Dalji prilog u razmatranju identifikacije uslova za upotrebu rečnih barži kao ribnjačkog objekta

U poslednjim godinama, zasnovano na međunarodnim iskustvima, iskazuje se potreba za uvođenje novih tehnologija u sektoru akvakulture u Srbiji. Pokrenut je projekat sa ciljem da se ukaže na mogućnost korišćenja rashodovanih rečnih barži kao objekata za akvakulturu. Predloženi vid intenzivnog gajenja konzumnog šarana, upotrebom rečnih šlepova kao protočnih sistema, predstavlja novinu u Srbiji. Budući da predstavlja nov pristup, a u svrhu određivanja adekvatne tehnologije, istraživanja su fokusirana na uticaj osnovnih faktora sredine koji utiču na rast šarana. Praćen je uticaj sadržaja kiseonika i temperature na rast šarana u konkretnim uslovima uzgojnog procesa. Tehničkim rešenjem priključenja vazdušnih kompresora na tanjiraste fino perforirane difuzore fiksirane na dnu barže, u potpunosti je rešen problem oksigenacije uzgojne vode. Temperatura je, pošto nije dostizala optimalne vrednosti za rast šarana, bila limitirajući faktor. Za 100 eksperimentalnih dana (67 dana sa ishranom), prosečna težina nasađenih riba bila je 1350.5 ± 269.47 g, postignuti individualni i ukupni prirast iznosili su 65.81% i 59.61% (mortalitet 4.22%), dok je konverzioni faktor hrane iznosio 1.52. Budući da je barža porinuta u rečni tok, kao i da se radi o protočnom sistemu, celokupni uzgojni proces je u velikoj zavisnosti od klimatskih uslova., što ukazuje na sezonsku primenu ovog tipa uzgoja za intenzivan uzgoj konzumne ribe, ili za intenzivan uzgoj mlađi za potrebe nasađivanja tokom najtoplijeg dela godine

Naturally p-hydroxybenzoylated lignins in palms

The industrial production of palm oil concurrently generates a substantial amount of empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibers that could be used as a feedstock in a lignocellulose-based biorefinery. Lignin byproducts generated by this process may offer opportunities for the isolation of value-added products, such as p-hydroxybenzoate (pBz), to help offset operating costs. Analysis of the EFB lignin by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy clearly revealed the presence of bound acetate and pBz, with saponification revealing that 1.1 wt% of the EFB was pBz; with a lignin content of 22.7 %, 4.8 % of the lignin is pBz that can be obtained as a pure component for use as a chemical feedstock. Analysis of EFB lignin by NMR and derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC) showed that pBz selectively acylates the γ-hydroxyl group of S units. This selectivity suggests that pBz, analogously with acetate in kenaf, p-coumarate in grasses, and ferulate in a transgenic poplar augmented with a feruloyl-CoA monolignol transferase (FMT), is incorporated into the growing lignin chain via its γ-p-hydroxybenzoylated monolignol conjugate. Involvement of such conjugates in palm lignification is proven by the observation of novel p-hydroxybenzoylated non-resinol β–β-coupled units in the lignins. Together, the data implicate the existence of p-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA:monolignol transferases that are involved in lignification in the various willows (Salix spp.), poplars and aspen (Populus spp., family Salicaceae), and palms (family Arecaceae) that have p-hydroxybenzoylated lignins. Even without enhancing the levels by breeding or genetic engineering, current palm oil EFB ‘wastes’ should be able to generate a sizeable stream of p-hydroxybenzoic acid that offers opportunities for the development of value-added products derived from the oil palm industry

Different aspect of sustainable use of fish resources in Serbia for the period 2006-2017

Ovaj rad ima za cilj da ustanovi koja je uloga zakona u dobrom upravljanju ribolovnim resursima. Zaštita i održivo korišćenje ribljeg fonda u Srbiji regulisano je istoimenim zakonom, a odvija se na 17 ribarskih područja i 29 ribarskih područja u zaštićenim prirodnim dobrima. Na 17 osnovnih ribarskih područja upravljaju „javna preduzeća“ ili privatne firme u statusu „doo“. Kod većih područja, posebno u Vojvodini, postoji više upravljača za jedno ribarsko područje. U zaštićenim prirodnim dobrima upravljači su ujedno i korisnici ribljeg fonda. U periodu od 2006. do 2017. godine Zakon o zaštiti i održivom korišćenju ribljeg fonda menjan je u dva navrata: 2009. i 2014. godine. Podzakonska akta su takođe podložna vrlo čestim promenama. U radu se prate efekti promene zakonske regulative na broj rekre ativnih i profesionalnih ribolovaca, broj ribočuvara i trendove u ulovima. Osnovni trendovi su da broj rekreativnih ribolovaca u navedenom periodu opada, broj profesionalnih riba ra stagnira, dok broj ribočuvara raste. Ulov ima tendenciju opadanja za sve vrste koje se statististički prate (šaran, som, smuđ i deverika od autohtonih vrsta, i babuška i tolstolobik od alohtonih). Odnos ulova u rekreativnom i komercijalnom ribolovu pokazuje značajne promene u poslednjih desetak godina: osim za tolstolobika, kod koga dominira komer cijalni ulov, kod ostalih vrsta je došlo do zamene u smislu da rekreativni ulov preuzima dominaciju u poslednjih nekoliko godin

Identification of T-Cell Antigens Specific for Latent Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection

BACKGROUND: T-cell responses against dormancy-, resuscitation-, and reactivation-associated antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are candidate biomarkers of latent infection in humans. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We established an assay based on two rounds of in vitro restimulation and intracellular cytokine analysis that detects T-cell responses to antigens expressed during latent M. tuberculosis infection. Comparison between active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients and healthy latently M. tuberculosis-infected donors (LTBI) revealed significantly higher T-cell responses against 7 of 35 tested M. tuberculosis latency-associated antigens in LTBI. Notably, T cells specific for Rv3407 were exclusively detected in LTBI but not in TB patients. The T-cell IFNgamma response against Rv3407 in individual donors was the most influential factor in discrimination analysis that classified TB patients and LTBI with 83% accuracy using cross-validation. Rv3407 peptide pool stimulations revealed distinct candidate epitopes in four LTBI. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings further support the hypothesis that the latency-associated antigens can be exploited as biomarkers for LTBI

Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists differ in chemical structure, duration of action, and in their effects on clinical outcomes. The cardiovascular effects of once-weekly albiglutide in type 2 diabetes are unknown. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of albiglutide in preventing cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Methods: We did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 610 sites across 28 countries. We randomly assigned patients aged 40 years and older with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (at a 1:1 ratio) to groups that either received a subcutaneous injection of albiglutide (30–50 mg, based on glycaemic response and tolerability) or of a matched volume of placebo once a week, in addition to their standard care. Investigators used an interactive voice or web response system to obtain treatment assignment, and patients and all study investigators were masked to their treatment allocation. We hypothesised that albiglutide would be non-inferior to placebo for the primary outcome of the first occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, which was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. If non-inferiority was confirmed by an upper limit of the 95% CI for a hazard ratio of less than 1·30, closed testing for superiority was prespecified. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02465515. Findings: Patients were screened between July 1, 2015, and Nov 24, 2016. 10 793 patients were screened and 9463 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to groups: 4731 patients were assigned to receive albiglutide and 4732 patients to receive placebo. On Nov 8, 2017, it was determined that 611 primary endpoints and a median follow-up of at least 1·5 years had accrued, and participants returned for a final visit and discontinuation from study treatment; the last patient visit was on March 12, 2018. These 9463 patients, the intention-to-treat population, were evaluated for a median duration of 1·6 years and were assessed for the primary outcome. The primary composite outcome occurred in 338 (7%) of 4731 patients at an incidence rate of 4·6 events per 100 person-years in the albiglutide group and in 428 (9%) of 4732 patients at an incidence rate of 5·9 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·78, 95% CI 0·68–0·90), which indicated that albiglutide was superior to placebo (p<0·0001 for non-inferiority; p=0·0006 for superiority). The incidence of acute pancreatitis (ten patients in the albiglutide group and seven patients in the placebo group), pancreatic cancer (six patients in the albiglutide group and five patients in the placebo group), medullary thyroid carcinoma (zero patients in both groups), and other serious adverse events did not differ between the two groups. There were three (<1%) deaths in the placebo group that were assessed by investigators, who were masked to study drug assignment, to be treatment-related and two (<1%) deaths in the albiglutide group. Interpretation: In patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, albiglutide was superior to placebo with respect to major adverse cardiovascular events. Evidence-based glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists should therefore be considered as part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Funding: GlaxoSmithKline

The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase 1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age  6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score  652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N = 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in Asia and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701

Impact on property values due to solar cell investments : A study of how investments in solar cells affect the economic value of commercial properties and how this value is maximized with respect to dimensioning and financing, respectively

Den globala utvecklingen som pågått sedan 1950-talet har resulterat i drastiska klimatförändringar vilket orsakat allvarliga miljöproblem. Dessa miljöproblem beror till stor del på en kraftig befolkningstillväxt. Befolkningstillväxten är starkt förknippad med ökade energibehov vilket ställer högre krav på hur energin produceras för att minska avtrycket på miljön. Ett tydligt steg i rätt riktning är tillämpningen av förnyelsebara energikällor. På den svenska marknaden är solkraft den energikälla som vuxit kraftigast de senaste åren. En av anledningarna till den kraftiga tillväxten är de statliga stimulanserna som givits. Sedan 2021 har de statliga stöden samtidigt dragits in vilket i synnerhet drabbar företag, däribland kommersiella fastighetsägare. Samtidigt kan det fortfarande finnas motiv för att investera i solceller, tack vare de positiva kostnadseffekter som en investering kan medföra. Det finns samtidigt oklarheter kring hur denna typ av investering påverkar värdet på fastigheter. Baserat på detta är studiens syfte att undersöka hur investeringar i solceller påverkar det ekonomiska värdet på kommersiella fastigheter samt hur detta värde maximeras med avseende på dimensionering respektive finansiering. Tidigare forskning inom området indikerar att det i huvudsak finns positiva samband mellan investeringar i solceller och värdet på fastigheter. Samtidigt berör dessa studier bostadsfastigheter på den internationella marknaden. Det finns således en begränsad forskning kring hur investeringar i solceller påverkar värdet på kommersiella fastigheter, inte minst på den svenska marknaden. För att uppfylla studiens syfte tillämpades, i första hand, en kvantitativ flerfallsstudie där 8 fastighetsobjekt undersöktes. Den kvantitativa data som samlades in om dessa objekt låg till grund för värderingen av dessa fastigheter. Värderingen, som baserades på “discounted cash flow method”, tillämpades för att tydliggöra hur värdet på fastigheterna förändrades i relation till ett ursprungsläge före en investering. Det kvantitativa metodvalet kombinerades med kvalitativa intervjuer vars syfte var att få en djupare förståelse om hur värdet på kommersiella fastigheter maximeras med avseende på dimensionering. Intervjuerna hade även för avsikt att verifiera de kvantitativa resultaten som genererades från fallstudien. Studiens resultat påvisar ett starkt samband mellan det ekonomiska värdet på kommersiella fastigheter och investeringar i solceller. Hur mycket fastighetsvärdet påverkas beror i stor utsträckning på hur investeringen finansieras samt hur lång analystid som beaktas. Bortsett från analystid tyder studiens resultat på att fastighetsvärdet i genomsnitt ökar 1,71% vid en direktfinansiering och 1,12% när investeringen görs i form av ett “power purchase agreement”. Samtidigt påvisar de kvalitativa resultaten att dimensioneringen av solcellsanläggningar bör göras utifrån den individuella fastighetens behov i termer av egenanvändning och total elanvändning. För att maximera egenanvändningen och därmed också fastighetsvärdet behöver dimensioneringen, ur et praktiskt perspektiv, ta hänsyn till den tillgängliga takytan, takets lutning samt takets väderstreck. The global development, which has been going on since the 1950s, has resulted in drastic climate changes, which has caused serious environmental issues. These environmental issues are mainly caused by a strong population growth. The population growth is participially associated with increased energy needs, which sets higher requirements on how energy is produced, in order to reduce the impact on the environment. A step in the right direction is the application of renewable energy sources. In the Swedish market, solar power has been the fastest growing energy source in recent years. One of the reasons for this growth has been the stimulations offered by the government. Since 2021, the stimulations have been withdrawn which particularly affects companies, including commercial property owners. However, there may still be motives for investing in solar cells, thanks to the positive cost effects that an investment may bring. At the same time, there are uncertainties about how much this type of investment can affect the property value. Based on that, the purpose of this study is to investigate how investments in solar cells affect the economic value of commercial properties and how this value can be maximized with respect to dimensioning and financing, respectively. Previous research within this field indicates that there are positive relationships between investments in solar cells and the value of properties. At the same time, these studies concern residential properties on the international market. Based on this, there is limited research on how investments in solar cells affect the value of commercial properties, especially in the Swedish market. To fulfill the purpose of the study, a quantitative multiple-case study was applied, in which 8 real estate objects were examined. The quantitative data collected about these objects was the basis for the valuation of the properties. The valuation, which was based on a discounted cash flow method, was applied to clarify how the value of the properties changed in relation to a scenario before an investment was made. The quantitative method was combined with qualitative interviews whose purpose was to get a deeper understanding of how the value of commercial properties is maximized with respect to dimensioning. The interviews were also intended to verify the quantitative results generated from the case study. The results of the study indicate a strong relationship between the economic value of commercial properties and investments in solar cells. How much the property value is affected depends to a considerable extent on how the investment is financed and how long analysis time is considered. Apart from the analysis time, the results of the study indicate that the property value increases on average by 1.71% in case of direct financing and 1.12% when the investment is financed as a power purchase agreement. At the same time, the qualitative results indicate that the dimensioning of a solar cell system should be done based on the individual property needs, in terms of self-use and total electricity consumption. To maximize the self-usage, and thereby also the property value, the dimensioning needs to consider the available roof surface, the slope of the roof and the latitude of the roof.

Impact on property values due to solar cell investments : A study of how investments in solar cells affect the economic value of commercial properties and how this value is maximized with respect to dimensioning and financing, respectively

Den globala utvecklingen som pågått sedan 1950-talet har resulterat i drastiska klimatförändringar vilket orsakat allvarliga miljöproblem. Dessa miljöproblem beror till stor del på en kraftig befolkningstillväxt. Befolkningstillväxten är starkt förknippad med ökade energibehov vilket ställer högre krav på hur energin produceras för att minska avtrycket på miljön. Ett tydligt steg i rätt riktning är tillämpningen av förnyelsebara energikällor. På den svenska marknaden är solkraft den energikälla som vuxit kraftigast de senaste åren. En av anledningarna till den kraftiga tillväxten är de statliga stimulanserna som givits. Sedan 2021 har de statliga stöden samtidigt dragits in vilket i synnerhet drabbar företag, däribland kommersiella fastighetsägare. Samtidigt kan det fortfarande finnas motiv för att investera i solceller, tack vare de positiva kostnadseffekter som en investering kan medföra. Det finns samtidigt oklarheter kring hur denna typ av investering påverkar värdet på fastigheter. Baserat på detta är studiens syfte att undersöka hur investeringar i solceller påverkar det ekonomiska värdet på kommersiella fastigheter samt hur detta värde maximeras med avseende på dimensionering respektive finansiering. Tidigare forskning inom området indikerar att det i huvudsak finns positiva samband mellan investeringar i solceller och värdet på fastigheter. Samtidigt berör dessa studier bostadsfastigheter på den internationella marknaden. Det finns således en begränsad forskning kring hur investeringar i solceller påverkar värdet på kommersiella fastigheter, inte minst på den svenska marknaden. För att uppfylla studiens syfte tillämpades, i första hand, en kvantitativ flerfallsstudie där 8 fastighetsobjekt undersöktes. Den kvantitativa data som samlades in om dessa objekt låg till grund för värderingen av dessa fastigheter. Värderingen, som baserades på “discounted cash flow method”, tillämpades för att tydliggöra hur värdet på fastigheterna förändrades i relation till ett ursprungsläge före en investering. Det kvantitativa metodvalet kombinerades med kvalitativa intervjuer vars syfte var att få en djupare förståelse om hur värdet på kommersiella fastigheter maximeras med avseende på dimensionering. Intervjuerna hade även för avsikt att verifiera de kvantitativa resultaten som genererades från fallstudien. Studiens resultat påvisar ett starkt samband mellan det ekonomiska värdet på kommersiella fastigheter och investeringar i solceller. Hur mycket fastighetsvärdet påverkas beror i stor utsträckning på hur investeringen finansieras samt hur lång analystid som beaktas. Bortsett från analystid tyder studiens resultat på att fastighetsvärdet i genomsnitt ökar 1,71% vid en direktfinansiering och 1,12% när investeringen görs i form av ett “power purchase agreement”. Samtidigt påvisar de kvalitativa resultaten att dimensioneringen av solcellsanläggningar bör göras utifrån den individuella fastighetens behov i termer av egenanvändning och total elanvändning. För att maximera egenanvändningen och därmed också fastighetsvärdet behöver dimensioneringen, ur et praktiskt perspektiv, ta hänsyn till den tillgängliga takytan, takets lutning samt takets väderstreck. The global development, which has been going on since the 1950s, has resulted in drastic climate changes, which has caused serious environmental issues. These environmental issues are mainly caused by a strong population growth. The population growth is participially associated with increased energy needs, which sets higher requirements on how energy is produced, in order to reduce the impact on the environment. A step in the right direction is the application of renewable energy sources. In the Swedish market, solar power has been the fastest growing energy source in recent years. One of the reasons for this growth has been the stimulations offered by the government. Since 2021, the stimulations have been withdrawn which particularly affects companies, including commercial property owners. However, there may still be motives for investing in solar cells, thanks to the positive cost effects that an investment may bring. At the same time, there are uncertainties about how much this type of investment can affect the property value. Based on that, the purpose of this study is to investigate how investments in solar cells affect the economic value of commercial properties and how this value can be maximized with respect to dimensioning and financing, respectively. Previous research within this field indicates that there are positive relationships between investments in solar cells and the value of properties. At the same time, these studies concern residential properties on the international market. Based on this, there is limited research on how investments in solar cells affect the value of commercial properties, especially in the Swedish market. To fulfill the purpose of the study, a quantitative multiple-case study was applied, in which 8 real estate objects were examined. The quantitative data collected about these objects was the basis for the valuation of the properties. The valuation, which was based on a discounted cash flow method, was applied to clarify how the value of the properties changed in relation to a scenario before an investment was made. The quantitative method was combined with qualitative interviews whose purpose was to get a deeper understanding of how the value of commercial properties is maximized with respect to dimensioning. The interviews were also intended to verify the quantitative results generated from the case study. The results of the study indicate a strong relationship between the economic value of commercial properties and investments in solar cells. How much the property value is affected depends to a considerable extent on how the investment is financed and how long analysis time is considered. Apart from the analysis time, the results of the study indicate that the property value increases on average by 1.71% in case of direct financing and 1.12% when the investment is financed as a power purchase agreement. At the same time, the qualitative results indicate that the dimensioning of a solar cell system should be done based on the individual property needs, in terms of self-use and total electricity consumption. To maximize the self-usage, and thereby also the property value, the dimensioning needs to consider the available roof surface, the slope of the roof and the latitude of the roof.

Breeding of fungal resistant varieties derived from Grüner Veltliner by chromosomal selection

Traditional cultivar Grüner Veltliner is the most appreciated vine in Austrian viticulture. Due to organic growing the demand for mildew resistance within the same wine profile has increased. Cross breeding can provide such new genotypes which combine traits from different sources by parenthood. Linkage of traits with chromosomes or markers allows to predict some aspects of the phenotype. Equipped with chromosomal assisted selection the development of new varieties could be much easier and faster. On the base of two segregating populations derived from crosses of Grüner Veltliner with Malverina and Seyval blanc we could define correlation of chromosomes with some traits. Mainly ampelographic descriptors and resistance against mildew could be aligned. As a quality parameter of the wine Rotundone analyses were performed and could be attributed to chromosome 5 and 9. Selection supported by the composition of the parental chromosomes enables breeding with some arguments of design. The limits for free choice were the availability of sufficient different genotypes with a broad spectrum of chromosomal combinations. Recently released descendent cultivar Donauveltliner was selected due to the high rate of Traminer alleles

Breeding of fungal resistant varieties derived from Grüner Veltliner by chromosomal selection

Traditional cultivar Grüner Veltliner is the most appreciated vine in Austrian viticulture. Due to organic growing the demand for mildew resistance within the same wine profile has increased. Cross breeding can provide such new genotypes which combine traits from different sources by parenthood. Linkage of traits with chromosomes or markers allows to predict some aspects of the phenotype. Equipped with chromosomal assisted selection the development of new varieties could be much easier and faster. On the base of two segregating populations derived from crosses of Grüner Veltliner with Malverina and Seyval blanc we could define correlation of chromosomes with some traits. Mainly ampelographic descriptors and resistance against mildew could be aligned. As a quality parameter of the wine Rotundone analyses were performed and could be attributed to chromosome 5 and 9. Selection supported by the composition of the parental chromosomes enables breeding with some arguments of design. The limits for free choice were the availability of sufficient different genotypes with a broad spectrum of chromosomal combinations. Recently released descendent cultivar Donauveltliner was selected due to the high rate of Traminer alleles