Microhongos de la hierba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.)

Se estudió cuantitativa y cualitativamente la presencia de especies fúngicas mesófilicas, termotolerantes y termofílicas presentes en 10 muestras de hierba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.), obtenidas dediversos locales comerciales de la Capital Federal y del Gran Buenos Aires.Mediante las técnicas de dilución en placa y cámara húmeda, se aislaron un total de 14 géneros y 15 especies. Los aislamientos más comunes fueron :Aspergillus niger Van Tieghem (en 100% de las muestras) yRhodotorula spp. (80%).Otros taxa menos frecuentes integraron los géneros Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Paecilomyces y Phaeococcomyces y algunas de ellos pueden considerarse potencialmente toxicogénicas.Cephaliophora tropica Thaxter, Melanospora sp., Rhizomucor pusillus Schipper y Humicola grisea Traaen, fueron unicamenle recuperados mediante la técnica de cultivo en cámara húmieda.El número de propágulos por gramo del producto analizado, osciló desde 2.700 a 50.000 ufc. para hongos mesofllicos y de 0-3000 ufc. para termotolerantes

In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility of Clinically Relevant Species Belonging to Aspergillus Section Flavi

The in vitro antifungal susceptibility of 77 isolates belonging to different clinically relevant species of Aspergillus section Flavi, including those of different phylogenetic clades of A. flavus, was tested for nine antifungal agents using a microdilution reference method (CLSI, M38-A2). Terbinafine and the echinocandins demonstrated lower MICs/MECs for all species evaluated, followed by posaconazole. Amphotericin B showed MICs >= 2 mu g/ml for 38 (49.4%) of the 77 isolates tested.Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y CienciaCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Med, Special Mycol Lab LEMI, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Rovira & Virgili, Sch Med, IISPV, Mycol Unit, E-43201 Reus, SpainUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Med, Special Mycol Lab LEMI, São Paulo, BrazilSpanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia: CGL 2009-08698/BOSCAPES: SWE 4150-08-2CAPES: 2312/2011CNPq: GM/GD 142051/2007-1FAPESP: 2012/01134-8Web of Scienc

Melanospora (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) and its relatives

The order Melanosporales comprises a large group of ascomycetes, most of them mycoparasites, characterized by the production of usually ostiolate, translucent ascomata, unitunicate asci, and unicellular, pigmented ascospores with germ pores or germ slits. The most studied taxa are Melanospora and Sphaerodes, but the boundaries with other morphologically closely related genera are not well resolved. In this study, the taxonomy of Melanospora and related taxa have been re-evaluated based on the analysis of nuclear rDNA, actin and elongation factor genes sequences of fresh isolates and numerous type and reference strains. The genus Melanospora has been restricted to species with ostiolate ascoma whose neck is composed of intermixed hyphae, and with a phialidic asexual morph. Microthecium has been re-established for species of Melanospora and Sphaerodes without a typical ascomatal neck or, if present, being short and composed of angular cells similar to those of the ascomatal wall, and usually producing bulbils. Three new genera have been proposed: Dactylidispora, possessing ascospores with a raised rim surrounding both terminal germ pores; Echinusitheca, with densely setose, dark ascomata; and Pseudomicrothecium, characterized by ascospores with indistinct germ pores. Dichotomous keys to identify the accepted genera of the Melanosporales, and keys to discriminate among the species of Melanospora and Microthecium, as well as a brief description of the accepted species of both genera, are also provided

50 years of Emmonsia disease in humans: the dramatic emergence of a cluster of novel fungal pathogens

New species of Emmonsia-like fungi, with phylogenetic and clinical similarities to Blastomyces and Histoplasma, have emerged as causes of systemic human mycoses worldwide. They differ from classical Emmonsia species by producing a thermally-dependent, yeast-like phase rather than adiaspores, and by causing disseminated infections, predominantly in immunocompromised patients and often with high case-fatality rates. Such differences will be important for clinicians to consider in diagnosis and patient management, and for microbiologists who may encounter these fungi with increasing frequency

Fungal systematics and evolution : FUSE 2

The present study introduces two new genera, 14 new species, five new combinations and 12 interesting host and/or geographical records. A majority of the fungi are Ascomycetes, but the study also includes a Basidiomycete, Xerocomellus fulvus described from Pakistan. Under single name nomenclature Zeuctomorpha arecae is reduced to synonymy under Acroconidiellina arecae (Sympoventuriaceae, Venturiales, Dothideomycetes). Based on morphology and phylogenetic affinities, Wojnowicia dactylidis, W. lonicerae and W. spartii are moved to the genus Wojnowiciella (Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) and Zalerion arboricola is now accommodated in Lophium (Mytilinidiaceae, Mytilinidiales, Dothideomycetes). Novel genera include: Alfariacladiella gen. nov. (Stachybotryaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes) with A. spartii sp. nov. as type species, and Calvolachnella gen. nov. (Chaetosphaeriales, Sordariomycetes) to accommodate Calvolachnella guaviyuensis comb. nov., previously included in Pseudolachnella. Novel species include: Castanediella hyalopenicillata from leaf litter (USA), C. malaysiana on Eucalyptus brassiana (Malaysia) (Xylariales, Sordariomycetes), Morchella pakistanica (Morchellaceae, Pezizales, Pezizomycetes) on loamy soil (Pakistan), Muriphaeosphaeria viburni (Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) on twigs of Viburnum lantana (Serbia), Phyllosticta aucubae-japonicae (Phyllostictaceae, Botryosphaeriales, Dothideomycetes) on fruit of Aucuba japonica (Japan), Wojnowiciella leptocarpi (Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) on stems of Leptocarpus sp. (Australia), and Xylomelasma shoalensis (Sordariomycetes) on a dead branch (USA). New species from Germany include: Neosetophoma lunariae and Phaeosphaeria lunariae (Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) on seeds of Lunaria annua, Patellaria quercus (Patellariaceae, Patellariales, Dothideomycetes) on twigs of Quercus sp., Rhinocladiella coryli on stems of Corylus avellana and Rhinocladiella quercus (Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriales, Eurotiomycetes) on twigs of Quercus robur. Ramularia eucalypti (Mycosphaerellaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes) is reported on leaves of Citrus maxima from Italy, Beltrania rhombica (Beltraniaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes) on leaves of Acacia sp. from Malaysia and Myrmecridium spartii (Myrmecridiaceae, Myrmecridiales, Sodariomycetes) on Sarothamnus scoparius from Serbia. New reports from Australia include: Dothiora ceratoniae (Dothideaceae, Dothideales, Dothideomycetes) on leaves of Eucalyptus sp., Readeriella dimorphospora (Teratosphaeriaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes) on Eucalyptus sp., Vermiculariopsiella dichapetali (Sordariomycetes) on leaves of Grevillea sp. and Acacia glaucoptera, and Verrucoconiothyrium nitidae (Montagnulaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideo mycetes), on leaves of Acacia leprosa var. graveolens. New reports from La Reunion (France) include: Botryosphaeria agaves (Botryosphaeriaceae, Botryosphaeriales, Dothideomycetes) on branches of Agave sp., Chrysofolia colombiana (Cryphonectriaceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes) on leaves of Syzygium jambos, Colletotrichum karstii (Glomerellaceae, Glomerellales, Sordariomycetes) on leaves of Acacia heterophylla, Epicoccum sorghinum (Didymellaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) on leaves of Paspalum sp. and Helminthosporium velutinum (Massarinaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) on branches of Stoebia sp. Finally, an epitype is designated for Tracylla aristata (Sordariomycetes) on Eucalyptus regnans (Australia).http://www.sydowia.at/syd62-1/syd62-1.htm2017-09-30am2017Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)GeneticsMicrobiology and Plant Patholog

Fungal Planet description sheets: 868-950

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Chaetomella pseudocircinoseta and Coniella pseudodiospyri on Eucalyptus microcorys leaves, Cladophialophora eucalypti, Teratosphaeria dunnii and Vermiculariopsiella dunnii on Eucalyptus dunnii leaves, Cylindrium grande and Hypsotheca eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus grandis leaves, Elsinoe salignae on Eucalyptus saligna leaves, Marasmius lebeliae on litter of regenerating subtropical rainforest, Phialoseptomonium eucalypti (incl. Phialoseptomonium gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus grandis × camaldulensis leaves, Phlogicylindrium pawpawense on Eucalyptus tereticornis leaves, Phyllosticta longicauda as an endophyte from healthy Eustrephus latifolius leaves, Pseudosydowia eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus sp. leaves, Saitozyma wallum on Banksia aemula leaves, Teratosphaeria henryi on Corymbia henryi leaves. Brazil, Aspergillus bezerrae, Backusella azygospora, Mariannaea terricola and Talaromyces pernambucoensis from soil, Calonectria matogrossensis on Eucalyptus urophylla leaves, Calvatia brasiliensis on soil, Carcinomyces nordestinensis on Bromelia antiacantha leaves, Dendryphiella stromaticola on small branches of an unidentified plant, Nigrospora brasiliensis on Nopalea cochenillifera leaves, Penicillium alagoense as a leaf endophyte on a Miconia sp., Podosordaria nigrobrunnea on dung, Spegazzinia bromeliacearum as a leaf endophyte on Tilandsia catimbauensis, Xylobolus brasiliensis on decaying wood. Bulgaria, Kazachstania molopis from the gut of the beetle Molops piceus. Croatia, Mollisia endocrystallina from a fallen decorticated Picea abies tree trunk. Ecuador, Hygrocybe rodomaculata on soil. Hungary, Alfoldia vorosii (incl.Alfoldia gen. nov.) from Juniperus communis roots, Kiskunsagia ubrizsyi (incl. Kiskunsagia gen. nov.) from Fumana procumbens roots. India, Aureobasidium tremulum as laboratory contaminant, Leucosporidium himalayensis and Naganishia indica from windblown dust on glaciers. Italy, Neodevriesia cycadicola on Cycas sp. leaves, Pseudocercospora pseudomyrticola on Myrtus communis leaves, Ramularia pistaciae on Pistacia lentiscus leaves, Neognomoniopsis quercina (incl. Neognomoniopsis gen. nov.) on Quercus ilex leaves. Japan, Diaporthe fructicola on Passiflora edulis × P. edulis f. flavicarpa fruit, Entoloma nipponicum on leaf litter in a mixed Cryptomeria japonica and Acer spp. forest. Macedonia, Astraeus macedonicus on soil. Malaysia, Fusicladium eucalyptigenum on Eucalyptus sp. twigs, Neoacrodontiella eucalypti (incl. Neoacrodontiella gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus urophylla leaves. Mozambique, Meliola gorongosensis on dead Philenoptera violacea leaflets. Nepal, Coniochaeta dendrobiicola from Dendriobium lognicornu roots. New Zealand, Neodevriesia sexualis and Thozetella neonivea on Archontophoenix cunninghamiana leaves. Norway, Calophoma sandfjordenica from a piece of board on a rocky shoreline, Clavaria parvispora on soil, Didymella finnmarkica from a piece of Pinus sylvestris driftwood. Poland, Sugiyamaella trypani from soil. Portugal, Colletotrichum feijoicola from Acca sellowiana. Russia, Crepidotus tobolensis on Populus tremula debris, Entoloma ekaterinae, Entoloma erhardii and Suillus gastroflavus on soil, Nakazawaea ambrosiae from the galleries of Ips typographus under the bark of Picea abies. Slovenia, Pluteus ludwigii on twigs of broadleaved trees. South Africa, Anungitiomyces stellenboschiensis (incl. Anungitiomyces gen. nov.) and Niesslia stellenboschiana on Eucalyptus sp. leaves, Beltraniella pseudoportoricensis on Podocarpus falcatus leaf litter, Corynespora encephalarti on Encephalartos sp. leaves, Cytospora pavettae on Pavetta revoluta leaves, Helminthosporium erythrinicola on Erythrina humeana leaves, Helminthosporium syzygii on a Syzygium sp. barkcanker, Libertasomyces aloeticus on Aloe sp. leaves, Penicillium lunae from Musa sp. fruit, Phyllosticta lauridiae on Lauridia tetragona leaves, Pseudotruncatella bolusanthi (incl. Pseudotruncatellaceae fam. nov.) and Dactylella bolusanthi on Bolusanthus speciosus leaves. Spain, Apenidiella foetida on submerged plant debris, Inocybe grammatoides on Quercus ilex subsp. ilex forest humus, Ossicaulis salomii on soil, Phialemonium guarroi from soil. Thailand, Pantospora chromolaenae on Chromolaena odorata leaves. Ukraine, Cadophora helianthi from Helianthus annuus stems. USA, Boletus pseudopinophilus on soil under slash pine, Botryotrichum foricae, Penicillium americanum and Penicillium minnesotense from air. Vietnam, Lycoperdon vietnamense on soil. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes