EL PROFETA Y LA MULTITUD. NOTAS SOBRE STRAUSS, LECTOR DE SPINOZA

En el ‘Prefacio’ a la edición americana de la Religionskritik Spinozas, aparecida treinta años después de la primera edición del texto alemán y reconocida en general como elemento esencial para la comprensión del recorrido especulativo de Strauss, se lee la siguiente indicación metodológica: «It is safer to undestand the low in the light of the high than the high in the light of the low. In doing the latter one necessarily distorts the high, whereas in doing the former one does not deprive the low of the freedom to reveal itself fully as what it is». Se trata de una afirmación que debe considerarse justamente la expresión de uno de los pilares teóricos del pensamiento straussiano, un aspecto de constante observación en el seno de su recorrido especulativo, cuyo significado podría reconstruirse así: la verdad, que está en lo alto, en una posición de trascendencia respecto a la dimensión existencial del hombre, ilumina esta última dimensión al ofrecerle al hombre no sólo un recorrido definido, sino, sobre todo, la libertad de encontrar su propio recorrido, de modo que pueda realizar su esencia

“Hodie nullos habemus prophetas”: Spinoza, i Collegianti e la repubblica

From the very first pages of the Theological-political Treatise, Spinoza deals with the issue of prophecy with a clear purpose, that is to expunge any possible relation between prophetical language and godly transcendence, in order to prevent that prophecy could become an instrument of domination in the hands of the theocratic power. Anyway, Spinoza also maintains that the prophetic message played a relevant ethical and political role among the ancient people, especially among the Hebrews, since it contributed to create a social bond, based upon the passions and the imaginations of the community. Such an ambivalent peculiarity of prophecy seems to have disappeared in Spinoza’s times, insofar as «we have no prophets in our day» (TTP, chapter 1), but only preachers who make use of popular superstition to strengthen their authority. Actually, we can explain differently this TTP’s statement, by considering a possible influence of the Collegiant movement in Spinoza’s thought, and therefore maintaining that the free prophetic discussion represents the genesis of any process aimed both to liberate individuals from superstition and to resist to non-democratic rules

Non Defuit Materia:Freedom and Necessity in Spinoza’s Democratic Theory

The relationship between politics and metaphysics in Spinoza’s philosophy has been highlighted by Antonio Negri in The Savage Anomaly. But the determinism of God’s power, implying the identity between freedom and necessity, has not been analysed in its political effects. This chapter will show by whom the imaginary reality of free will can be politically employed; that due to the identity between reality and perfection, a ‘real’ tyranny can be considered a ‘perfect’ regime; how a free multitude, living in a democratic regime, differentiates itself from an enslaved one, and how its freedom can be necessary

HIGH-RESOLUTION CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY ACROSS THE TOARCIAN OCEANIC ANOXIC EVENT IN NORTHERN ITALY: CLUES FROM THE SOGNO AND GAJUM CORES (LOMBARDY BASIN, SOUTHERN ALPS)

Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy was conducted across the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE) interval cored at Colle di Sogno and Gajum in the Lombardy Basin (Southern Alps, Northern Italy). Drilling at both sites resulted in 100% recovery of unweathered material. The Sogno and Gajum Cores consist of pelagic marly limestones, marlstone, marly claystone, and a relatively expanded black shale interval named Fish Level considered the lithostratigraphic record of the T-OAE at regional scale. Semiquantitative analyses of calcareous nannofloras allowed to achieve a high-resolution biostratigraphy of the latest Pliensbachian-early Toarcian time interval. Several nannofossil biohorizons were detected, including zonal/subzonal markers and additional events related to changes in abundance. The nannofossil biostratigraphic correlation of the Sogno and Gajum Cores indicates that, according to their paleogeographic settings, the succession recovered in the Sogno Core deposited on a pelagic plateau is continuous while a hiatus of ~600 kyrs was detected in the lowermost Toarcian in the Gajum Core located on a slope of a structural high. The NJT 5 and NJT 6 Zones of the standard nannofossil zonation for the Mediterranean Province were identified in both the Sogno and Gajum Cores. Our findings allow an implementation of the reference biozonation with the separation of the NJT 6a and NJT 6b Subzones, and age revision of some secondary events. The zonation established for the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal) is only partially reproducible in the Lombardy Basin, confirming nannoplankton paleoprovincialism during the Early Jurassic requiring different zonal schemes in various areas. Nevertheless, we underline that the T-OAE is unambiguously constrained by the FO of C. superbus crassus and the LO of M. jansae at supra-regional scale

EL PROFETA Y LA MULTITUD. NOTAS SOBRE STRAUSS, LECTOR DE SPINOZA

En el ‘Prefacio’ a la edición americana de la Religionskritik Spinozas, aparecida treinta años después de la primera edición del texto alemán y reconocida en general como elemento esencial para la comprensión del recorrido especulativo de Strauss, se lee la siguiente indicación metodológica: «It is safer to undestand the low in the light of the high than the high in the light of the low. In doing the latter one necessarily distorts the high, whereas in doing the former one does not deprive the low of the freedom to reveal itself fully as what it is». Se trata de una afirmación que debe considerarse justamente la expresión de uno de los pilares teóricos del pensamiento straussiano, un aspecto de constante observación en el seno de su recorrido especulativo, cuyo significado podría reconstruirse así: la verdad, que está en lo alto, en una posición de trascendencia respecto a la dimensión existencial del hombre, ilumina esta última dimensión al ofrecerle al hombre no sólo un recorrido definido, sino, sobre todo, la libertad de encontrar su propio recorrido, de modo que pueda realizar su esencia

Étienne de La Boétie: The Language of Freedom

The article takes into account the exceptionality of Étienne de La Boétie’s Discourse on Voluntary Servitude sur la servitude volontaire within its historical context, when compared to other anti-tyrannical essays published in Sixteenth-Century France. The Discourse can be read as a sort of anachronistic criticism of the modern theory of sovereignty, since it connects the birth of a monar-chical power with the presence in every man of a desire to be identified with “the name of the One”. However, this process of hallucinatory identification with a “master”, to whom the individual sacrifices his own singularity, can be fought by the capacity of human language to build a net of co-operation among men, which overthrows any close and static identity between individuals and power. Thus freedom appears to be not a natural and stable possess, but rather an uninterrupted and risky process of collective emancipation

Network Analyzer, valutazioni tecniche ed economiche. Network analyzer, technical and economics evaluations

ope

A RELIGIÃO COMO ESPAÇO DE LIBERDADE: SEBASTIEN CASTELLION E ÉTIENNE DE LA BOÉTIE DIANTE DO CONFLITO RELIGIOSO NA FRANÇA

O período das guerras religiosas na França no decorrer do Século XVI marca uma passagem decisiva para a construção de uma nova relação entre religião e política, que se tornará hegemônica no decorrer da idade moderna, e que, no entanto, nos dias de hoje, mostra os seus limites e as suas contradições. Entretanto, na França da metade do Século XVI, dois pensadores, Étienne de La Boétie e Sébastien Castellion, pertencentes a dois lados diferentes, procuram encontrar uma solução para o conflito que não passe nem pela supressão violenta da outra parte, nem pela despolitização do fenômeno religioso. Dos dois escritos feitos antes do início da guerra, A Mémoire sur la pacification des troubles, de La Boétie, e o Conseil à la France désolée, de Castellion, emerge uma concepção da religião liberta de qualquer limitação dogmática e, de outro modo, entendida como espaço de cooperação entre os homens de boa vontade. Esta tentativa de reconstruir o universalismo religioso através da potência emancipadora da linguagem e de uma prática comum permanecerá minoritária na história da primeira modernidade. Porém, é capaz de oferecer à nossa contemporaneidade um importante elemento de reflexão para uma época que está vivendo a falência do projeto liberal e o retorno ao fundamentalismo teológico-político

Money to move:The effect on researchers of an international mobility grant

We examine the impact of a grant program promoting international mobility on researchers’ scientific outcomes and careers. To provide causal evidence, we exploit unique data from the Swiss National Foundation and implement a Regression Discontinuity Design analysis. We find that the grant effectively supports periods of research abroad that often extend beyond the duration of the grant, without increasing the probability of permanent migration. Awarded researchers increase their output quality, although the effect on output quantity and careers is not significant. Additional evidence suggests that financing international mobility likely affects output quality by reducing the cost of exploring new collaboration opportunities and research topics: awarded applicants are more likely to collaborate with new coauthors of higher, on average, scientific quality and rely less on their previous own research results. Moreover, the grants mainly benefit researchers receiving a mobility grant for the first time

Cento anni dalla Rivoluzione d’ottobre: un convegno di studi

Presentazione del fascicolo della rivista