (na materiale języka rosyjskiego i polskiego)
System leksykalny każdego języka wzbogaca się o elementy obcego
pochodzenia. Proces ten dotyczy wszystkich języków słowiańskich, w tym
również języka rosyjskiego. Uzupełnianie zapasu słownictwa wyrazami pochodzenia
obcego ma charakter stały, choć proces ten przybiera na sile
i intensywności w ciągu ostatnich piętnastu lat. Zjawisko pozyskiwania
zapożyczeń spowodowane jest czynnikami pozajęzykowymi: szybkością przepływu
informacji, pojawianiem się nowych realiów, zacieśnianiem kontaktów
między narodami, a więc i między językami - czyli szeroko pojętą internacjonalizacją.
Przenikanie elementów obcych dotyczy różnych części mowy, ale chyba najbardziej zauważalne jest wśród rzeczowników. W niniejszym artykule pewnej modyfikacji uległo pojęcie „rzeczownik nieodmienny”,
ponieważ uwzględnione zostały tu niektóre zapożyczenia o statusie
rzeczowników rodzaju męskiego pozbawione form fleksyjnych, np.
в прайм-тайм. Prawdopodobnie nie zostały one jeszcze całkowicie włączone
do paradygmatu odmiany. Innym zjawiskiem zasługującym na uwagę jest
zmiana pozycji w zdaniu niektórych wyrazów obcego pochodzenia. Szereg zaprezentowanych zjawisk odnosi się do mowy, ponieważ nie zdążyły one jeszcze utrwalić się w systemie języka
Peryfrazy w środkach masowego przekazu : (na materiale prasy polskiej i rosyjskiej)
Celem artykułu jest prześledzenie mechanizmu tworzenia peryfrazy, zmian zachodzących w jej strukturze
i funkcji w tekście
Potoczne przekonania na temat starzenia się w świetle badań psychologicznych
Colloquial convictions concerning individual aging in the light of psychological studies
Sterotypes concerning older people touch upon many aspects of their life. The article describes and undermines myths about the process of aging, among others, concerning the stress of old age, low satisfaction of the life of older people, views disregarding and stigmatizing the sexuality of seniors and the stereotype of the different experiencing of getting old in various cultures. Due to the phenomenon of the growth of the population of older people, important seems the forming in society of the right picture of old age and changes taking place in this period of life. This could effect the rarer using of myths about old people, usually hurtful and inadequate, and also the decreasing of the fear of the natural occurrence of old age and personal aging
Personality Traits and Subjective Health in Retirement Age – The Role of Personal Resources
The aim of the study was to analyse the relationship between fi ve-factor personality traits and subjective health in
retirement age, including the mediating role of personal resources. The sample comprised of 240 older adults approaching
or of retirement age; aged 55-70 (M = 60.1 years). Subjective health was negatively associated with neuroticism and
positively associated with extraversion and openness to experiences. Multiple mediation analyses indicated that personal
resources (especially the sense of meaningfulness) mediated most of the analyzed associations between personality and
subjective health. For conscientiousness suppressive effects were found