Translation of Time-Reversal Violation in the Neutral K-Meson System into a Table-Top Mechanical System

Weak interactions break time-reversal (T) symmetry in the two-state system of neutral K mesons. We present and discuss a two-state mechanical system, a Foucault-type pendulum on a rotating table, for a full representation of K0 K0bar transitions by the pendulum motions including T violation. The pendulum moves with two different oscillation frequencies and two different magnetic dampings. Its equation of motion is identical with the differential equation for the real part of the CPT-symmetric K-meson wave function. The pendulum is able to represent microscopic CP and T violation with CPT symmetry owing to the macroscopic Coriolis force which breaks the symmetry under reversal-of-motion. Video clips of the pendulum motions are shown as supplementary material.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, 1 external url with video clip

Chancengleichheit und Gender Mainstreaming im regionalen Diskurs – Beteiligung und Kooperation in regionalen Planungsprozessen

EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES AND GENDER MAINSTREAMING IN THE „REGIONAL DISCOURSE” PARTICIPATION AND COOPERATION IN REGIONAL PLANNING PROCESSES After 40 years the Regionalverband Ruhr (RVR) is again in charge and responsible for the Regional Planning in the Metropole Ruhr (Germany) since 2009. At the moment, based on 5 existing Regional Plans, the Regionalplan Ruhr is drawn up. For that reason the so called Regional Discourse was initiated along the lines of “Heading for the Future of Metropole Ruhr” implementing a multitude of participation. Equal opportunities and gender mainstreaming – not simply based on legal requirements – provide substantial elements and cross-cutting issues, which should (hopefully) be considered in all topics of spatial planning. Their implementation takes place on three different levels: Level of structure, level of processing and level of content. The intends the establishment in the law of the Regionalverband Ruhr (RVRG), especially concerning the aspects of organisation and personnel development. Concerning the the aspects of equal opportunities and gender mainstreaming are integrated in all forms of operations and participation from the very beginning. Mainly this success is based on intensive and critical support of the “Women´s network Ruhr-area” (founded in 2009) and their qualified comments and statements. Special events and (Future)panels provided intensive discussions on challenges, needs and expectations from the standpoint of the gender perspective. The competition “1000 Ruhr-ideas” was realized including the local press thus including a wide range of the area´s population. On the insights and concrete results of the above described forms of participation should be included in the Regionalplan Ruhr (as formal result of the Regional Discourse) and a strategic volume (as informal result of the Regional Discourse)

L(i)ebenswerte Quartiere – Wohnportraits als Beitrag zur smarten Planung?!

Bei aller Kritik an punktuellen Bürgerbeteiligungsverfahren mangelt es in der derzeitigen Debatte an langfristigen kreativen Lösungen für die Planung. Das folgende Praxisbeispiel widmet sich positiven Erfahrungen mit Selbstportraits zum Thema „Wohnen“ bei der Leitbildgestaltung der Metropole Ruhr. Eingebunden in die allgemeinere fachtheoretische Diskussion verfolgen die Verfasserinnen die stärkere Einbindung von Laien in den Planungsdiskurs, um sie intensiver an quartiersbezogenen Entscheidungen zu beteiligen. Der Fokus des Artikels liegt auf einem geeigneten Partizipationsverfahrenk, die das Empowerment von Bürgerinnen und Bürgern als Herausforderung der kommunalen Planung begreift

From metastable to stable modifications-in situ Laue diffraction investigation of diffusion processes during the phase transitions of (GeTe)(n)Sb2Te3 (6 < n < 15) crystals.

Temperature dependent phase transitions of compounds (GeTe)nSb2Te3 (n = 6, 12, 15) have been investigated by in situ microfocus Laue diffraction. Diffusion processes involving cation defect ordering at B300 8C lead to different nanostructures which are correlated to changes of the thermoelectric characteristics

Die Interaktion zwischen p53 und p73 als molekulare Zielstruktur in der Tumortherapie

TP53 ist das in humanen Malignomen am häufigsten mutierte Tumorsuppressorgen (Kandoth et al. 2013). Mutationen des TP53-Gens führen meistens zur Expression von mutierten p53-Proteinen voller Länge, die neben einem Funktionsverlust durch onkogenes Potential charakterisiert sind (Oren & Rotter 2010). Dieses Potential wird unter anderem durch die Interaktion von MUTp53 mit dem Tumorsuppressor TAp73 vermittelt (Como et al. 1999). In Übereinstimmung mit der etablierten Datenlage wurde hier demonstriert, dass mutierte p53-Proteine das Transkriptionspotential von WTp53 und TAp73 hemmen. Durch die Substanz RETRA wird die Interaktion von TAp73 mit MUTp53 aufgehoben und TAp73 transkriptionell reaktiviert (Kravchenko et al. 2008). Bestätigend wurde in dieser Arbeit das durch strukturstabile und strukturinstabile p53-Mutanten gehemmte Transkriptionspotential von TAp73 durch RETRA wiederhergestellt. Darüber hinaus erhöhte RETRA das Transkriptionspotential von TAp73. Ob hierbei ein spezifischer Effekt von RETRA auf die Struktur des C-Terminus oder die transkriptionsinhibitorische Domäne von TAp73 ursächlich ist, bleibt zu klären. In der Behandlung einer heterogenen Auswahl von Tumorzelllinien mit RETRA wurden zum Teil ausgeprägte zytotoxische Effekte beobachtet. Die retrospektive Mutations- und Korrelationsanalyse der Ergebnisse ergab zunächst, dass die gemessene Zytotoxizität unabhängig von p53-Mutationsstatus und verschiedenen strukturbiologischen Eigenschaften von p53 war, die die Interaktion mit TAp73 beeinflussen. Die Auswirkungen von RETRA in den behandelten Tumorzelllinien waren dabei auch nicht von der mRNA-Expression der p73-Isoformen TAp73 und dNp73 abhängig. Dieses Ergebnis ist jedoch wegen der heterogenen Zusammensetzung des behandelten Zelllinienpanels und der begrenzten Aussagekraft der p73-Isoformenquantifizierung auf mRNA-Ebene kritisch zu bewerten. Die RETRABehandlung von Tumorzelllinien in Kombination mit dem Topoisomerase-II-Hemmer Etoposid verursachte in Tumorzelllinien unabhängig des p53-Mutationsstatus ausgeprägte additive zytotoxische Effekte. In MUTp53- und p53-negativen Zelllinien wurde zusätzlich ein deutlicher Wirksynergismus von RETRA und Etoposid gemessen. Das Fehlen eines zytotoxischen Stimulus hat somit möglicherweise zu einem unsystematischen Fehler in der Korrelationsanalyse geführt. Die erhobenen Ergebnisse bestätigen in ihrer Zusammenschau, dass RETRA das Transkriptionspotential von TAp73 wiederherstellen und seine tumorsuppressive Funktion aktivieren kann. Die gemessenen chemosensibilisierenden Eigenschaften qualifizieren RETRA als möglichen Kombinationspartner in der Therapie von malignen Tumoren mit konventionellen Chemotherapeutika. Es sind jedoch weitere Untersuchungen in vitro und in vivo nötig, um die Wirkungsweise von RETRA zu bestätigen. Der Einsatz von RETRA könnte dazu beitragen, therapeutisch nötige Dosierungen verwendeter Zytostatika zu reduzieren, um unerwünschte Arzneinebenwirkungen zu minimieren bzw. die Therapieintensität zu erhöhen. Da TAp73 in humanen Malignomen sehr selten mutiert ist, könnte RETRA zudem zur Überwindung MUTp53-bedingter Resistenz von Malignomen auf Radio- und Chemotherapie beitragen

The VLQ Calorimeter of H1 at HERA: A Highly Compact Device for Measurements of Electrons and Photons under Very Small Scattering Angles

In 1998, the detector H1 at HERA has been equipped with a small backward spectrometer, the Very Low Q^2 (VLQ) spectrometer comprising a silicon tracker, a tungsten - scintillator sandwich calorimeter, and a Time-of-Flight system. The spectrometer was designed to measure electrons scattered under very low angles, equivalent to very low squared four - momentum transfers Q^2, and high energy photons with good energy and spatial resolution. The VLQ was in operation during the 1999 and 2000 run periods. This paper describes the design and construction of the VLQ calorimeter, a compact device with a fourfold projective energy read-out, and its performance during test runs and in the experiment.Comment: 32 pages, 25 figures, 2 tables (To be submitted to Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A

Malignant transformation in a defined genetic background: Proteome changes displayed by 2D-PAGE

Background: Cancer arises from normal cells through the stepwise accumulation of genetic alterations. Cancer development can be studied by direct genetic manipulation within experimental models of tumorigenesis. Thereby, confusion by the genetic heterogeneity of patients can be circumvented. Moreover, identification of the critical changes that convert a pre-malignant cell into a metastatic, therapy resistant tumor cell, however, is one necessary step to develop effective and selective anti-cancer drugs. Thus, for the current study a cell culture model for malignant transformation was used: Primary human fibroblasts of the BJ strain were sequentially transduced with retroviral vectors encoding the genes for hTERT (cell line BJ-T), simian virus 40 early region (SV40 ER, cell line BJ-TE) and H-Ras V12 (cell line BJ-TER). Results: The stepwise malignant transformation of human fibroblasts was analyzed on the protein level by differential proteome analysis. We observed 39 regulated protein spots and therein identified 67 different proteins. The strongest change of spot patterns was detected due to integration of SV40 ER. Among the proteins being significantly regulated during the malignant transformation process well known proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as well as the chaperones mitochondrial heat shock protein 75 kDa (TRAP-1) and heat shock protein HSP90 were identified. Moreover, we find out, that TRAP-1 is already up-regulated by means of SV40 ER expression instead of H-Ras V12. Furthermore Peroxiredoxin-6 (PRDX6), Annexin A2 (p36), Plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 (PAI-2) and Keratin type II cytoskeletal 7 (CK-7) were identified to be regulated. For some protein candidates we confirmed our 2D-PAGE results by Western Blot. Conclusion: These findings give further hints for intriguing interactions between the p16-RB pathway, the mitochondrial chaperone network and the cytoskeleton. In summary, using a cell culture model for malignant transformation analyzed with 2D-PAGE, proteome and cellular changes can be related to defined steps of tumorigenesi

Malignant transformation in a defined genetic background: proteome changes displayed by 2D-PAGE

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cancer arises from normal cells through the stepwise accumulation of genetic alterations. Cancer development can be studied by direct genetic manipulation within experimental models of tumorigenesis. Thereby, confusion by the genetic heterogeneity of patients can be circumvented. Moreover, identification of the critical changes that convert a pre-malignant cell into a metastatic, therapy resistant tumor cell, however, is one necessary step to develop effective and selective anti-cancer drugs. Thus, for the current study a cell culture model for malignant transformation was used: Primary human fibroblasts of the BJ strain were sequentially transduced with retroviral vectors encoding the genes for hTERT (cell line BJ-T), simian virus 40 early region (SV40 ER, cell line BJ-TE) and H-Ras V12 (cell line BJ-TER).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The stepwise malignant transformation of human fibroblasts was analyzed on the protein level by differential proteome analysis. We observed 39 regulated protein spots and therein identified 67 different proteins. The strongest change of spot patterns was detected due to integration of SV40 ER. Among the proteins being significantly regulated during the malignant transformation process well known proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as well as the chaperones mitochondrial heat shock protein 75 kDa (TRAP-1) and heat shock protein HSP90 were identified. Moreover, we find out, that TRAP-1 is already up-regulated by means of SV40 ER expression instead of H-Ras V12. Furthermore Peroxiredoxin-6 (PRDX6), Annexin A2 (p36), Plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 (PAI-2) and Keratin type II cytoskeletal 7 (CK-7) were identified to be regulated. For some protein candidates we confirmed our 2D-PAGE results by Western Blot.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These findings give further hints for intriguing interactions between the p16-RB pathway, the mitochondrial chaperone network and the cytoskeleton. In summary, using a cell culture model for malignant transformation analyzed with 2D-PAGE, proteome and cellular changes can be related to defined steps of tumorigenesis.</p

Galectin-3 interacts with components of the nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex

Differentially spliced mRNAs following galectin‐3 depletion. (PDF 122 kb