Effects of Workplace Characteristics on Work-Life Balance of Women in Nigerian Public Sector

The number of women working outside home setting is on the increase in Nigeria. This is due to changes in their roles as helpers and even breadwinners in some instances. But, this has not removed their traditional roles of being the home keepers.Women are in charge of home management and they are expected to use the available resources effectively to cater for the family. However, theses are often clash with working conditions such as heavy workloads, lack of participation in decisionmaking,health and safety hazards, job insecurity, and tight deadlines. This often leads to work-life conflict. Work-life conflict occurs when the cumulative demands of work and non-work life roles are incompatible in some respect so that participation in one role is made more difficult by participation in the other role. This study, therefore, examined the impacts of workplace characteristics on work-life balance of women in the Nigerian Public Sector. A total of 886 women were randomly selected from three states in south west Nigeria-Lagos, Ogun and Oyo states. These participants were selected from three federal and state ministries- education, health and information. The finding of this study reveals that there is a significant difference in work-life balance of women with supportive and unsupportive bosses in the Nigerian public sector at t=21.56, df =884 and <0.05 significant level. A significant difference in work-life balance of women working in departments where overtime is required and those working where it does not required at t=18.24, df =884 and <0.05 significant level was equally found. It was concluded that many women are having work-life conflict which are caused by unsupportive bosses and other hostile working environments. It was recommended the on-going public service reforms in Nigeria should consider the welfare of women and make available work-life policies which include flexible work scheduling, family leave policies allowing periods away from work for employees to take care of family matters, and childcare assistance

Effects of Age and Work Experience on Job Satisfaction of Primary School Teachers: Implications for Career Counselling

This descriptive survey investigated the influence of age and working experience on job satisfaction of primary school teachers. The participants (n=238) were primary school teachers randomly selected from public and private schools in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. An adapted version of Bellingham (2004) job satisfaction survey with reliability index of .96 was employed to generate data from the participants. Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficient and t-test statistics were used to analyse the three hypotheses set to channel the study. The results obtained indicated that there were significant positive relationship between age and work experience and job satisfaction (r =.312; .229) and that significant difference existed between teachers with less and above five years of working experience (t = -2.68,

Job Satisfaction Status of Primary School Teachers in Ota,Nigeria

This descriptive survey study investigated the current job satisfaction level of primary school teachers. Two hundred and thirty-eight teachers (males 95 and females 143) randomly selected from twenty primary schools from public and private schools in Ota, Ogun State participated in the survey. An adapted version of Job Satisfaction Survey by Bellingham (2004) was employed for data generation. Data collected were analyzed using simple percentage, one way analysis of variance, and t-test-statistic. The results of the two research questions and two research hypotheses indicated that greater percentage of teachers (52.9%) were very satisfied with their job while it is also evident that female teachers were very happy with their job than male teachers. Further analysis showed that no significant difference existed on gender basis while there were significant differences on educational qualification and age groups. Consequent upon these findings it is imperative for proprietors of schools to ensure that teachers are not dissatisfied with their job through their inability to consistently provide enabling environmen

Modelling Negative Binomial as a substitute model to Poisson for raters agreement on ordinal scales with sparse data

The Poisson distribution has been widely used for modelling rater agreement using loglinear models. Mostly in all life or social science researches, subjects are being classified into categories by rater, interviewers or observers and most of these tables indicate that the cell counts are mixtures of either too big values and two small values or zeroes which are sparse data. We refer to sparse as a situation when a large number of cell frequencies are very small. For these kinds of tables, there are tendencies for overdispersion in which the variance of the outcome or response exceeds the nominal variance, that is, when the response is greater than it should be under the given model or the true variance is bigger than the mean. In these types of situations assuming Poisson models means we are imposing the mean-variance equality restriction on the estimation. This implies that we will effectively be requiring the variance to be less than it really is, and also, as a result, we will underestimate the true variability in the data. Lastly, this will lead us to underestimating the standard errors, and so to overestimating the degree of precision in the coefficients. The Negative Binomial, which has a variance function, would be better for modelling rater agreement with sparse data in the table in order to allow the spread of the observations or counts. We observed that assuming Negative Binomial as the underline sampling plan is better for modelling rater agreement when there are sparse data in a limited number of example

Self-reported Psychosexual lifestyles of University Students in South-Western Nigeria: Implication for Professional Counselling

Human sexuality is generally described as the sum total of manner through which people experience and articulate their sexual sensation. It encompasses physiological make-up as well as socio-cultural, psychological and spiritual aspects of life.Considerable researches have been conducted on human sexuality among university students but this paper measures twelve psychosexual constructs among six hundred and eight university students (376 males and 232 females) randomly selected from three universities in South-western, Nigeria. Snell (1997) Multidimensional Sexuality Questionnaire (MSQ), consisting of 12 different psychological constructs related to sexual relationships was used to gather data. One research question and one research hypothesis guided the study. Descriptive statistics of frequency count, mean and t-test statistic were employed to analyze the data. The findings indicated that the participants reported higher mean score of 18.37 for psychosexual constructs of sexual esteem and the lowest mean rating of 10.76 for sexual depression,. Further analysis showed that there were no significant differences on sexual esteem and depression of the participants on gender basis. It is recommended that counsellors should broaden sexual recovery psychotherapeutic intervention programmes that will further enhance psychosexual lifestyles of university student

A review of agreement measure as a subset of association measure between raters

Agreement can be regarded as a special case of association and not the other way round. Virtually in all life or social science researches, subjects are being classified into categories by raters, interviewers or observers and both association and agreement measures can be obtained from the results of this researchers. The distinction between association and agreement for a given data is that, for two responses to be perfectly associated we require that we can predict the category of one response from the category of the other response, while for two response to agree, they must fall into the identical category. Which hence mean, once there is agreement between the two responses, association has already exist, however, strong association may exist between the two responses without any strong agreement. Many approaches have been proposed by various authors for measuring each of these measures. In this work, we present some up till date development on these measures statistics

AN ANALYSIS OF HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH- CASE STUDY, NIGERIA

In order to address the direction of causality between human capital and productivity growth in Nigeria, the study first investigated the pattern of productivity growth in Nigeria between 1970 and 2010. Following the endogenous growth model, which argued that technical progress, through an effective labor force, could lead to long-run growth which can be determined from within an economy; but it actually depends on the efficiency with which resources available to such an economy are utilized. This is against the exogenous growth model which emphasized that long-run growth can be attained by some unexplained technological progress, which is exogenous to any economy. Based on this controversy in literature, this study empirically determined the productivity growth in Nigeria, as well as the causal relation between human capital development and productivity growth in Nigeria using the Engle-Granger causality test. The results revealed that productivity growth has been very low and unstable in Nigeria as it oscillated between -1.5% and 0.6%. In addition, the nexus between human capital and productivity growth was examined. The findings revealed that while productivity growth caused human capital development, human capital development did not cause productivity growth

Conditional symmetry model as a better alternative to Symmetry Model for rater agreement measure

In almost all life or social science researches, subjects are classified into categories by raters, interviewers or observers. Many approaches have been proposed by various authors for analyzing the data or the results obtained from these raters. Symmetry and conditional symmetry models are models designed for square tables like the one arising from the raters results. Conditional symmetry model which possessed an extra parameter for the off-diagonal cells is a special case to symmetry. In this research work, we examined the effect of the extra parameter introduced by conditional symmetry model over that of symmetry on structure of agreement as well as their fittings. Generalized linear model (GLM) approach was used to model the loglinear model forms of these models with empirical examples. We observed that conditional symmetry based on it extra parameter gave a tremendous improvement to the significant level of the test statistics over that of its symmetry model counterpart, hence conditional symmetry model is better for raters agreement modelling which require symmetric table

Forms of Academic Cheating During Examination among Students with Hearing Impairment in Nigeria: Implication for Counselling Practice

The pervasiveness of cheating on internal and external examinations among the Nigerian students led to this study. One hundred and forty-four students with hearing impairment purposively selected from Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo,Nigeria participated in the study. Five research questions were pose and tested for the study. A researcher-designed questionnaire titled 'Forms of Academic Cheating during Exam in Institutions of Learning' was used to generate data. Frequency count, percentage, rank-order and chi-square were employed to test the research questions. The findings of the study indicated that all the participants have cheated in the past exams with 53.44% having cheated twice. Signing the correct answers t

Prospects of telemedicine during and post COVID-19: highlighting the environmental health implications

The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in late 2019 had severe implications on the normal course of events across the globe. The imposition of lockdown, quarantine, and isolation measures by most countries to curtail the spread of the coronavirus led to the rapid development of information, communication, and technological (ICT) solutions to minimize the effect of the lockdown, and as an alternative to normal day-to-day physical interactions. Telemedicine involves the delivery of health care services by qualified health professionals using ICT for the exchange of valid information where distance is a critical factor, thus enhancing access to health care services. The use of ICT as a tool to improve access to health care services and for tackling the raging pandemic was one of the options embraced and considered by many countries. Indeed, there are indications that the use of telemedicine as a complementary option to current traditional medical practice will continue in the post-COVID period. The shift to telemedicine has severe health and environmental health implications and should be done with caution. Poor management of generated electronic waste was found to be responsible for environmental pollution and health hazards affecting major organs of the human body. Countries, especially those in the developing world, lack infrastructure for effective implementation of policies required to appropriately manage electronic waste. Therefore, it is highly imperative that adequate measures are put in place to mitigate the potential hazardous effects of the shift to telemedicine