THE ECONOMICS OF INSTRUCTIONAL REVENUE SHARING

The process of planning and budgeting for public institutions has been a topic of recent interest as budgetary constraints have mandated reduced funding for state agencies and publicly funded educational institutions. The most recent budget outlook in Minnesota suggests that funding for the University of Minnesota will be reduced significantly in the next biennium. This outlook is renewing the call for increased efficiency and cost control for publicly funded educational institutions such as the University of Minnesota. The authors have been involved with a project in which cost functions and economic relationships were examined within the College of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences at the University of Minnesota. This paper is an extension of these efforts and attempts to address the questions relating to instructional revenue sharing.Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,

COST RELATIONSHIPS IN COLLEGES OF AGRICULTURE

This paper examines cost behavior in higher education and colleges of agriculture. The authors have been involved in a multiyear project to determine how enrollment affects costs. The part of the study as summarized in the paper addresses the unique aspects of higher education that affect costs and presents three cost models based upon data from the University of Minnesota. Implications of these models related to average and marginal costs are discussed in relation to economies of size and scale.Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,

Archaeological Monitoring of Utility Installations Between Dolorosa and Nueva Streets Immediately East of Military Plaza, San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas

In May and June, 2018, Raba Kistner Environmental, Inc. (RKEI) was contracted by Davila Construction, Inc. (CLIENT), to conduct archaeological monitoring of construction associated with utility installations for the City Annex Project. The Project Area is located within a lot between Dolorosa and Nueva Streets in Downtown San Antonio, Bexar County Texas. The proposed project is located on lands controlled by the City of San Antonio (COSA) a political subdivision of the State of Texas. As such, the proposed project is subject to review under the City of San Antonio’s Unified Development Code (UDC) (Chapter 35 Article VI) and the Antiquities Code of Texas (ACT; Texas Natural Resource Code, Title 9). All work was conducted under ACT Permit No. 8416 with Steve A. Tomka serving as Principal Investigator. Field work was conducted by Project Archaeologist Chris Matthews and Chris Murray. During the investigations, a majority of the APE showed evidence of disturbance. Disturbances included existing utilities, previous construction, and landscaping. Monitoring of the excavations revealed that intact soils were only present in the northeastern portion of the APE. Excavations for Trench 7 (T-7) identified a yellow brick and limestone feature that was documented as 41BX2247. The site is likely the structural foundation associated with a blacksmith shop identified on late nineteenth to early twentieth Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps. Excavations for Trench 8 also identified structural foundation remains, documented as 41BX2248. Site 41BX2248 consisted of a limestone foundation likely associated with a residential dwelling illustrated on the late nineteenth to early twentieth Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps. Both sites are recommended as not significant due to a lack of integrity. Neither site is considered contributing element to the Main and Military Plazas National Register Historic District. RKEI does not recommend any further archaeological investigations within the areas monitored. However, should additional excavations of trenches in the Project Area occur, further work may be required and archival research is recommended for sites 41BX2247 and 41BX2248. All field records and photographs produced during investigations are curated at the Center for Archaeological Research at the University of Texas at San Antonio

Reexamining evidence-based practice in community corrections: beyond 'a confined view' of what works

This article aims to reexamine the development and scope of evidence-based practice (EBP) in community corrections by exploring three sets of issues. Firstly, we examine the relationships between the contested purposes of community supervision and their relationships to questions of evidence. Secondly, we explore the range of forms of evidence that might inform the pursuit of one purpose of supervision—the rehabilitation of offenders—making the case for a fuller engagement with “desistance” research in supporting this process. Thirdly, we examine who can and should be involved in conversations about EBP, arguing that both ex/offenders’ and practitioners’ voices need to be respected and heard in this debate

Human Direct Skin Feeding Versus Membrane Feeding to Assess the Mosquitocidal Efficacy of High-Dose Ivermectin (IVERMAL Trial)

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String Necklaces and Primordial Black Holes from Type IIB Strings

We consider a model of static cosmic string loops in type IIB string theory, where the strings wrap cycles within the internal space. The strings are not topologically stabilised, however the presence of a lifting potential traps the windings giving rise to kinky cycloops. We find that PBH formation occurs at early times in a small window, whilst at late times we observe the formation of dark matter relics in the scaling regime. This is in stark contrast to previous predictions based on field theoretic models. We also consider the PBH contribution to the mass density of the universe, and use the experimental data to impose bounds on the string theory parameters.Comment: 45 pages, 9 figures, LaTeX; published versio

Long non-coding RNAs and latent HIV : a search for novel targets for latency reversal

The latent cellular reservoir of HIV is recognized as the major barrier to cure from HIV infection. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are more tissue and cell type-specific than protein coding genes, and may represent targets of choice for HIV latency reversal. Using two in vitro primary T-cell models, we identified lncRNAs dysregulated in latency. PVT1 and RP11-347C18.3 were up-regulated in common between the two models, and RP11-539L10.2 was down-regulated. The major component of the latent HIV reservoir, memory CD4+ T-cells, had higher expression of these lncRNAs, compared to naive T-cells. Guilt-by-association analysis demonstrated that lncRNAs dysregulated in latency were associated with several cellular pathways implicated in HIV latency establishment and maintenance: proteasome, spliceosome, p53 signaling, and mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR). PVT1, RP11-347C18.3, and RP11-539L10.2 were down-regulated by latency reversing agents, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid and Romidepsin, suggesting that modulation of lncRNAs is a possible secondary mechanism of action of these compounds. These results will facilitate prioritization of lncRNAs for evaluation as targets for HIV latency reversal. Importantly, our study provides insights into regulatory function of lncRNA during latent HIV infection

Genetic determinants of the pharmacokinetic variability of rifampin in Malawian adults with pulmonary tuberculosis

D.J.S. was supported by a Wellcome Trust Clinical PhD Fellowship (086757/Z/08/A to D.J.S.). A.D.M. was supported by a National Institute for Health Research Integrated Clinical Academic Training Fellowship and a Wellcome Trust Clinical PhD Fellowship (105/392/B/14/Z). The Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme is supported by a strategic award from the Wellcome Trust.Variable exposure to antituberculosis (TB) drugs, partially driven by genetic factors, may be associated with poor clinical outcomes. Previous studies have suggested an influence of the SLCO1B1 locus on the plasma area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of rifampin. We evaluated the contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SLCO1B1 and other candidate genes (AADAC and CES-1) to interindividual pharmacokinetic variability in Malawi. A total of 174 adults with pulmonary TB underwent sampling of plasma rifampin concentrations at 2 and 6 h postdose. Data from a prior cohort of 47 intensively sampled, similar patients from the same setting were available to support population pharmacokinetic model development in NONMEM v7.2, using a two-stage strategy to improve information during the absorption phase. In contrast to recent studies in South Africa and Uganda, SNPs in SLCO1B1 did not explain variability in AUC0-∞ of rifampin. No pharmacokinetic associations were identified with AADAC or CES-1 SNPs, which were rare in the Malawian population. Pharmacogenetic determinants of rifampin exposure may vary between African populations. SLCO1B1 and other novel candidate genes, as well as nongenetic sources of interindividual variability, should be further explored in geographically diverse, adequately powered cohorts.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe