Arbeitsgedächtnis und Versprecher

Unter dem Arbeitsgedächtnis wird in der Psychologie ein Verarbeitungssystem verstanden, das zur Erklärung unterschiedlichster kognitiver Prozesse herangezogen wird, vergleichbar einem erweiterten Kurzzeitgedächtnis. Das derzeit prominenteste Arbeitsgedächtnismodell ist das von Baddeley (1986). Darin wird zwischen einem zentralen Koordinationsmodul und zwei Subsystemen unterschieden. Das besser untersuchte Subsystem ist die phonologische Schleife, die auf die kurzfristige Speicherung verbalen Materials spezialisiert ist. Diese Arbeit untersucht die Beziehung zwischen diesem Arbeitsgedächtnismodell und Versprechern. Nach einer theoretischen Einführung in die Forschungsbereiche Arbeitsgedächtnis und Versprecher wird ein Rahmenmodell vorgestellt, das dem Arbeitsgedächtnis eine spezifische Rolle bei der Erklärung von Versprechern zuschreibt. In mehreren Experimenten wird diese Rolle empirisch untersucht. Insbesondere sollte geklärt werden, welcher Stellenwert der phonologischen Schleife für die fehlerhafte Produktion sprachlicher Äußerungen zukommt. Neben mehreren bestätigenden Befunden fanden sich auch kritische Ergebnisse, die auf der Grundlage des derzeitigen Forschungsstandes diskutiert werden.Working memory and speech errors In psychology the term 'working memory' is used for a processing system, that explains different cognitive abilities, comparable to an extended short term memory. At present, the most prominent working memory model is Baddeley's (1986) theory. It comprises a central executive and two slave systems. The best examined system is the phonological loop, which is assumed to be responsible for the storage of verbal material for a short time. This article analyses the relation between the phonological loop and speech errors. After the introduction to both areas of research, working memory and speech errors, a meta-model is presented, that ascribes to the working memory a specific function for the explanation of speech errors. Four experiments examine this role in detail. Especially the distinction between the passive phonological store and the active rehearsal process in recent versions of Baddeley's model is taken into account. Most results confirm the relation of working memory and speech production. But the outcome of one experiment with articulatory suppression cannot be explained by the present model of Baddeley and demands further investigation. The results are discussed on the background of recent research

Li-doped ZnO nanorods with single-crystal quality - non-classical crystallization and self-assembly into mesoporous materials

Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.The benefits and promise of nanoscale dimensions for the properties of (ceramic) semiconductors are widely known. 1-D nanostructures in particular have proven to be of extraordinary relevance due to their applicability in future electronic and optoelectronic devices. Key to successful technological implementation of semiconductor nanostructures is the control of their electronic properties via doping. Despite its tremendous importance, precise chemical doping of defined nano-objects has been addressed rarely so far. Frequent problems are the creation of secondary defects and related undesired property changes by incorporation of hetero-elements, and the difficulty in ensuring a uniform and precise positioning of the dopant in the nanocrystal lattice. Here, we present the synthesis of Li-doped zinc oxide nanorods, which possess excellent (single-crystal) quality. The method is based on a novel non-classical crystallization mechanism, comprising an unusually oriented disassembly step. Afterwards, the nanorods are incorporated into mesoporous layers using colloidal self-assembly. Proof-of-principle gas sensing measurements with these novel materials demonstrate the beneficial role of Li-doping, indicating not only better conductivity but also the occurrence of catalytic effects

Inline Monitoring of Battery Electrode Lamination Processes Based on Acoustic Measurements

Due to the energy transition and the growth of electromobility, the demand for lithium-ion batteries has increased in recent years. Great demands are being placed on the quality of battery cells and their electrochemical properties. Therefore, the understanding of interactions between products and processes and the implementation of quality management measures are essential factors that requires inline capable process monitoring. In battery cell lamination processes, a typical problem source of quality issues can be seen in missing or misaligned components (anodes, cathodes and separators). An automatic detection of missing or misaligned components, however, has not been established thus far. In this study, acoustic measurements to detect components in battery cell lamination were applied. Although the use of acoustic measurement methods for process monitoring has already proven its usefulness in various fields of application, it has not yet been applied to battery cell production. While laminating battery electrodes and separators, acoustic emissions were recorded. Signal analysis and machine learning techniques were used to acoustically distinguish the individual components that have been processed. This way, the detection of components with a balanced accuracy of up to 83% was possible, proving the feasibility of the concept as an inline capable monitoring syste

Fügen Klebstoff-vorbeschichteter Bauteile zur Fertigung von MEMS und MOEMS

In diesem Beitrag werden die aktuellen Ergebnisse des Teilprojekts B8 aus dem SFB 516 „Konstruktion und Fertigung aktiver Mikrosysteme“ vorgestellt. Ziel dieses Projektes ist es, eine geeignete Verbindungstechnik auf Basis von nicht-viskosen Klebstoffsystemen (Schmelzklebstoffe) für MEMS und MOEMS zu entwickeln. Dabei wird von vornherein auf die Automatisierbarkeit, die Prozessgeschwindigkeit und die Anwendbarkeit in einem Batchprozess geachtet. Es werden verschiedene Möglichkeiten vorgestellt, den Schmelzklebstoff aufzutragen. Des Weiteren wird eine Anlage zur Montage von mikrosystemtechnischen Komponenten vorgestellt, mit der das automatisierte Fügen Klebstoff-vorbeschichteter Bauteile möglich ist. Dabei wird auch auf die erschiedenen Prozessvarianten zur Erwärmung der Bauteile bzw. des Schmelzklebstoffs eingegangen

Eine batchfähige Verbindungstechnik auf Basis von Schmelzklebstoffen

Die hier vorgestellten Arbeiten des Teilprojekts B8 aus dem SFB 516 „Konstruktion und Fertigung aktiver Mikrosysteme“ befassen sich mit der Montage aktiver Mikrosysteme. Dabei werden sensorgeführte Montageprozes se sowie die Verbindungstechnik auf Basis von nicht-viskosen Klebstoffsystemen (Schmelzklebstoffen) entwi ckelt. Bei diesen Entwicklungen wird der Fokus auf die Automatisierbarkeit, die Prozessgeschwindigkeit und die Anwendbarkeit in Batchprozessen gelegt. In diesem Beitrag werden batchfähige Applikationstechniken für den Auftrag von Schmelzklebstoffen, ein System für die sensorgeführte Montage sowie ein Montageprozess von schmelzklebstoffbeschichteten Mikrobauteilen am Beispiel der Montage eines Mikrolinearaktors vorgestellt

Determination and optimization of material parameters of particle-based LaTiO2N photoelectrodes

We developed a validated numerical model capable of predicting the photocurrent-voltage characteristics of oxide and oxynitride particle-based photoelectrodes and identifying the critical parameters affecting the performance of those photoelectrodes. We used particle-based LaTiO2N photoelectrodes as the model system. Two different types of electrodes were studied: LaTiO2N photoelectrodes with TiO2 inter-particle connections and the same photoelectrodes with NiOx/CoOx/Co(OH)2 co-catalysts and a Ta2O5 passivation layer. The necessary material parameters, namely complex refractive index, permittivity, density of states of the conduction and valence bands, charge mobilities, flatband potential, doping concentration, recombination lifetimes, and interfacial hole transfer velocity, were derived by density functional theory calculations, dedicated experiments, and fitting of the numerically determined photocurrent-voltage curves to the measured ones under back-side illumination. The model was validated by comparing its prediction to front-side illumination photocurrent-voltage measurements. A parametric study was then carried out to provide an extensive set of material design guidelines and key parameters for high-performing particle-based LaTiO2N photoelectrodes. The interfacial hole transfer velocity was identified as the most significant parameter for the performance of LaTiO2N photoelectrodes

A chemical probe for BAG1 targets androgen receptor-positive prostate cancer through oxidative stress signaling pathway

BAG1 is a family of polypeptides with a conserved C-terminal BAG domain that functions as a nucleotide exchange factor for the molecular chaperone HSP70. BAG1 proteins also control several signaling processes including proteostasis, apoptosis and transcription. The largest isoform, BAG1L, controls the activity of the androgen receptor (AR) and is upregulated in prostate cancer. Here, we show that BAG1L regulates AR dynamics in the nucleus and its ablation attenuates AR target gene expression especially those involved in oxidative stress and metabolism. We show that a small molecule, A4B17 that targets the BAG domain downregulates AR target genes similar to a complete BAG1L knockout and upregulates the expression of oxidative stress-induced genes involved in cell death. Furthermore, A4B17 outperformed the clinically approved antagonist enzalutamide in inhibiting cell proliferation and prostate tumor development in a mouse xenograft model. BAG1 inhibitors therefore offer unique opportunities for antagonizing AR action and prostate cancer growth