How to provide automated feedback helping students with negative semantic transfer when learning a second programming language

Earlier studies have shown that when students see matching syntax across programming languages, they believe the semantics will match. Typically this is true, but occasionally the syntax between two languages is similar while the semantics are different. Given that the syntax in Java is correct, the code will compile with no warnings, and the cause of the error can take a longer time to find and be harder to correct. This thesis collects six semantic errors in Java with no preexisting error message that might be problematic for a student when transferring from Python to Java. We aim to find out if the errors are a problem for the students and uncover that current environments lack feedback we believe is beneficial for novice Java students. We develop a tool, Uncoil, to detect the errors and provide an error message to fill this gap. Seven novice students in Java with previous Python knowledge tried to solve the errors and evaluated Uncoil in a mixed method study. Our results indicate that novice Java students need help with some of the errors earlier in the semester but do not transfer the semantics from Python to Java later in the semester. At the time of the study, few students needed Uncoil to solve the errors, but especially the weaker students found it helpful.Masteroppgave i Programutvikling samarbeid med HVLPROG399MAMN-PRO

The effect of microplastic on natural transformation and biofilm formation using Acinetobacter baylyi as a model organism

Microplastic pollution is a big and rapidly increasing environmental problem in the world. Although the direct effects of microplastic pollution are well-studied the indirect effects are hardly investigated, especially in the context of spreading antibiotic resistance genes. Antibiotic resistance is a natural phenomenon, but the misuse and overuse of antibiotics has led to a rapid development and spread globally, and the result is that antibiotics become ineffective, and infections become more difficult or almost impossible to treat. Antibiotic resistance is now considered as one of the biggest threats to global health, and therefore it is necessary and highly important to investigate and evaluate the impact of microplastics in the aquatic environment. The major aim of this study was to evaluate how the presence of microplastics affects the potential for DNA uptake via natural transformation in the naturally competent bacteria Acinetobacter baylyi, to obtain a better understanding of horizontal gene transfer of antibiotic resistant genes within microplastic-associated communities in the aquatic environment. One important subgoal was to evaluate how DNA uptake via transformation in A. baylyi can be affected by the presence of different concentrations of microplastic polymers, including high density polystyrene (HDPS), high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride A (PVC A), and polyvinyl chloride B (PVC B). The results obtained in this study revealed that the transformation frequency alters in the presence and absence of different concentrations of polymers. The results indicate small effects, but the trend is clear; the DNA uptake is most efficient in the presence of PP and PVC B. Additional analysis of natural transformation of A. baylyi biofilms grown on microplastics for 96 h, showed that natural transformation on PP was most efficient. The effect of weathering processes on the virgin microplastic surface morphology revealed that weathering processes changes the surface, with an increase in surface roughness, pores and cracks. The early biofilm formation of A. baylyi on the different polymers were found to differ and revealed that most biofilm formation was found on the polymers PVC A, PVC B and PP. Scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed that the bacterial colonization of A. baylyi started in the formed cracks and wells before colonizing smooth surfaces. The results provide new insight into evaluating the risks caused by plastic wastes in the environment, and this study is laying the foundation for further investigations of the interactions between microplastics associated with antibiotic resistant bacteria

Rett virksomhet på rett sted

Virksomheters transportskapende egenskape

Bulwark and balancing act: The Strategic Role of the Royal Norwegian Navy

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The battle that never was. The Cold War in Northern Waters

A quick introduction to The Cold War in Northern Waters. Presented at RSIS-IFS Workshop on: “Navies, Coast Guards, the Maritime Community and International Stability” 16th of November 2016

Hvordan oppnå markedsmakt i Personal Health Record-bransjen : bransjeutvikling i grenselandet mellom stat og det private næringslivet

I denne oppgaven har vi sett på utviklingen av bransjer innenfor elektronisk utveksling av helseinformasjon. Dette er relativt nye bransjer som har det interessante ved seg at de ligger i grenselandet mellom det offentlige og private næringsliv. Vi har i denne oppgaven mer spesifikt fokusert en bransje som ikke er direkte knyttet til helsevesenet, men fokuserer på individets rett til å ha kontroll på sin egen helseinformasjon, den såkalte Personal Health Record- bransjen (PHR- bransjen). I de siste årene har PHR- bransjen fått stor oppmerksomhet verden over og da spesielt i USA, og mange mener at dette kan bli en av de største nye bransjene i tiden fremover. Det som har medført at en denne bransjen har blitt interessant, er at helsesektorene verden over ikke fullt ut har dratt nytte av den raske utviklingen som har skjedd ellers i samfunnet når det gjelder bruk av ny teknologi. Dette gjelder både i forhold til informasjonsflyt og informasjonskontroll, og da i første rekke gjennom nye medier som mobil, Internett og nyere intelligente systemer. I denne oppgaven har vi sett på hvordan dagens teorier kan benyttes i forhold til denne nye bransjen, og videre hvordan disse teoriene kan videreutvikles for å forstå bransjen bedre. Mer konkret har vi vurdert utviklingen i forhold til en dominant design i bransjen, og i den forbindelse hvordan aktører i bransjen kan påvirke at deres løsning enten blir den dominante designen eller i alle fall er kompatibel med det. I tillegg har vi valgt å inkorporere Michael E. Porter(1980) sin femfaktormodell i et annet analyseverktøy for å beskrive utviklingen mot fastsettelsen av en dominant design. Vi har imidlertid vært nødt til å foreta noen modifikasjoner for at Porters femfaktormodell skal passe til denne bransjen. Samlet sett mener vi at denne gjennomgangen av teoretiske modeller i forhold til PHRbransjen vil gi aktørene mulighet til å kunne analysere markedet og med det bedre posisjonere seg for å oppnå markedsmakt

The effects of Airbnb on hotels in Norway

acceptedVersio

A brief essay on digital transformation and Supplemental Instruction (SI)

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Suboptimal Weight Loss and Weight Regain after Gastric Bypass Surgery—Postoperative Status of Energy Intake, Eating Behavior, Physical Activity, and Psychometrics

BACKGROUND: Suboptimal weight loss (SWL) and weight regain (WR) after gastric bypass surgery (GB) remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compare GB patients experiencing SWL or significant WR (SigWR) with successful controls, regarding postoperative food intake, eating behavior, physical activity (PA), and psychometrics. METHODS: Forty-nine patients with >1 year post-surgery were classified as either experiencing SWL (excess body weight loss, EWL, <50%, n = 22) or SigWR (total weight regain ≥15%, n = 38), with respective control groups. Energy intake (EI) was measured with a Food Frequency Questionnaire, eating behavior using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, and PA using both SenseWear Armbands and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Eating disorders, depression, and quality of life (QoL) were measured using the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory II, and Impact of Weight on Quality of Life, respectively. RESULTS: EI, macronutrient distribution, and meal frequency were similar among groups. However, disinhibited eating behavior score was higher, while most subcategories from IWQOL were significantly lower in both SWL and SigWR groups compared with their respective controls. PA was significantly lower in the SWL and SigWR groups compared with the respective controls. There were no differences between groups regarding depression. CONCLUSIONS: Lower PA levels, disordered eating behavior and lower QoL are associated with unsuccessful weigh loss outcome after GB surgery. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the potential causal relationship between the previously described variables and SWL/SigWR after GB